Abstract: A thermosensitive recording material including a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein, R1 to R10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl oxy group, an alkyl carbonyl oxy group, an aryl carbonyl oxy group, an alkyl carbonyl amino group, an aryl carbonyl amino group, an alkyl sulfonyl amino group, an aryl sulfonyl amino group, a monoalkyl amino group, a dialkyl amino group, or an aryl amino group.

Abstract: An alkali metal electrode treatment agent including an acrylate represented by the following general formula (1): wherein X, Y and Rf are as defined herein and/or a polymer containing an acrylate represented by the general formula (1) as a part or all of its constituent units. Also disclosed is an electrolytic solution for an alkali metal secondary battery and an alkali metal electrode including the acrylate represented by the general formula (1), an alkali metal secondary battery including the alkali metal electrode, and a module including the alkali metal secondary battery.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer having a positive electrode active material containing an overlithiated manganese-based oxide represented by Formula 1 below, and the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer having a silicon-based negative electrode active material, LiaNibCocMndMeO2??[Formula 1] wherein, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr, and 1<a, 0?b?0.5, 0?c?0.1, 0.5?d<1.0, and 0?e?0.2, and. Preferably, in the Formula 1, 1.1?a?1.5, 0.1?b?0.4, 0?c?0.05, 0.5?d?0.80, and 0?e?0.1.

Abstract: The disclosed is a method for producing a dispersion of carbonaceous material in a nonaqueous solvent comprising a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amide compound with a solvent purity of 99.9% or higher, which comprises: confirming an amine-controlled concentration, in which the concentration of amine components in the nonaqueous solvent is confirmed to be less than 3×10?6 in mass fraction; confirming a moisture-controlled concentration, in which the concentration of the moisture concentration in the nonaqueous solvent is confirmed to be less than 5×10?4 in mass fraction; and dispersing a carbonaceous material added to the nonaqueous solvent that satisfies the conditions in the amine-controlled concentration confirmation and the moisture-controlled concentration confirmation so that the carbonaceous material concentration is 15 to 30% by mass based on the total mass of the dispersion, by stirring and mixing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified iron oxyhydroxynitrate including iron oxyhydroxynitrate and hydrogen phosphate ions adsorbed on a surface thereof. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the same, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the modified iron oxyhydroxynitrate as a positive electrode additive, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: An electrode material includes an electrode active material, a first solid electrolyte material, and a coating material. The first solid electrolyte material includes Li, M, and X and does not include sulfur, where M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, and X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I. The coating material is located on the surface of the electrode active material.

Abstract: A bicycle control device includes a body, at least one button on the body, an antenna for connection via radio to a component of the bicycle, and an electronic unit mounted in the body and connected to the button and to the antenna. The control device also includes an insert made of electrically insulating material, with a resistivity greater than 107 ?m, on the body, the antenna being on the insert. The arrangement of the antenna on the insert of such an insulating material reduces or eliminates disturbances during the transmission from the antenna to the component, independently of the material of the body.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed of methods to recycle coated positive-electrode material of a lithium-ion battery. One example provides a method including relithiating the coated positive-electrode material in a solution comprising lithium ions, and after relithiating, separating the coated positive-electrode material from the solution. In some examples, coated positive-electrode materials may be reinstated using lower process temperatures than uncoated positive-electrode material.

Abstract: An anode material for a secondary battery is provided. The anode material for the secondary battery includes a metal oxide containing four or more than four elements, or an oxide mixture containing four or more than four elements. The metal oxide includes cobalt-copper-tin oxide, silicon-tin-iron oxide, copper-manganese-silicon oxide, tin-manganese-nickel oxide, manganese-copper-nickel oxide, or nickel-copper-tin oxide. The oxide mixture includes the oxide mixture containing cobalt, copper and tin, the oxide mixture containing silicon, tin and iron, the oxide mixture containing copper, manganese and silicon, the oxide mixture containing tin, manganese and nickel, the oxide mixture containing manganese, copper and nickel, or the oxide mixture containing nickel, copper and tin.

