Abstract: Provided are examples of electrochemically active electrode materials, electrodes using such materials, and methods of manufacturing such electrodes. Electrochemically active electrode materials may include a high surface area template containing a metal silicide and a layer of high capacity active material deposited over the template. The template may serve as a mechanical support for the active material and/or an electrical conductor between the active material and, for example, a substrate. Due to the high surface area of the template, even a thin layer of the active material can provide sufficient active material loading and corresponding battery capacity. As such, a thickness of the layer may be maintained below the fracture threshold of the active material used and preserve its structural integrity during battery cycling.

Abstract: Disclosed are an anode active material for secondary batteries, capable of intercalating and deintercalating ions, the anode active material including a core including a crystalline carbon-based material, and a composite coating layer including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of low crystalline carbon and amorphous carbon, and a hydrophilic material containing oxide capable of intercalating and deintercalating ions, wherein the composite coating layer includes a matrix comprising one component selected from (a) the one or more materials selected from the group consisting of low crystalline carbon and amorphous carbon and (b) the hydrophilic material containing oxide capable of intercalating and deintercalating ions, and a filler including the other component, incorporated in the matrix, and a secondary battery including the anode active material.

Abstract: A negative active material having controlled particle size distribution of silicon nanoparticles in a silicon-based alloy, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of manufacturing the negative active material are disclosed. The negative active material may improve capacity and lifespan characteristics by inhibiting (or reducing) volumetric expansion of the silicon-based alloy. The negative active material may include a silicon-based alloy including: a silicon alloy-based matrix; and silicon nanoparticles distributed in the silicon alloy-based matrix, wherein a particle size distribution of the silicon nanoparticles satisfies D10?10 nm and D90?75 nm.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

Abstract: A lithium-ion cell comprising: (A) a cathode comprising graphene as the cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon and wherein said graphene cathode is meso-porous having a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g; (B) an anode comprising an anode active material for inserting and extracting lithium, wherein the anode active material is mixed with a conductive additive and/or a resin binder to form a porous electrode structure, or coated onto a current collector in a coating or thin film form; (C) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; (D) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes; and (E) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes when the cell is made. This new Li-ion cell exhibits an unprecedentedly high energy density.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery comprising at least two electrodes, each comprising at least one metallic substrate and one material able to intercalate metallic lithium or lithium ions or which can conduct lithium ions and with which the metallic substrate can be coated, wherein the metallic substrate and the material each form a boundary layer between them; one separator which separates the electrodes from one another and with which the material of the electrodes is coated, wherein the material and the separator form respective boundary layers between them, characterized in that a layer of material comprising or consisting of graphene extends at least partially into at least one of said boundary layers.

Abstract: A secondary battery is provided with a positive electrode active material layer a containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer, and a modification material disposed at an interface between an electrolyte material and at least one electrode active material among the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, and having a higher relative permittivity than the relative permittivity of the electrolyte material.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material having a composition represented by the formula (1) LixNiyCozMtO2??(1) (wherein the element M is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ba, Al, Ti, Mn, V, Fe, Zr, and Mo and x, y, z, and t satisfy the following formulae: 0.9?x?1.2, 0?y?1.1, 0?z?1.1, and 0?t?1.1), and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material mainly containing silicon and silicon oxide, and having an absorbance of 0.01 to 0.035 at 2110±10 cm?1 according to an FT-IR method.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a first compound represented by Li3V2(PO4)3 and one or more second compounds selected from vanadium oxide and lithium vanadium phosphate.

Abstract: A negative active material, a method of preparing the negative active material and a lithium ion battery comprising the negative active material are provided. The negative active material may comprise: a core (1) composed of a carbon material; and a plurality of composite materials (2) attached to a surface of the core (1), each of which may comprise a first material (21) and a second material (22) coated on the first material (21), in which the first material (21) may be at least one selected from the elements that may form an alloy with lithium, and the second material (22) may be at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides and transition metal sulfides.

