Abstract: A product includes an aerogel having a single bulk structure, the single bulk structure having at least one dimension greater than 10 millimeters. The single bulk structure includes a plurality of pores, where each pore has a largest diameter defined as a greatest distance between pore walls of the respective pore. In addition, an average of the largest diameters of a majority of the pores is within a specified range, and the plurality of pores are distributed substantially homogenously throughout the single bulk structure.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a control device. The control device stops an operation of a flow path switching valve simultaneously with limiting output of a fuel cell when an authentication of a mobile device is performed.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power. [Solution] A cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte layer 9, a fuel electrode layer 8 on one of the main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 9, and an oxygen electrode layer 10 on the other. The oxygen electrode layer 10 contains a plurality of pores, and the pore size distribution observed at a section of the oxygen electrode layer has at least three peaks (a first peak p1, a second peak p2 and a third peak p3). This structure leads to a cell, a cell stack, an electrochemical module and an electrochemical apparatus that can suppress decrease in output power.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a method to control sizes of core-shell nanoparticles comprising the steps of: manufacturing slurry by irradiating ultrasonic waves to a dispersion solution containing a reducing solvent, a carbon support, a transition metal precursor and a precious metal precursor; manufacturing a solid by filtering the manufactured slurry, followed by washing and drying; and manufacturing a nanoparticle of a transition metal core and a platinum shell by heat-treating the dried solid at a temperature of 450 to 900° C. and a pressure of 1 to 90 bar for 0.5 to 10 hours under N2 atmosphere.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for preparing carbon nanostructure sheets are provided. The apparatuses may include a casting body including a substrate configured to move along a first direction, a slurry reservoir configured to contain a slurry, a dispenser connected to the slurry reservoir and configured to dispense the slurry onto a surface of the substrate and a doctoring member that extends in a second direction traversing the first direction and that is positioned above the surface of the substrate. The slurry may include carbon nanostructures, and/or one or more functional materials. The doctoring member may be spaced apart from the surface of the substrate by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction single cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr and at least one of Y, Sc, and Ca, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, a cathode containing Sr and Co and disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. In the electrochemical reaction single cell, an SrZrO3 integrated value calculated by a predetermined method is 600 to 10,300. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction single cells.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiAu. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: A nanostructured electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a fuel cell including the nanostructured electrode are provided. The nanostructured electrode includes: a three-dimensional nanostructure including a nanoporous aerogel and an ionomer surrounding the surface of the aerogel; and a catalyst dispersed in the three-dimensional nanostructure. The electrode can obtain excellent current density and power density even with a relatively small amount of catalyst by having improved catalyst performance due to nanostructuring of an ionomer, uniform catalyst dispersion and increased catalyst utilization ratio, can also obtain a price reduction effect through a decrease in the amount of catalyst used, and is excellent in the mass transfer efficiency and low humidification performance.

Abstract: A cathode for fuel cells includes a carbon support, a platinum catalyst supported on the carbon support and an ionomer surrounding the carbon support and the platinum catalyst, wherein the ionomer is removed from the surface of the platinum catalyst. The cathode for fuel cells has a structure in which an ionomer film coating the surface of the platinum catalyst and thus acting as oxygen transfer resistance is removed from the surface of the platinum catalyst and, thus, mass transfer resistance (oxygen diffusion resistance) may be reduced and performance of a fuel cell may be improved. Further, the cathode having a low amount of platinum used due to improvement in platinum utilization may effectively execute oxygen transfer and thus increase the amount of platinum participating in catalysis, as compared to conventional cathodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of preparing a carbon-silicon composite electrode material including silicon nanoparticles and an inverse opal-structured porous carbon structure, the carbon-silicon composite electrode material prepared by the method, and a secondary battery including the carbon-silicon composite electrode material.

Abstract: A cathode includes: a porous carbon structure including a carbon nanostructure, wherein the porous carbon structure includes small-diameter pores having an average diameter of about 25 nanometers to about 200 nanometers, and large-diameter pores having an average diameter of greater than 200 nanometers to about 1.6 micrometers.