Abstract: A positive electrode (1) for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, including collector (11) and active material layer (12), wherein: integrated value (a) is 3 to 15% (for frequency of diameters of 1 ?m or less), and frequency (b) is 8 to 20% (for diameter with a maximum frequency). A positive electrode (1) for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, including collector (11) and active material layer (12), wherein assuming two directions perpendicular to thickness direction of collector (11) and mutually orthogonal as first and second directions, average thickness a1, maximum thickness b1, minimum thickness cl in thickness distribution in the first direction, and thickness d1 (largest absolute value of difference from a1) satisfy 0.990?(d1/a1)?1.010 and (b1?c1)?5.0 ?m, and average thickness a2, maximum thickness b2, minimum thickness c2 in thickness distribution in the second direction, and thickness d2 (largest absolute value of difference from a2) satisfy 0.990?(d2/a2)?1.010 and (b2?c2)?5.0 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material including a blend of a doped lithium manganese iron phosphate (dLMFP) according to the formula: LiMnxFeyM1?x?yPO4, wherein 0.9<x+y<1; and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Ba with one or both of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) compound having a Ni content greater than 0.6 relative to a total amount of metals other than Li and a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) compound. In particular, provided is a blend at a weight ratio of dLMFP to NMC and/or NCA (i.e., dLMFP:(NMC+NCA)) of >70:<30, such as 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, etc.

Abstract: Methods of preparing an electrochemically active material can include providing electrochemically active particles, coating the particles with a binder, and exposing the particles to a source of metal. The methods can also include forming metal salt on the surface of the particles from the source of metal and heating the metal salt to form metal oxide coated particles.

Abstract: Provided is particulate of an anode active material for a lithium battery, comprising one or a plurality of anode active material particles being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 5%, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?6 S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 ?m, wherein the polymer contains an ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polymer having a molecular weight from 0.5×106 to 9×106 grams/mole. The UHMW polymer is preferably selected from polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl ether acrylate), a copolymer thereof, a sulfonated derivative thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an NVPF-based composition and the use thereof in the field of batteries as an electrochemically active material. The invention also relates to a conductive composition comprising said composition as well as to a method for obtaining said composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing a stable LixKyMn2-zMezO4 is provided. The general formula of the potassium “A” site and Group VIII Period 4 (Fe, Co and Ni) “B” site modified lithium manganese-based AB2O4 spinel is LixKyMn2-zMezO4 where Me is Fe, Co, or Ni. In addition, a LixKyMn2-zMezO4 cathode material for electrochemical systems is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium-ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, incorporating the LixKyMn2-zMezO4 cathode material in a positive electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the secondary battery further includes a reaction-inducing substance located in any one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte, wherein the reaction-inducing substance forms a reaction product when exposed to a predetermined temperature or higher in a use environment of the secondary battery, wherein the reaction product is a non-conductor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of making a composite product that may be used as a flexible electrode. An aerosolized mixture of nanotubes and an electrode active material is collected on a porous substrate, such as a filter, until it reaches a desired thickness. The resulting self-standing electrode may then be removed from the porous substrate and may operate as a battery electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides a lithium ion battery, including an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic solution including imide anion based lithium salt and LiPO2F2. The cathode includes a cathode active material particle and a carbon conductive additive forming an island-bridge structure on the surface of the cathode active material particle. The carbon conductive additive includes graphenes partially covered with the surface of the cathode active material particle to form an island structure, carbon blacks attached on the surface of the graphene and carbon nanotubes connecting between graphenes as a bridge structure.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an active material-based nanocomposite is synthesized by infiltrating an active material precursor into pores of a nanoporous carbon, metal or metal oxide material, and then annealing to decompose the active material precursor into a first gaseous material and an active material and/or another active material precursor infiltrated inside the pores. The nanocomposite is then exposed to a gaseous material or a liquid material to at least partially convert the active material and/or the second active material precursor into active material particles that are infiltrated inside the pores and/or to infiltrate a secondary material into the pores. The nanocomposite is again annealed to remove volatile residues, to enhance electrical contact within the active material-based nanocomposite composite and/or to enhance one or more structural properties of the nanocomposite. In a further embodiment, the pores may be further infiltrated with a filler material and/or may be at least partially sealed.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a solid state electrolyte for a lithium ion battery. The method includes the following steps: i) providing a layer of a solid state electrolyte; and ii) coating at least one first surface of the layer of the solid state electrolyte with a first coating, which has an electrochemical stability at potentials of ?1 to 5 V measured against Li/Li+.