Abstract: Provided are a positive electrode active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode active material, and more particularly, a positive electrode active material in which a surface of layer-structured lithium transition metal composite oxide is coated with one or more indium-based compounds selected from the group consisting of indium oxides and alloys including indium, a method of preparing the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode active material. According to the present disclosure, degradation of cycle characteristics according to repetitive discharge of a battery may be prevented and thermal stability and rate characteristics may be improved.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium ion battery, the electrode including nanoporous silicon structures, each nanoporous silicon structure defining a multiplicity of pores, a binder, and a conductive substrate. The nanoporous silicon structures are mixed with the binder to form a composition, and the composition is adhered to the conductive substrate to form the electrode. The nanoporous silicon may be, for example, nanoporous silicon nanowires or nanoporous silicon formed by etching a silicon wafer, metallurgical grade silicon, silicon nanoparticles, or silicon prepared from silicon precursors in a plasma or chemical vapor deposition process. The nanoporous silicon structures may be coated or combined with a carbon-containing compound, such as reduced graphene oxide. The electrode has a high specific capacity (e.g., above 1000 mAh/g at current rate of 0.4 A/g, above 1000 mAh/g at a current rate of 2.0 A/g, or above 1400 mAh/g at a current rate of 1.0 A/g).

Abstract: A porous electrode for a flow battery includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer has at least one of a different catalytic property or a different permeability than the second layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a substrate includes a semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer comprises tungsten oxide particles having a first peak in a range of 268 to 274 cm?1, a second peak in a range of 630 to 720 cm?1, and a third peak in a range of 800 to 810 cm?1 in Raman spectroscopic analysis. The semiconductor layer has a thickness of 1 ?m or more. The semiconductor layer has a porosity of 20 to 80 vol %.

Abstract: A porous electrode for a flow battery includes a first layer having a first average pore size and a second layer having a second average pore size, wherein the second pore size is smaller than the first pore size.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery, containing a case and provided in the case, a positive electrode containing at least one selected from the group consisting of spinel type lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide and lithium phosphate oxide having an olivine structure, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode comprises a lithium-titanium composite oxide, wherein a crystallite diameter of the lithium-titanium composite oxide is not larger than 6.9×102 {acute over (?)}. The lithium-titanium composite oxide comprises: rutile TiO2; anatase TiO2; Li2TiO3; and a lithium titanate having a spinel structure. A main peak intensity relative to lithium titanate set at 100, as determined by X-ray diffractometry, of each of lithium titanate having a spinel structure, the rutile TiO2, the anatase TiO2 and Li2TiO3 is not larger than 7.

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved membrane for Redox Flow Batteries, in particular for Vanadium Redox Batteries and energy storage systems and applications employing the Vanadium Redox Cells and Batteries. Redox Flow Batteries involve the use of two redox couple electrolytes separated by an ion exchange membrane that is the most important cell component.

Abstract: A positive electrode material is provided including an electroactive material having one or more phases comprising lithium (Li), an electroactive metal (M), and phosphate (PO4), wherein in the fully lithiated state, the overall composition has a ratio of Li:M ranging from greater than about 1.0 to about 1.3, a ratio of (PO4):M ranging from about 1.0 to about 1.132, M is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, and at least one phase includes an olivine lithium electroactive metal phosphate. In some instances, a composite cathode material including an electroactive olivine transition metal phosphate and a lithium and phosphate rich secondary phase is disclosed for use in a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A battery management system includes one or more lithium ion cells in electrical connection, each said cell comprising: first and second working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes, each reference electrode electronically isolated from the working electrodes and having a separate tab or current collector exiting the cell and providing an additional terminal for electrical measurement; and a battery management system comprising a battery state-of-charge monitor, said monitor being operable for receiving information relating to the potential difference of the working electrodes and the potential of one or more of the working electrodes versus the reference electrode.

Abstract: A negative active material, a method for preparing the negative active material and a lithium ion battery comprising the same are provided. The negative active material may comprise: a core, an intermediate layer consisting of a first material and an outmost layer consisting of a second material, which is coated on a surface of the intermediate layer. The first material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of the elements that form alloys with lithium, and the second material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides and transition metal sulfides.

Abstract: The present technology is able to provide a solid electrolyte cell that uses a positive electrode active material which has a high ionic conductivity in an amorphous state, and a positive electrode active material which has a high ionic conductivity in an amorphous state. The solid electrolyte cell has a stacked body, in which, a positive electrode side current collector film, a positive electrode active material film, a solid electrolyte film, a negative electrode potential formation layer and a negative electrode side current collector film are stacked, in this order, on a substrate. The positive electrode active material film is made up with an amorphous-state lithium phosphate compound that contains Li; P; an element M1 selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Au, Ag, and Pd; and O, for example.