Abstract: A graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid electrode material and a method of manufacture are disclosed. The hybrid nanostructured electrode is applicable to use in advanced rechargeable energy storage and power sources. Thin hybrid anodes consisting of doped, low electrical resistivity, well-interconnected CNT sheet material with deposited high defect structure graphene nanoparticles provide a battery with high specific energy battery and pulse power capabilities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low friction member having seaweed-type nanotubes, the nanotubes which protrude like seaweed on the surface of a base material being concentrated in the moving direction of a sliding member, thereby improving the fluidity of a liquid lubricant, thus enabling the effective reduction of surface friction. Such present invention comprises: a base material which has a plurality of dimples formed on the surface thereof so as to reduce friction occurring due to the surface contact of a sliding member; a fixing material which is filled inside the dimples; nanotubes which are buried in the fixing material and protrude to the outside by means of the surface processing of the fixing material; and a liquid lubricant which is coated on the surface of the base material, wherein, as the protruding nanotubes become concentrated in the moving direction of the sliding member, the fluidity of the liquid lubricant is improved, thereby enabling the effective reduction of surface friction.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an electrochemical cell is provided. The electrochemical cell may include a first electrode including a first metal oxide layer, the first layer having a first surface. The electrochemical cell may further include a second electrode including a second metal oxide layer, the second layer having a second surface, the second layer parallel to the first layer. The electrochemical cell may also include an electrolyte in direct physical contact with the first electrode and the second electrode. The first surface may be in direct physical contact to the second surface.

Abstract: To provide a lithium-ion secondary battery having higher discharge capacity and higher energy density and a manufacturing method thereof. The lithium-ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer provided over the positive electrode current collector. In the positive electrode active material layer, graphenes and lithium-containing composite oxides are alternately provided. The lithium-containing composite oxide is a flat single crystal particle in which the length in the b-axis direction is shorter than each of the lengths in the a-axis direction and the c-axis direction.

Abstract: To provide electrode catalyst (core-shell catalyst) having an excellent catalyst activity which contributes to lower the cost of the PEFC. The electrode catalyst has catalyst particles supported an a support. The catalyst particle has a core part containing simple Pd and a shell part containing simple Pt. A percentage RC (atom %) of the carbon of the support and a percentage RPd (atom %) of the simple Pd in an analytical region near a surface measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) satisfy the conditions of the following equation (1): 2.15?[100×RPd/(RPd+RC)].

Abstract: Supported, bimetallic catalyst systems are provided. The supported, bimetallic catalyst system can include a support defining a surface; a core metal positioned on the surface of the support; and a shell metal positioned on the core metal to form a core-shell particle on the surface of the support. The core metal has a surface free energy that is higher than a surface free energy of the shell metal. Methods are also provided for the formation of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems, as well as the use of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems in chemical processes.

Abstract: A method for controlling an air blower of a fuel cell vehicle includes operating the air blower with a low limit revolutions per minute (RPM), which is calculated based on a vehicle hill-climbing gradient during hill-climbing, without regenerative braking. Accordingly, when reacceleration and additional acceleration are required during hill climbing of the fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle ensures high responsibility and launching characteristics.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles that each include a carbon support and a layer disposed around the carbon support. The layer is selected from a metal carbide, metal oxycarbide, and combinations thereof. A catalytic material is disposed on the layers of the support particles.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes an active material layer, and the active material layer has pores having a pore size of 0.1 ?m or more and 1.0 ?m or less, and a total volume of the pores is 0.26 cm3/g or more and 0.46 cm3/g or less.

Abstract: A gel film or an isolated gel film comprising sheets of graphene or chemically converted graphene at least partially separated by a dispersion medium, such as water, and arranged in a substantially planar manner to form an electrically conductive matrix.

Abstract: A composite including: a carbonaceous material; and a solid solution including a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: An electrical cell apparatus includes a first current collector made of a multiplicity of fibers, a second current collector spaced from the first current collector; and a separator disposed between the first current collector and the second current collector. The fibers are contained in a foam.

Abstract: In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid oxide fuel cell is described. The solid oxide fuel cell includes a hierarchically porous cathode support having an impregnated cobaltite cathode deposited thereon, an electrolyte, and an anode support. The anode support includes hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst deposited thereon, wherein the cathode support, electrolyte, and anode support are joined together and wherein the solid oxide fuel cell operates a temperature of 600° C. or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing metal-supported carbon, which includes supporting metal microparticles on the surface of carbon black, by a liquid-phase reduction method, in a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, as well as a method for producing crystals comprising fullerene molecules and fullerene nanowhisker/nanofiber nanotubes, which includes uniformly stirring and mixing a solution containing a first solvent having fullerene dissolved therein, and a second solvent in which fullerene is less soluble than in the first solvent, in a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other.

Abstract: High surface area electrodes formed using sol-gel derived monoliths as electrode substrates or electrode templates, and methods for making high surface area electrodes are described. The high surface area electrodes may have tunable pore sizes and well-controlled pore size distributions. The high surface area electrodes may be used as electrodes in a variety of energy storage devices and systems such as capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes: (1) an anode; (2) a cathode; and (3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. At least one of the anode and the cathode includes an electro-catalyst dispersed on a hybrid support, the hybrid support includes a first, carbon-based support and a second support different from the first, carbon-based support, and a weight percentage of the second support is at least 10% relative to a combined weight of the first, carbon-based support and the second support.