Abstract: A film forming treatment agent for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy, and a film forming process method, and a composite chemical conversion film are provided. Components of the film forming treatment agent for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy comprise a water solution and a suspension of reduced graphene oxide flakes to the water solution. The water solution comprises strontium ions at 0.1 mol/L to 2.5 mol/L and phosphate ions at 0.06 mol/L to 1.5 mol/L, and pH of the water solution is 1.5 to 4.5. Concentration of the reduced graphene oxide varies between 0.1 mg/L and 5 mg/L. The film forming process method for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy comprises the following steps of: 1) pretreatment on surface of magnesium alloy matrix; 2) immersion of magnesium alloy matrix in the film forming treatment agent; and 3) removal of magnesium alloy pieces for drying in air.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safe and highly efficient method for producing graphite oxide. The present invention relates to a method for producing graphite oxide by oxidizing graphite, the method including the step of oxidizing graphite by adding a permanganate to a liquid mixture containing graphite and sulfuric acid while maintaining the concentration of heptavalent manganese at 1% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the liquid mixture.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium battery includes a lithium salt, a carbonaceous material, and a coating on a surface of the carbonaceous material, the coating including a polymer electrolyte including a hydrophilic material and a hydrophobic material, wherein a portion of the polymer electrolyte is anchored to the surface of the carbonaceous material by a chemical bond.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cathode material of the form LiaMn1-x-y-zFexCoyNizO2-dCld is provided. In addition, a LiaMn1-x-y-zFexCoyNizO2-dCld cathode material for electrochemical systems is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium-ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, incorporating the LiaMn1-x-y-zFexCoyNizO2-dCld cathode material in a positive electrode.

Abstract: This application provides a negative electrode plate, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus. The negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a plurality of active substance layers formed on the negative current collector, where the plurality of active substance layers include at least a first active substance layer and a second active substance layer; the first active substance layer includes a first negative active substance, and the second active substance layer includes a second negative active substance; a ratio of thickness of the negative active substance of the first active substance layer to average particle size of the first negative active substance is 2.0 to 4.0; and a ratio of thickness of the second active substance layer to average particle size of the second negative active substance is 2.2 to 5.0.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are based on the discovery that cathode materials and lithium ion batteries comprising the cathode material, having improved thermal stability may be produced from a cathode material that is comprised of a mixture of a lithium metal oxide and a lithium metal phosphate wherein the lithium metal phosphate comprises a volume fraction of secondary particles having a size of 0.1 to 3 ?m that is from 5 to 100%, based on the total content of lithium metal phosphate. More specifically cathodes comprising lithium metal phosphates having the recited secondary particle ranges help provide cathode materials that are capable of passing the nail penetration test without generating smoke or flames. Methods of forming the cathode and lithium ion battery comprising the cathode are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery housing for an electrically powered vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a battery accommodation space made of a first flat steel product and a housing frame made of a second flat steel product, where the two flat steel products differ in terms of at least one of the properties yield strength (Rp0.2), tensile strength (RM) or elongation (A50).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode active material for a sodium secondary battery, including: a composite metal oxide, in which the composite metal oxide is represented by Formula (1), and in a case where a peak intensity of a (200) plane of nickel oxide which is observed in the vicinity of 43° of a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum is set as I, and a peak intensity of a (104) plane of the composite metal oxide represented by Formula (1) which is observed in the vicinity of 41° to 42.5° is set as I0, I/I0 obtained by dividing I by I0 is 0.2 or less.

Abstract: Systems and methods for water soluble weak acidic resins as carbon precursors for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and pyrolyzed water-soluble acidic polyamide imide as a primary resin carbon precursor. The electrode coating layer may include a pyrolyzed water-based acidic polymer solution additive. The polymer solution additive may include one or more of: polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution, poly (maleic acid, methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid, butadiene/maleic acid) solutions, and water soluble polyacrylic acid. The electrode coating layer may include conductive additives. The current collector may include a metal foil, where the metal current collector includes one or more of a copper, tungsten, stainless steel, and nickel foil in electrical contact with the electrode coating layer. The electrode coating layer may be more than 70% silicon.