Abstract: A novel hybrid lithium-ion anode material based on coaxially coated Si shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) arrays. The unique cup-stacking graphitic microstructure makes the bare vertically aligned CNF array an effective Li+ intercalation medium. Highly reversible Li+ intercalation and extraction were observed at high power rates. More importantly, the highly conductive and mechanically stable CNF core optionally supports a coaxially coated amorphous Si shell which has much higher theoretical specific capacity by forming fully lithiated alloy. Addition of surface effect dominant sites in close proximity to the intercalation medium results in a hybrid device that includes advantages of both batteries and capacitors.

Abstract: Methods are provided for forming films of orthorhombic V2O5. Additionally provided are the orthorhombic V2O5 films themselves, as well as batteries incorporating the films as cathode materials. The methods use electrodeposition from a precursor solution to form a V2O5 sol gel on a substrate. The V2O5 gel can be annealed to provide an orthorhombic V2O5 film on the substrate. The V2O5 film can be freestanding such that it can be removed from the substrate and integrated without binders or conductive filler into a battery as a cathode element. Due to the improved intercalation properties of the orthorhombic V2O5 films, batteries formed using the V2O5 films have extraordinarily high energy density, power density, and capacity.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are provided lithium titanate particles which exhibit an excellent initial discharge capacity and an enhanced high-efficiency discharge capacity retention rate as an active substance for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and a process for producing the lithium titanate particles, and Mg-containing lithium titanate particles. The present invention relates to lithium titanate particles with a spinel structure comprising TiO2 in an amount of not more than 1.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to negative active materials for rechargeable lithium batteries including lithium titanium oxides. The lithium titanium oxide has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2? of about 0.08054° to about 0.10067° at a (111) plane (main peak, 2?=18.330°) as measured by XRD using a Cu K? ray.

Abstract: A negative active material of a negative electrode of a rechargeable lithium battery, the negative active material including a metallic active material core and a polymer, having a tensile strength of at least 40 MPa, coated on particles of the metallic active material. The polymer controls the volumetric expansion of the negative active material and enhances the cycle-life characteristics of the battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including: a positive electrode including a first active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion and a second active material capable of occluding and releasing an anion; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing a lithium ion; and an electrolyte containing a salt of a lithium ion and the anion. The second active material is a polymer having a tetrachalcogenofulvalene skeleton in a repeating unit. According to the present invention, provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved output characteristics, in particular, a pulse discharge characteristic, without a significant decrease in energy density.

Abstract: Methods for coating a metal substrate or a metal alloy with electrically conductive titania-based material. The methods produce metal components for electrochemical devices that need high electrical conductance, corrosion resistance and electrode reaction activities for long term operation at a low cost.

Abstract: A secondary cell is provided that enables cost reduction and stable operation with a simple configuration and greatly exceeds the capacity of a lithium-ion cell. In a secondary cell, a conductive first electrode is formed on a substrate. An n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer, a charging layer for charging energy, a p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer, and a second electrode are laminated. The charging layer is filled with an n-type metal oxide semiconductor of fine particles. By a photoexcited structural change phenomenon caused by ultraviolet irradiation, a new energy level is formed in a band gap of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor. An electron is captured at the newly formed energy level, thereby charging energy. The charging layer is charged by connecting a power source between the first electrode and the second electrode. It is also possible to charge energy by light, using a transparent electrode.

Abstract: Provided are separator systems for electrochemical systems providing electronic, mechanical and chemical properties useful for a variety of applications including electrochemical storage and conversion. Embodiments provide structural, physical and electrostatic attributes useful for managing and controlling dendrite formation and for improving the cycle life and rate capability of electrochemical cells including silicon anode based batteries, air cathode based batteries, redox flow batteries, solid electrolyte based systems, fuel cells, flow batteries and semisolid batteries. Disclosed separators include multilayer, porous geometries supporting excellent ion transport properties, providing a barrier to prevent dendrite initiated mechanical failure, shorting or thermal runaway, or providing improved electrode conductivity and improved electric field uniformity.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a silicon-based alloy, and has a surface roughness of about 1 to about 10 ?m and a surface roughness deviation of 5 ?m or less. A method of manufacturing the electrode includes mixing an electrode composition, milling the composition, coating the milled composition on a current collector, and drying the milled composition. A lithium secondary battery includes the electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode for a lithium battery comprising a body of carbon, such as graphitic carbon, having a layer of a Group IV element or Group IV element-containing substance disposed upon its electrolyte contacting surface. Further disclosed is an anode comprising a body of carbon having an SEI layer formed thereupon by interaction of a layer of Group IV element or Group IV element-containing substance with an electrolyte material during the initial charging of the battery.