Abstract: A method of fabricating composite filaments is provided. An initial composite filament including a core and a cladding (such as a Pt-group metal) is cut into smaller pieces (or is first mechanically reduced and then cut into smaller pieces). The smaller pieces of the filaments are inserted into a metal matrix, and the entire structure is then further reduced mechanically in a series of reduction steps. The process can be repeated until the desired cross sectional dimension of the filaments is achieved. The matrix can then be chemically removed to isolate the final composite filaments with the cladding thickness down to the nanometer range. The process allows the organization and integration of filaments of different sizes, compositions, and functionalities into arrays suitable for various applications.

Abstract: A method of preparing catalytic materials comprising depositing platinum or non-platinum group metals, or alloys thereof on a porous oxide support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing nanoporous Pt/TiO2 composite particles, nanoporous Pt/TiO2 composite particles prepared by the above preparation method, and a fuel cell comprising the nanoporous Pt/TiO2 composite particles. The nanoporous Pt/TiO2 composite particles according to the present invention have a catalytic effect similar to that of commercially available Pt/carbon black and, thus, can be applied to a fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode additive for a fuel cell and a synthesis method thereof. A synthesis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: producing a metal salt solution by dissolving metal salt in a solvent such as ethylene glycol; producing a carbon-metal salt suspension by distributing carbon in the metal salt solution; heating and cooling the carbon-metal salt suspension and then filtering out the carbon-supported metal powder; cleansing and drying the carbon-supported metal powder; and obtaining carbon-supported metal oxide powder by performing heat treatment on the carbon-supported metal powder at about 300-1000° C. by exposure to water vapor.

Abstract: A catalyst consisting of structurally ordered mesoporous carbon containing a transition metal and a method for preparing the same are provided. The method for preparing the catalyst includes forming a mixture of a carbon precursor and structurally ordered mesoporous silica, carbonizing the mixture to form a composite, and removing mesoporous silica from the composite.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices are provided that include a coated inner carbon nanotube electrode that has an exterior surface, an outer carbon nanotube electrode disposed on the exterior surface of the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode, and an overlap region in which the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode and the outer carbon nanotube electrode overlap one another, in which the device has a fiber-like geometry and first and second electrode ends. Methods are provided for fabricating an electrical component that includes a flexible electrical component having a fiber-like geometry and includes carbon nanotube electrodes.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte layer partitioning the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer and the cathode layer are of about the same thickness and have about the same coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst support includes a fluoride-doped metal oxide/phosphate support structure and a catalyst layer, supported on such fluoride-doped support structure. In one example, the support structure is a sub-stechiometric titanium oxide and/or indium-tin oxide (ITO) partially coated or mixed with a fluoride-doped metal oxide or metal phosphate. In another example, the support structure is fluoride-doped and mixed with at least one of low surface carbon, boron-doped diamond, carbides, borides, and silicides.

Abstract: Fuel cell devices and systems are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices include a ceramic support structure having a length, a width, and a thickness. A reaction zone positioned along a portion of the length is configured to be heated to an operating reaction temperature, and has at least one active layer therein comprising an electrolyte separating first and second opposing electrodes, and active first and second gas passages adjacent the respective first and second electrodes. At least one cold zone positioned from the first end along another portion of the length is configured to remain below the operating reaction temperature. An artery flow passage extends from the first end along the length through the cold zone and into the reaction zone and is fluidicly coupled to the active first gas passage, which extends from the artery flow passage toward at least one side. The thickness of the artery flow passage is greater than the thickness of the active first gas passage.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for fuel cell, a method of preparing the electrode catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The electrode catalyst includes a crystalline catalyst particle incorporating a precious metal having oxygen reduction activity and a Group 13 element, where the Group 13 element is present in a unit lattice of the crystalline catalyst particle.

Abstract: The present invention, in part, relates to a carbon black having a) a nitrogen BET surface area (BET) of from about 600 m2/g to about 2100 m2/g, b) a CDBP value in mL/100 g of from about (?2.8+(b*BET)) to about (108+(b*BET)), where b is 0.087 and BET is expressed in m2/g, and c) an apparent density (p, g/cm3) of at least about 0.820+q*BET, where q=?2.5×10?4, as determined at a compressive force (P) of 200 kgf/cm2 on dry carbon black powder. Energy storage devices, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC's), containing the carbon black are also disclosed. Methods for making the carbon blacks and EDLC's made with them are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) including a porous fuel electrode which allows reaction of a fuel gas to proceed and which is formed of Ni and YSZ, a porous air electrode which allows reaction of an oxygen-containing gas to proceed, and a dense solid electrolyte membrane which is provided between the fuel electrode and the air electrode and which has an interface with the fuel electrode. In the fuel electrode, Ni grains present in a region located within 3 ?m from the interface (i.e., a “near-interface region”) have a mean size of 0.28 to 0.80 ?m, YSZ grains present in the near-interface region have a mean size of 0.28 to 0.80 ?m, and pores present in the near-interface region have a mean size of 0.10 to 0.87 ?m. Thus, the fuel electrode of the SOFC exhibits low reaction resistance.

