Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell and electrolyte incorporating a linear asymmetric ether is disclosed. The ether may include EME, used in combination with DIOX and DME, or have the general structural formula R1—O—CH2—CH2—O—R2 or R1—O—CH2—CH(CH3)—O—R2, where a total of at least 7 carbon atoms must be present in the compound, and R1 and R2 consist alkyl, cyclic, aromatic or halogenated groups but cannot be the same group (i.e., R1?R2).

Abstract: A non-aqueous mixed solvent for use in a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for electrochemical energy devices which can enhance the high current charging and discharging capacity and low-temperature charging and discharging capacity of an electrochemical energy device, and prevent the device from damage at high temperatures. The solvent comprises an aprotic solvent and at least one fluorinated ether having a boiling point of 80° C. or more and being represented by R1—O—Rf1 (formula 1), R2—O—(Rf2—O)n—R3 (formula 2) or Rfh1—O-A-O—Rfh2 (formula 3). Also electrolytic solutions comprising such solvents and electrochemical energy devices containing such electrolytic solutions.

Abstract: The invention is a 1.5 volt primary electrochemical battery cell with an alkali metal lithium negative electrode (such as lithium), a positive electrode (comprising iron disulfide for example) and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte has a solute including lithium iodide dissolved in an ether-containing solvent including a 1,2-dimethoxypropane based solvent component and no more than 30 volume percent 1,2-dimethoxyethane. When 1,2-dimethoxypropane is used to replace at least most 1,2-dimethoxyethane in the solvent, the cell provides good discharge capacity at low temperature while maintaining excellent discharge capacity at room temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additive for an electrochemical cell wherein the additive includes an N—O bond. The additive is most preferably included in a nonaqueous electrolyte of the cell. Also disclosed are cells and batteries including the additive, and methods of charging the batteries and cells. An electrochemical cell including the additive preferably has an anode that includes lithium and a cathode including an electroactive sulfur-containing material.

Abstract: A non-aqueous mixture solvent for a non-aqueous electrolytic solution to be used for electrochemical energy devices, which contains an aprotic solvent, and a fluorinated ketone of the formula: (wherein Rf1 and Rf2 each independently represents a fluorinated aliphatic group, or Rf1 and Rf2 together form a cyclic group, Q represents a fluorinated or non-fluorinated alkylene group or a bond, and n represents 0 or 1), and an electrolytic solution containing the mixture solvent.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte having maleimide additives and rechargeable cells employing the same are provided. The nonaqueous electrolyte having maleimide additives comprises an alkali metal electrolyte, a nonaqueous solvent, and maleimide additives. Specifically, the maleimide additives comprise maleimide monomer, bismaleimide monomer, bismaleimide oligomer, or mixtures thereof. The maleimide additives comprise functional groups, such as a maleimide double bond, phenyl group carboxyl, or imide, enhancing the charge-discharge efficiency, safety, thermal stability, chemical stability, flame-resistance, and lifespan of the secondary cells of the invention.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, the organic solvent including one or more of a carbonate-based solvent, an ester-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, and/or a ketone-based solvent, a lithium salt, and a hexafluoroacetylacetone in an amount of about 0.02 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: Electrolytes containing lithium-bis(oxalato)borate, a cyclic carbonate, one or more compounds selected from acrylic carbonates, aliphatic esters, alicyclic ethers and aliphatic, difunctional ethers, one or more compounds selected from lactones, dinitriles, compounds that contain at least one carboxylic acid ester group and an ether group, compounds that contain at least one carbonic acid group and an ether group, compounds that contain at least one nitrile group and an ether group, trialkyl phosphoric acid esters and trialkyl boric acids.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to at least partially replacing PC and/or DME with a linear carbonate, preferably dimethyl carbonate, and a linear mono-ether, the most preferred being diisopropyl ether, in electrolytes useful for activating alkali metal-containing cells. This electrolyte has improved conductivity and provides electrochemical cells with enhanced discharge performance. A most preferred electrolyte comprises 1,2-dimethoxyethane, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diisopropyl ether.

Abstract: An electrolyte containing calcium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide [Ca((CF3SO2)2N)2] for a nonaqueous battery. The calcium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide is soluble in an organic solvent and a molten salt having a melting point of not greater than 60° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur-containing cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent. In the fully charged state of the cell the concentration of lithium ions is preferably less than 0.3 M. The cell delivers high discharge capacity at discharge rates, for example, C/5, over temperatures ranges of from +25° C. to −20° C. Also disclosed is a battery including an electrochemical cell according to the invention and a device that utilizes such a battery to derive power.

Abstract: The minimization or elimination of swelling in lithium cells containing CFx as part of the cathode electrode and discharged under high rate applications is described. When CFx materials are synthesized from fibrous carbonaceous materials, in comparison to petroleum coke, cell swelling is greatly reduced, and in some cases eliminated. Preferred precursors are carbon fibers and MCMB.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention improves the performance of lithium electrochemical cells by providing a new electrode assembly based on a sandwich cathode design, but termed a double screen sandwich cathode electrode design. In particular, the present invention uses sandwich cathode electrodes which are, in turn, sandwiched between two half double screen sandwich cathode electrodes, either in a prismatic plate or serpentine-like electrode assembly. In a jellyroll electrode assembly, the cell is provided in a case-positive design and the outside round of the electrode assembly is a half double screen sandwich cathode electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode electrode containing a lithium complex oxide; an anode electrode containing metal lithium or its alloy, or carbon material; and a nonaqueous organic electrolyte containing a nonaqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt and an aromatic ether that can react to form dimers or polymers above a certain temperature and voltage and that can be expressed by Formula 1 below: wherein, R1 is independently a single bond or an alkylene group with less than or equal to 2 carbons and R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with less than or equal to 2 carbons. The lithium secondary battery has the advantage that its characteristics are maintained, even if it is left in its fully charged state at a high temperature for a long time and, at the same time, its reliability and stability have been improved.