Abstract: There is provided a lithium-transition metal oxide powder with a coating layer containing lithium niobate formed on a part or the whole part of a surface of a lithium-transition metal oxide particle and having a low powder compact resistance, and a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery containing the lithium-transition metal oxide powder. Specifically, there is provided the lithium-transition metal oxide powder composed of a lithium-transition metal oxide particle with a part or the whole part of a surface coated with a coating layer containing lithium niobate, wherein a carbon-content is 0.03 mass % or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a active material for a battery including a complex oxide containing niobium and titanium. A ratio MNb/MTi of a mole of niobium MNb to a mole of titanium MTi in the active material satisfies either the following equation (I) or (II). 0.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of making are provided for mesoporous metal oxide microspheres electrodes. The mesoporous metal oxide microsphere compositions comprise (a) microspheres with an average diameter between 200 nanometers (nm) and 10 micrometers (?m); (b) mesopores on the surface and interior of the microspheres, wherein the mesopores have an average diameter between 1 nm and 50 nm and the microspheres have a surface area between 50 m2/g and 500 m2/g. The methods of making comprise forming composite powders. The methods may also comprise refluxing the composite powders in a basic solution to form an etched powder, washing the etched powder with an acid to form a hydrated metal oxide, and heat-treating the hydrated metal oxide to form mesoporous metal oxide microspheres.

Abstract: Electrodeposition and energy storage devices utilizing an electrolyte having a surface-smoothing additive can result in self-healing, instead of self-amplification, of initial protuberant tips that give rise to roughness and/or dendrite formation on the substrate and anode surface. For electrodeposition of a first metal (M1) on a substrate or anode from one or more cations of M1 in an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution is characterized by a surface-smoothing additive containing cations of a second metal (M2), wherein cations of M2 have an effective electrochemical reduction potential in the solution lower than that of the cations of M1.

Abstract: An additive typified by tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, and tetrakis(trimethylsiloxy)titanium (Chem. 3) are applied to a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a chain carbonate and/or a chain carboxylate as a main solvent (contained at a ratio of 70 volume % or higher). It is preferable that 0?a<30 is satisfied, in which “a” denotes the volume of a cyclic carbonate among carbonates having no carbon-carbon double bond in the entire volume, defined as 100, of the carbonates having no carbon-carbon double bond and chain carboxylates in a nonaqueous solvent contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte (0<a<30 in the case no chain carboxylate is contained).

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is presented. The composition includes at least one electroactive metal; at least one alkali metal halide; and at least one additive including a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles includes tungsten carbide. An energy storage device, and a related method for the preparation of an energy storage device, are also presented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrodes for a lithium secondary battery with a high energy density and a secondary battery with a high energy density using the same. A negative electrode includes a material which can be alloyed with lithium alloy. A positive electrode is made of a transition metal oxide which can reversibly intercalate or deintercalate lithium. Here, the entire reversible lithium storage capacity of the positive electrode is greater than the capacity of lithium dischargeable from the positive electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacture an article of a cathode (positive electrode) material for lithium batteries. The cathode material is a lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide material and is prepared by mixing in a solid state an intermediate molybdenum composite transition metal oxide and a lithium source. The mixture is thermally treated to obtain the lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide cathode material.

Abstract: Composite particles for an electrode comprising LiVOPO4 particles and carbon, wherein the carbon is supported on at least a portion of the surface of the LiVOPO4 particles to form a carbon coating layer.

