Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive associated with a plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive having a plurality of chemically different functional groups and an expander component associated with the negative plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: There is described in the specification a mercury-free manganese primary dry battery wherein the cathode mixture contains boric acid or an alkali borate at a ratio of 0.04 to 0.4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of manganese dioxide as a boron conversion value or wherein the separator contains boric acid or an alkali borate at a ratio of 0.1 to 8.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a dry solid content in the pasting agent. Such battery has excellent discharge properties under light loading conditions.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphonate additive having the formula (R1O)P(═O) (OR2) (R3) provided in the electrolyte. In the phosphonate formula, R3 is a hydrogen atom and wherein at least one, but not both, of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom and the other of R1 and R2 is an organic group containing 1 to 13 carbon atoms. Or, at least one of R1 and R2 is an organic group containing at least 3 carbon atoms and having an sp or sp2 hybridized carbon atom bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom bonded to the phosphorous atom, or at least one of R1 and R2 is an unsaturated inorganic group.

Abstract: A pre-passivated electrode for use in an electrochemical cell comprising an uncharged current collecting substrate, an active material layer associated with the substrate, and a solid electrolyte interface layer associated with the active material layer. The pre-passivated electrode fabricated in accordance with the present invention exhibits, among other things, increased coulombic efficiency and capacity.

Abstract: An organic expander composition for improving the cycle life and the cold crank ability properties of lead-acid batteries as compared to standard or oxylignin organic expanders. The organic expander composition is obtained by a blend of oxylignin and kraft lignin.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp or sp2)-C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group.

Abstract: Conventional batteries have a problem that, in case the battery temperature should rise due to an internal short-circuit, etc., a large short-circuit current develops to generate heat. It follows that the battery temperature further increases, which can result in a further increase of the short-circuit current. The battery of the invention, which has been completed to solve the problem, is a battery in which a positive electrode (1) has an active material containing nickel, at least one of the positive electrode (1) and a negative electrode (2) has an active material layer (6) comprising an active material (8) and an electron conductive material (9) in contact with the active material (8), and an electrolyte layer (3) is interposed between the positive electrode (1) and the negative electrode (2), wherein the electron conductive material (9) contains a conductive filler and a resin so that the electrode is designed to increase its resistivity with a temperature rise.

Abstract: Conventional batteries have a problem that, in case the battery temperature should rise to or above a temperature at which the separator melts or flows due to an internal short-circuit, etc., a large short-circuit current develops to generate heat at the part where the separator flows. It follows that the battery temperature further increases, which can result in a further increase of the short-circuit current. The invention has been completed to solve the abovementioned problem. It is an object of the invention to provide an electrode which increases its resistivity with temperature, a method of fabricating the electrode, and a battery using the electrode. Specifically, the electrode of the invention contains a resin which is in contact with an active material or a conducting agent and expands in volume with a rise in temperature.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrochemical cell comprising a current collector, an electrode active material layer, and means for substantially increasing surface compatibility between the electrode active material layer and at least one of the current collector and an associated electrolyte. The surface compatibility increasing means includes at least a portion of the electrode active material layer associated with an interface modifying component, such as the product of a hydrosilated allylether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for an electrochemical cell comprising:

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfite additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfite additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp2 or sp3)—C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO2— functional group.

Abstract: A secondary battery exhibiting a long cycle life and comprising a negative pole activating material made of lithium or zinc is provided, the battery at least having a negative pole made of lithium or zinc serving as the negative pole activating material, an electrolyte (electrolytic solution), a separator, a positive pole made of a positive pole activating material, a collecting electrode and a battery case, wherein at least the surface of the negative pole is covered with a film having a structure which allows ions relating to the battery reactions to pass through. Since growth of dendrite of lithium or zinc at the time of the charge can be prevented, short circuit between the negative pole and the positive pole can be prevented. Therefore, the charge/discharge cycle life can significantly be lengthened.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one sulfite additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl sulfite compound.

Abstract: An organic expander composition for improving the cycle life and the cold crank ability properties of lead-acid batteries as compared to standard or oxylignin organic expanders. The organic expander composition is obtained by a blend of oxylignin and kraft lignin.

Abstract: A coated composite electrode for supporting an anodic electrochemical reaction includes a substrate composed of an electrically conductive metal and a mixture composed of lead and manganese oxides of between about 70 and 90 weight percent and of binders and extenders together being of between about 10 and 30 weight percent. The mixture is in the form of a coating on the substrate which constitutes a site of electrochemical oxidation. The coating is pressed above about 1500 psi pressure and at a temperature within the range of about 25 to 230 degrees C. The composite electrode provides corrosion inhibition for the lead alloy and improved current efficiency in systems with iron, such as copper electrowinning.