Abstract: An anhydrous inorganic gel-polymer electrolyte is prepared using a non-aqueous sol-gel process. The inorganic gel-polymer is prepared by reacting a metal halide (SiCl4) and an alcohol (tert-butyl alcohol) in a diluent solution containing a lithium salt (lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide) and at least one carbonate. The resulting porous silicon oxide network encapsulates the liquid electrolyte. The gel polymer electrolyte can serve as both a separator and an electrolyte in a Li-ion cell. The material is stable and has demonstrated minimal flammability. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells made with the inorganic gel-polymer electrolyte function similarly to Li-ion cells made with a liquid electrolyte. The cells have low capacity fade, 0.69%, and low irreversible capacity, 7.6%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), &ggr;-butyrolactone (BL), and a fourth component, which is a solvent other than the EC, PC and BL, and the mixing ratio x (% by volume) of EC based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent falls within a range of between 15 and 50, the mixing ratio y (% by volume) of PC based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent falls within a range of between 2 and 35, the mixing ratio z (% by volume) of BL based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent falls within a range of between 30 and 85, and the mixing ratio p (% by volume) of the fourth component based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent is larger than 0 and is not larger than 5.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp or sp2)-C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group.

Abstract: The lithium secondary battery of this invention uses a nonaqueous electrolyte including lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate as a part or whole of an electrolytic salt. As a result, the lithium secondary battery exhibits better charge-discharge cycle performance than a lithium secondary battery using a conventional lithium salt as the electrolytic salt.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp or sp2)-C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group.

Abstract: An autoclavable elctrochemical cell which may be used in an implantable medical device. The anode active material is lithium or other material from groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table and having a melting point greater than about 150 degrees C. The cathode active material is silver vanadium oxide or other metal oxide or carbon monofluoride. The solvent for the electrolyte has a boiling point greater than about 100 degrees C. and a dielectric constant greater than about 5 so that the cell may be dimensionally and chemically stable during repeated exposures of about one hour each to the autoclaving temperatures.

Abstract: An electrolyte solvent system for use in electrochemical cells in which the electrolyte solvent system consists essentially of a dioxolane-based solvent and a dimethoxyethane-based solvent in a weight ratio of about 1:3. Also disclosed are electrolyte solutions and electrochemical cells comprising such a solvent system.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte for an electrochemical cell is prepared by a sol-gel process in which an active metal ion conducting liquid electrolyte, e.g. a lithium-ion electrolyte, containing a salt which is stable in the presence of water, e.g. lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, is admixed in aqueous solution with an alkoxide, e.g. silica alkoxide, to form a liquid precursor which is added to the electrochemical cell between the anode and cathode thereof and allowed to solidify in situ to form the solid electroyte.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp2 or sp3 )—C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group, or a silyl sulfate or a tin sulfate.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of hydrogen fluoride to the nonaqueous electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and hydrogen fluoride having LiAsF.sub.6 or LiPF.sub.6 dissolved therein.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one dicarbonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl dicarbonate additive.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell containing a cathode comprising silver vanadium oxide and an anode comprising lithium is disclosed that includes an improved electrolyte composition having the solvents propylene carbonate and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and an additional third solvent that reduces the solubility of the composition of the silver vanadium cathode material. Preferably, the third solvent is a dialkyl carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethylmethyl carbonate. The improved electrolyte composition reduces the build up of resistance in the cell during cell discharge, and may affect the cell's performance in implantable cardiac defibrillator applications. The cell of the present invention may include a hybrid cathode containing a mixture of silver vanadium oxide and carbon monofluoride (CF.sub.x).

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor including electrodes made of carbon material as the main component, and an electrolyte capable of forming an electric double layer at the interface with the electrodes, wherein the electrolyte includes an organic type mixed solvent containing propylene carbonate and an asymmetrical chain carbonic acid ester represented by the general formula R.sup.1 OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are mutually different monovalent organic groups, and a solute comprising a quaternary onium salt.

Abstract: The safety of secondary lithium cells is remarkedly enhanced when partially fluorinated ethers of the formulaeRO--?(CH.sub.2).sub.m O!.sub.n --CF.sub.2 --CFH--X (I)and/orX--CFH--CF.sub.2 O--?(CH.sub.2).sub.m O!.sub.n --CF.sub.2 --CFH--X(II)are being used, wherein R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms, X is fluorine, chlorine or a perfluoroalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may also contain ethereal oxygen, m is an integer from 2 to 6 and n is an integer from 1 to 8. Preferred are compounds of the formula (I), wherein R is a methyl group, X is fluorine, m is 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 3 and also compounds of the formula (II), wherein m is 2 and n is an integer from 1 to 3.