Abstract: A process is provided for etching a silicon-containing substrate. In the process, the surface of the substrate is cleaned. A film of alumina is deposited on the cleaned substrate surface. A silver film is deposited above the film of alumina. An etchant comprising HF is contacted with the silver film.

Abstract: There is provided a metal fine particle association suitably applied to an electrode catalyst to achieve even higher output leading to reduction in amount of the catalyst used, and a process for producing the same, that is, a metal fine particle association including a plurality of metal fine particles that have a mean particle diameter of 1 nm to 10 nm and are associated to form a single assembly, an association mixture including the metal fine particle association and a conductive support; a premix for forming an association, including metal fine particles, a metal fine particle dispersant made of a hyperbranched polymer, and a conductive support; and a method for producing the association mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerogel based on doped graphene, a method for producing said aerogel and the use of said aerogel, for example, as an electrode or a catalyst. Furthermore, the present invention relates to electrodes, all solid-state supercapacitors (ASSS) or catalysts based on said aerogel. The present invention also relates to doped graphene, which can be obtained as an intermediate in the production of the aerogel based on doped graphene using graphene oxide as starting material.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode catalyst substrate is provided herein, which comprises a carbon film forming step of forming a porous carbon film on a base, a hydrophilization step of hydrophilizing the porous carbon film, an immersion step of immersing the base in a solution prepared by dissolving catalytic metal ions in a polar solvent, and a reduction step of adding a reducing agent to the solution and thus reducing the catalytic metal ions. An electrode catalyst substrate obtained by the method and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in which the electrode catalyst obtained by the method is used for anodes and/or cathodes are also provided herein. In the electrode catalyst of the present invention, fine catalyst particles are loaded in a uniform and highly dispersed manner.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell that secures a flow path of a separator while preventing generation of a pin-hole. The membrane electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a microporous layer that is disposed at both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, a backing layer that is disposed on the microporous layer, and a circumferential edge protective layer that is disposed at an circumferential edge of the electrolyte membrane. An end portion of the microporous layer is positioned further inside of the membrane electrode assembly than an end portion of the backing layer. The circumferential edge protective layer is inserted between the backing layer and the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mesoporous graphitic particles having a loading of sintering-stable metal nanoparticles for fuel cells and further electrochemical applications, for example as constituent of layers in electrodes of fuel cells and batteries.

Abstract: A carbon black sheet with a thin layer of metal nanoparticles is provided by pulse electroplating, which allows metal nanoparticles such as platinum to be uniformly dispersed on a carbon black layer and is very thin, enhancing the efficiency of a metal catalyst such as platinum. The process is also used to form a polymer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel electrode doubling as a support of a solid oxide fuel cell that hardly deteriorates conductivity and strength thereof through repetitive exposure to reducing atmosphere/oxidizing atmosphere. The fuel electrode doubling as the support of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention includes: a porous structure formed of first oxide particles having a 10% cumulative particle diameter between 5 ?m and 12 ?m and a 90% cumulative particle diameter between 84 ?m and 101 ?m; and electrode particles having an electrode catalytic activity that cover a surface in a gap of the porous structure and have a surface covered with second oxide particles by 10% to 70%.

Abstract: The invention provides catalysts that are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential, have excellent durability and show high oxygen reducing ability. In a process of producing fuel cell electrodes containing a metal oxide and an electron conductive substance, the process includes steps in which a sugar is applied and carbonized on a support layer supporting the metal oxide and the electron conductive substance.

Abstract: An improved catalyst support can be provided by a process for producing a carbon fiber composite which comprises: a step of subjecting metal fine particles of either at least one metal or a compound containing the metal to reductive deposition on fine cellulose having carboxyl groups on the crystal surface to make a composite composed of both the fine cellulose and the metal fine particles; and a step of carbonizing the fine cellulose of the composite to prepare a carbon fiber composite. The invention also relates to a carbon fiber composite made by the process, a catalyst support, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Abstract: A composite electrode structure and methods of making and using thereof are disclosed. The structure has a metal substrate with a metal oxide layer. The average thickness of the metal oxide layer is less than 150 nm, and comprises at least a first metal and a second metal, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different elements. A plurality of carbon nanotubes is disposed on a first surface of the metal oxide layer. At least a portion of the carbon nanotubes are disposed such that one end of the carbon nanotube is positioned at least 5 nm below the surface of the metal oxide layer.