Abstract: A non-sintered nickel electrode contains a conductive support and a paste comprising an electrochemically active material containing nickel hydroxide and a binder which is a mixture of an elastomer and a crystalline polymer. The proportion of the elastomer is in the range 25% to 60% by weight of the binder and the proportion of the crystalline polymer is in the range 40% to 75% by weight of the binder.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material doped with a dopant comprising an anion having the same or similar molecular structure to a polymer matrix of at least one of a solid electrolyte and a gel solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A secondary power source, which comprises a positive electrode containing activated carbon, a negative electrode containing a carbon material capable of doping and undoping lithium ions, and an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt, wherein the ratio of the positive electrode capacity (C+) to the negative electrode capacity (C−), i.e. C+/C−, is from 0.1 to 1.2.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a carbonaceous material capable of doping or dedoping lithium for an anode, a composite oxide comprising lithium and a transition metal for a cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving a carrier salt in a non-aqueous solvent as an electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of isoprene, styrene, 2-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethyl cinnamate, methyl cinnamate, ionone, and myrcene, which, upon charging, forms a film on the surface of the anode.

Abstract: An alkaline secondary battery comprising an electrolyte such as aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, at least one cathode electrode, at least one anode electrode having an anode active material layer, and a separator such as non-woven fabric between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, in which the anode active material layer containing an anode active material such as a hydridable alloy or a cadmium alloy, and an anode binder which includes a nonionic polymer produced by emulsion polymerization of a nonionic monomer in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, and in which the electrolyte essentially surrounds the cathode electrode and the anode electrode.

Abstract: By using a porous material formed by calcining an active material as an electrode of a non-aqueous solvent secondary battery, the volume of a dead space in the electrode contained in a container of the constituted battery is reduced, thereby to increase an electric capacity per unit volume. By using the porous material as the electrode material, rather a powder material, the active material is sufficiently brought into contact with an electrolyte solution, electrically. Furthermore, the amount of a metal foil as a current collecting material and a conductive material are reduced or use of them is made unnecessary, and an electric capacity per unit weight is increased in comparison with the prior art. When the porous sintered material has a plate-like shape, the thickness is from 100 &mgr;m to 2 mm. The porous sintered material contains pores of an average diameter of 0.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl phosphate additive.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having an organic polymer having phosphonic functionality in the negative plate to improve capacity maintenance.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive.

Abstract: The thermal treatment of transition metal oxide electrodes such as silver vanadium oxide cathode plates, contacted to titanium current collectors for the purpose of reducing polarization resistance in an alkali metal electrochemical cell, is described. The electrodes are exposed to an elevated temperature of at least about 225° C. for about 8 hours prior to cell fabrication. The present heat treatment regime is particularly useful in cathodes intended for fabrication into a cell powering an implantable medical device with improved polarization resistance as well as reduced heat dissipation.

Abstract: A small, portable electrochemical power cell, having an output voltage of over 4 V, and preferably over 5 V, includes an anode, a cathode having a fluorine compound and an electrolyte having an organic sulfur-containing compound to maintain ionic conductivity between the anode and the cathode. A method of fabricating such an electrochemical power cell includes the step adding an electrolyte having an organic, sulfur-containing compound to maintain electrical conductivity between the anode and the cathode. An electrochemical power cell having a lithium anode, a CoF3 cathode, an electrolyte to maintain ionic conductivity between the anode and the cathode and a cobalt complexing material within the electrolyte to complex cobalt ions is described.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl phosphate compound.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell having a barium compound additive in the anode according to one embodiment, and in both the anode and the cathode according to another embodiment. The anode of the present invention comprises an active anode material such as zinc, and an anode additive comprising a barium compound, such as barium sulfate in the amount of up to 8% by weight of active anode materials. According to another embodiment, the cathode of the electrochemical cell comprises an active cathode material, such as manganese dioxide, and also has an additive comprising a barium compound, such as barium sulfate. The anode and cathode of the present invention are particularly adapted for use in an electrochemical cell having an alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl phosphonate compound.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to solid composite cathodes which comprise (a) an electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material which, in its oxidized state, comprises a polysulfide moiety of the formula, -Sm-, wherein m is an integer from 3 to 10; and (b) non-activated carbon nanofibers. The present invention also pertains to electric current producing cells comprising such solid composite cathodes, and methods of making such solid composite cathodes and electric current producing cells.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp2 or sp3 )—C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group, or a silyl sulfate or a tin sulfate.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery wherein the surface of the cathode of which a composition containing a cathode active material, a conductive substance and a binder is supported on a current collector, is coated with at least one ion-permeable resin selected from resins having a temperature of deflection under load (measured at 18.6 kg/cm2 load according to JIS K 7207) not lower than 100 ° C., provide a lithium secondary battery with high energy density having improved safety.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one dicarbonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl dicarbonate compound.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a macroporous high cross-link organic polymer having sulfonic functionality in at least one of the negative plate or separator to improve capacity maintenance.