Abstract: Provided is a composite metal oxide which is represented by Formula (1) and has an ?-NaFeO2 type crystal structure, in which a peak half value width of a (104) plane to be measured by powder X-ray diffraction is 0.250° or less at 2?. NaxM1r(FeyNizMnwM1?y?z?w)O2±???(1) (in Formula (1), M represents any one or more elements selected from the group consisting of B, Si, V, Ti, Co, Mo, Pd, Re, Pb, and Bi, M1 represents any one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ca, and relations 0?r?0.1, 0.5?x?1.0, 0.1?y?0.5, 0<z<0.4, 0<w<0.4, 0???0.05, and y+z+w?1 are satisfied).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes the active material-containing layer formed on the current collector and including active material particles. The particle size distribution chart obtained by the laser diffraction scattering method for the active material particles includes the first region and the second region. The first particle group included in the first region includes the first active material particles, and the second particle group included in the second region includes second active material particles. The carbon coverage of the first particle group is higher than the carbon coverage of the second particle group.

Abstract: An electrode for a battery, comprising an active material and a metallic fabric is disclosed. The metallic fabric comprises fibers being at least partially covered by a coating of nickel or copper, which comprises a layer and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the layer. The active material is attached on the protrusions. The metallic fabric provides a high electrical conductivity and a high mechanical stability, and demonstrates outstanding performance for the use as a current collector of battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising a lithium-nickel-based transition metal oxide; and a coating layer formed on the lithium-nickel-based transition metal oxide, the coating layer comprising a metal oxalate compound, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: The present teaching provides a highly durable lithium ion secondary battery including a flat shape wound electrode body, with which a high capacity retention ratio and suppression of resistance rise are realized, and also provides a battery pack constructed by using the secondary battery as a unit battery. The lithium ion secondary battery (unit battery) provided in accordance with the present teaching has a flat-shaped wound electrode body 20, and in a state in which a constraint pressure is applied in the direction toward the flat surface of the wound electrode body under the same conditions as the conditions when the battery pack is constructed, the condition of a D/B ratio being 1.01 or more and 1.

Abstract: A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1: A4+xM5-yM?yO12-?,??Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, M is at least one of a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, or a tetravalent cation, M? is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, M and M? are different from each other, and 0.3?x<3, 0.01<y<2, and 0???1 are satisfied.

Abstract: Provided are a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a positive electrode including the same. The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a first positive active material and a second positive active material, wherein the first positive active material includes at least one nickel-based lithium composite oxide, and the second positive active material is represented by Chemical Formula 2 and has an average particle diameter of about 300 nm to about 600 nm: Lia1Fe1-x1M1x1PO4.??[Chemical Formula 2] In Chemical Formula 2, 0.90?a1?1.8, 0?x1?0.7, and M1 may be Mg, Co, Ni, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a battery assembly provided by the present invention includes a step of measuring a stacking direction length of a stacked body including a predetermined number of unit cells (12) constituting a battery assembly (10) and arranged in the stacking direction; and a step of bundling a body (20) to be bundled that includes the stacked body. Here, the body to be bundled is provided with length adjusting means (40) for converging a spread in stacking direction length. The bundling step is implemented by setting the length adjusting means according to the stacking direction length of the stacked body, so that a length of the battery assembly in the stacking direction is a stipulated length (LT) and a bundling pressure of the body to be bundled is a stipulated pressure.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer containing lithium iron phosphate, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer containing graphite, and an electrolyte including a lithium salt and a solvent including ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. When the battery temperature of the lithium ion secondary battery or the temperature of an environment in which the lithium ion secondary battery is used is T and given temperatures are T1 and T2 (T1<T2), in the case where T<T1, constant current charge is performed until voltage reaches a given value and then constant voltage charge is performed; in the case where T1?T<T2, only constant current charge is performed; and in the case where T2?T, charge is not performed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulfur-based active material prepared using an inexpensive polymer material as a starting material and a method of preparing the sulfur-based active material. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium-ion secondary battery provided with an electrode comprising the sulfur-based active material has a large charging and discharging capacity and an excellent cyclability.

Abstract: Provided is graphene-embraced particulate for use as a lithium-ion battery anode active material, wherein the particulate comprises primary particle(s) of an anode active material and multiple sheets of a first graphene material overlapped together to embrace or encapsulate the primary particle(s) and wherein a single or a plurality of graphene-encapsulated primary particles, along with an optional conductive additive, are further embraced or encapsulated by multiple sheets of a second graphene material, wherein the first graphene and the second graphene material is each in an amount from 0.01% to 20% by weight and the optional conductive additive is in an amount from 0% to 50% by weight, all based on the total weight of the particulate. Also provided are an anode and a battery comprising multiple graphene-embraced particulates.