Abstract: A production process for lithium-silicate-based compound is characterized in that: a lithium-silicate compound is reacted with a transition-metal-element-containing substance including iron and/or manganese at from 300° C. or more to 600° C. or less within a molten salt including at least one member being selected from the group consisting of alkali-metal salts under a mixed-gas atmosphere including carbon dioxide and a reducing gas; wherein said transition-metal-element-containing substance includes a deposit that is formed by alkalifying a transition-metal-containing aqueous solution including a compound that includes iron and/or manganese. In accordance with the present production process, lithium-silicate-based compounds including silicon excessively are obtainable.

Abstract: A process for preparing a formulation comprising a carbon-deposited lithium metal phosphate, as precursor of a lithium ion battery electrode coating slurry.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a lithium battery, a positive electrode prepared from the positive electrode material, and a lithium battery including the positive electrode are disclosed. The positive electrode material includes a positive active material, an aqueous binder, and tungsten trioxide. Due to the inclusion of the positive active material, the aqueous binder, and the tungsten trioxide (WO3), the positive electrode material may substantially prevent corrosion of an aluminum substrate. The positive electrode material has high electric conductivity. Lithium batteries including positive electrodes prepared from the positive electrode material have decreased resistance of the electrode plate, high rate characteristics, and good lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-component hybrid electrode for use in an electrochemical super-hybrid energy storage device. The hybrid electrode contains at least a current collector, at least an intercalation electrode active material storing lithium inside interior or bulk thereof, and at least an intercalation-free electrode active material having a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g and storing lithium on a surface thereof, wherein the intercalation electrode active material and the intercalation-free electrode active material are in electronic contact with the current collector. The resulting super-hybrid cell exhibits exceptional high power and high energy density, and long-term cycling stability that cannot be achieved with conventional supercapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and lithium metal secondary batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery, and particularly to high-capacity cathode material, and high-energy density lithium-ion secondary battery prepared using the same. The cathode material comprises cathode active material, a binder and a conductive agent, in which the cathode active material is a compound material of lithium cobalt oxide-based active material A and nickel-based active material B pretreated before being mixed, and the mass ratio B/A of the lithium cobalt oxide-based active material A and nickel-based active material B is between 0.82 and 9. The present invention can produce a battery having both larger capacity and higher energy density, and address the problem of gas generation in the battery at high temperature.

Abstract: An anode material is based on lithium-titanium spinel that contains doping components, chromium and vanadium, in equivalent quantities, of the chemical formula Li4Ti5-2y(CryVy)O12-x, where x is the deviation from stoichiometry within the limits 0.02<x<0.5, and y is the stoichiometric coefficient within the limits 0<y<0.1. Producing the anode material involves preparation of a mixture of the initial components that contain lithium and titanium and sources of dopants, chromium and vanadium, by means of homogenization and pulverization, which is carried out until particles no greater than 0.5 ?m in size are obtained, with subsequent stepwise heat treatment of the prepared mixture in a controlled atmosphere of inert argon and reducing acetylene, at a ratio of the gases in the argon-acetylene stream from 999:1 to 750:250, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode structure for use in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a method of making such negative electrode structure. The negative electrode structure comprises: a monolithic anode comprising a semiconductor material, and a uniform ion transport structure disposed at the monolithic anode surface for contacting a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the uniform ion transport structure serves as a current collector and the negative electrode structure does not contain another current collector. The present invention also relates to a battery comprising the negative electrode structure of the present invention, a cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: An energy storage device including an active electrolyte, a first electrode and a second electrode is provided. The active electrolyte contains protons and ion pairs with a redox ability. The first electrode and the second electrode coexist in the active electrolyte and are separated from each other. The first electrode and the second electrode respectively include an active material producing a redox-reaction with the active electrolyte or an active material producing ion adsorption/desorption with the active electrolyte. The active electrolyte receives electrons from the first electrode and/or the second electrode so as to perform a redox-reaction for charge storage.

Abstract: A hybrid energy storage device includes a positive electrode comprising open-structured carbonaceous materials and at least one lithium-containing inorganic compound characterized by LixAy(DtOz), wherein Li is lithium, A is a transition metal, D is selected from the group consisting of silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten, O is oxygen, and x, y, z, t are stoichiometric representation containing real numbers constrained by 0<x?4, 1?y?2, 1?t?3, 3?z?12, wherein y, t, and z are integers; a negative electrode; and a non-aqueous, lithium-containing electrolyte.