Abstract: To provide a water-repelling agent for batteries which comprises an aqueous dispersion or organosol containing fine particles having an average particle size of from 0.05 to 1 .mu.m and made of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer and/or a non-fibril-forming tetrafluoroethylene polymer, is obtained without use of a powder of a fluorine-containing resin as it is, can enhance chemical resistance, heat resistance and water repellency particularly more effectively without being fibrillated even if mixed with electrode materials and is excellent in workability, and to provide a battery which is produced by using the water-repelling agent for batteries and is excellent in cycle life and internal pressure characteristics.

Abstract: An assembled battery having one or more positive plates, negative plates and separators and sulfuric acid electrolytes having a fluoro aliphatic surfactant present in the electrolyte that improves the utilization efficiency of the battery.

Abstract: A lead storage battery comprising a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12. The negative electrode 12 contains a negative electrode active substance to which a negative electrode additive is added. The negative electrode additive is a phenol.multidot.aminobenzene sulfonic acid.multidot.formaldehyde condensate. The above-structured lead storage battery provides a prolonged cycle life and excellent charging performance.

Abstract: The adhesion of a conductive polymer film to an oxidized porous pellet anode is improved by the incorporation of a silane coupling agent in the polymer impregnating solution. The incorporation of the silane coupling agent also decreases leakage current and dissipation factor. Suitable silanes are those of the general formula (R.sup.1 --R.sup.3)--Si--(OR.sup.2).sub.3. Each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, or propyl. R.sup.1 can be chosen from a wide variety of organic functional groups such as epoxy, glycidoxy, amino, and pyrrole. The most preferred silane is 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Abstract: A negative electrode for an alkaline electrochemical cell. The electrode comprises an active material and a hydrophilic agent constituted by small cylindrical rods of polyolefin provided with hydrophilic groups. The mean length of the rods is less than 50 microns and the mean diameter thereof is less than 20 microns. A method of manufacturing a negative electrode in which hydrophilic rods are made by fragmenting long polyolefin fibers having a mean diameter of less than 20 microns by oxidizing them, with the rods being mixed with the active material and the mixture being applied to a current conductor.

Abstract: The invention provides a lead acid storage battery with a high utilization at a high rate discharge by incorporating a lead ion solubility adjusting agent into the electrolyte. The agent is selected from polysaccharides, chelating agents, their derivatives, and hydrazinium sulfate.

Abstract: A battery paste for a lead oxide battery plate comprising lead oxide, sulfuric acid and a naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, the condensate being water soluble and having a molecular weight of about 9,000 to 15,000; methods for preparing the battery paste are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a lithium ion secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a container, the positive electrode is made of a positive electrode active material having a spinel structure and the formula:Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2-a M.sub.a/c O.sub.4+bwherein M is cation of a metal other than Li and Mn; x, a and b are 0.1<x.ltoreq.1.2, 0.ltoreq.a<2.0 (preferably 0<a<2.0), 1.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.3, and 0.ltoreq.b<0.3, during its charge-discharge cycle;the positive electrode is coated with a non-electron conductive protective layer; andthe negative electrode is made of a negative electrode active material of a lithium alloy or an alloy into which a lithium ion can be intercalated.

Abstract: An electroconductive polymer composite for use in secondary batteries as positive electrode active materials is disclosed. It includes 10-99 weight percent of a conjugated electroconductive polymer, such as polyaniline, and 90-1 weight percent of polymeric electrolyte. The latter is composed of 10-90 weight percent of an ionic salt, such as LiClO.sub.4, and 90-10 weight percent of a polymer which can form an electrolyte material with the ionic salt. The polymer, for example, can be polyvinyl alcohol or polyalkylene oxide. A method of using the electroconductive polymer composite to prepare the positive electrode of secondary batteries is also disclosed.

Abstract: A secondary battery exhibiting a long cycle life and comprising a negative pole activating material made of lithium or zinc is provided, the battery at least having a negative pole made of lithium or zinc serving as the negative pole activating material, an electrolyte (electrolytic solution), a separator, a positive pole made of a positive pole activating material, a collecting electrode and a battery case, wherein at least the surface of the negative pole is covered with a film having a structure which allows ions relating to the battery reactions to pass through. Since growth of dendrite of lithium or zinc at the time of the charge can be prevented, short circuit between the negative pole and the positive pole can be prevented. Therefore, the charge/discharge cycle life can significantly be lengthened.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cathode composite for use in a primary battery and a secondary battery. In order to uniformly disperse a positive active material and a conductive agent in the cathode composite, wherein the cathode composite comprises a polar organic molecule, a chalcogen containing positive active compound, a conductive agent and a diluent, wherein the polar organic molecule has at least one acid structure based on phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, boric acid, carboxylic acid or sulfuric acid and functions as a dispersant.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of impurity metal on the negative plate.