Abstract: To provide an anode mixture configured to, when used in an all-solid-state battery, decrease the resistance of the all-solid-state battery and increase the charging performance of the all-solid-state battery, wherein the anode mixture is an anode mixture for an all-solid-state battery comprising an anode comprising an anode mixture layer; wherein the anode mixture contains a first anode active material and a second anode active material; and wherein a difference between a reaction potential of the first anode active material with respect to lithium metal and a reaction potential of the second anode active material with respect to lithium metal, is 1.0 V or more.

Abstract: A conductive sheet according to an aspect of the present invention includes a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure disposed to intersect each other. A thickness of an intersect region of the first nanostructure and the second nanostructure is 0.6 to 0.9 times the sum of thicknesses of non-intersection regions of the first nanostructure and the second nanostructure.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of fabricating a metal-carbon fibrous structure is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (a) forming a fibrous support structure comprising composite nanocrystals and polymeric fibers, wherein each of the composite nanocrystals comprises metal ions connected by organic ligands; (b) growing the composite nanocrystals on the fibrous support structure; and (c) subjecting the fibrous support structure of step (b) to carbonization to form the metal-carbon fibrous structure, wherein the metal-carbon fibrous structure comprises metal nanoparticles derived from the composite nanocrystals comprising metal organic framework (MOF), particularly zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). A metal-carbon fibrous structure comprising carbon based fibers arranged to form a porous network and the carbon based fibers are doped with metal nanoparticles, wherein the carbon based fibers have surfaces which comprise graphitic carbon, is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium complex oxide, and more specifically, to a lithium complex oxide of which a range of FWHM(104) values maintains a constant relationship with a molar fraction of nickel when measuring XRD defined by a hexagonal lattice having a R-3m space group. The lithium complex oxide according to the present invention exhibits an effect of improving lifetime properties of the cells including high Ni-based cathode active materials accordingly by enabling a range of the FWHM(104) values at (104) peaks defined b the hexagonal lattice having the R-3m space group to maintain a constant relationship with the molar fraction of nickel, thereby maintaining the primary particles in a predetermined size range.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cathode additive of a lithium secondary battery which may have improved crystallinity and a method for preparing the same. The cathode additive may be provided to suppress generation of oxygen gas or gelation of an electrode slurry composition, which may occur due to reduction in the content of residual by-products containing lithium oxide.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an exemplary binding layer formed on Aluminum (Al) substrate that binds the substrate with a coated material. Additionally, an extended form of the binding layer is described. By making a solution containing Al-transition metal elements-P—O, the solution can be used in slurry making (the slurry contains active materials) in certain embodiments. The slurry can be coated on Al substrate followed by heat treatment to form a novel electrode. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the solution containing Al-transition metal elements-P—O can be mixed with active material powder, after heat treatment, to form new powder particles bound by the binder.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a secondary battery, includes: a composition represented by Li4+xFe4+y(P2O7)3 (?0.80?x?0.60, ?0.30?y?0.40, and ?0.30?x+y?0.30); and tungsten, wherein the positive electrode material has a triclinic crystal structure.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention is active material particles including central particles represented by General Formula LixAyDzPO4 (0.9<x<1.1, 0<y?1, 0?z<1, and 0.9<y+z<1.1; here, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cr, and D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, and Y) and a carbonaceous film that coats surfaces of the central particles, in which a coarse particle ratio in a particle size distribution is 35% or more and 65% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing graphene directly from a non-intercalated and non-oxidized graphitic material, comprising: (a) dispersing the graphitic material in a liquid solution to form a suspension, wherein the graphitic material has never been previously exposed to chemical intercalation or oxidation; and (b) subjecting the suspension to microwave or radio frequency irradiation with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for producing graphene; wherein the liquid solution contains a metal salt dissolved in water, organic solvent, ionic liquid solvent, or a combination thereof. The method is fast (minutes as opposed to hours or days of conventional processes), environmentally benign, and highly scalable.

Abstract: A composite cathode active material includes a first cathode active material including a core including a first lithium transition metal oxide represented by Formula 1 and having a first layered crystalline phase that belongs to a R-3m space group; and a coating layer disposed on the core and including a second lithium transition metal oxide having a plurality of layered crystalline phases, wherein each layered crystalline phase of the plurality of layered crystalline phases has a different composition: LiaMO2??Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, 1.0?a?1.03; and M includes nickel and an element including a Group 4 element to a Group 13 element other than nickel.