Abstract: A catalyst member comprising a blended mixture of nano-scale metal particles compressed with larger metal particles and sintered to form a structurally stable member of any desired shape. The catalyst member can be used in one of many different applications; for example, as an electrode in a fuel cell or in an electrolysis device to generate hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a solid oxide fuel cell is described. The method includes synthesizing a composition having a perovskite present therein. The method further includes applying the composition on an electrolyte support to form an anode and applying Ni to the composition on the anode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite electrode material having a carbon base material and iron oxide particles mainly containing Fe3O4 and being supported on the carbon base material and the particles have a D90 of 50 nm or less. In the composite electrode material, since the particle size of the iron oxide particles mainly containing Fe3O4 serving as an active material is small, the electron conductivity of the composite electrode material is not considerably reduced even when being covered with a Fe(OH)2 layer as a reactive intermediate for an electrode reaction. Thus, when the composite electrode material is used, an iron negative electrode having sufficient electron conductivity and charge-discharge cycle characteristics is provided. A negative electrode including the composite electrode material is favorably used as a negative electrode for a metal-air battery.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for metal air batteries including a composite anode are generally disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell including a support and a catalyst layer formed on the support, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a supported catalyst and a polyurethane-based compound, wherein all or some of the polyurethane-based compound is synthesized from a polyol monomer where some or all of the polyol monomer is a polyol monomer that contains a phosphonyl group; a method of preparing the same; and a fuel cell including the same. The electrode for a fuel cell has excellent ion conductivity because it maintains stability at high temperature operation, and is capable of retaining phosphoric acid effectively even at high temperatures. A fuel cell can be prepared by using the electrode where the fuel cell can operate under these conditions of high temperature above 100° C. and no humidity and shows improved performance for generating electricity.

Abstract: A substantially crack-free electrode layer is described. The substantially crack-free electrode layer includes a substrate; and a substantially crack-free electrode layer on the substrate, the electrode layer comprising a catalyst, an ionomer, and a layered silicate reinforcement. Methods of making the electrode layer, electrode ink compositions, and membrane electrode assemblies incorporating the electrode layer are also described.

Abstract: A gas diffusion substrate includes a non-woven network of carbon fibres, the carbon fibres are graphitised but the non-woven network has not been subjected to a graphitisation process. A mixture of graphitic particles and hydrophobic polymer is disposed within the network. The longest dimension of at least 90% of the graphitic particles is less than 100 ?m. A process for manufacturing gas diffusion substrates includes depositing a slurry of graphitised carbon fibres onto a porous bed forming a wet fibre network, preparing a suspension of graphitic particles and hydrophobic polymer, applying onto, and pulling the suspension into, the network, and drying and firing the network. Another process includes mixing a first slurry of graphitic particles and hydrophobic polymer with a second slurry of graphitised carbon fibres and liquid forming a third slurry, depositing the third slurry onto a porous bed forming a fibre-containing layer, and drying and firing the layer.

Abstract: A catalyst structure for an electrochemical cell includes a catalyst support structure, catalyst particles and an outer carbide film The catalyst particles are deposited on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film is formed on the catalyst support structure. The outer carbide film surrounds the catalyst particles.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated membrane that includes an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer, and a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, a peripheral area of at least one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer is provided with a decrease portion in which the mass of the electrode catalyst per unit area of the catalyst layer decreases from the inner side toward the outer side.

Abstract: A fuel cell component is made with a composite including a proton conducting polymer, a water insoluble proton conducting inorganic material, and a heteropolyacid immobilized by chemically bonding to the inorganic material. In another embodiment, the fuel cell component is made with a composite including a non-proton conducting polymer, a water insoluble inorganic material, and a heteropolyacid immobilized by chemically bonding to the inorganic material, the heteropolyacid causing the composite to show proton conductivity. In a further embodiment, the fuel cell component is made with a composite comprising a proton conducting polymer, a water insoluble proton conducting inorganic material, and a heteropolyacid immobilized by chemically bonding to the inorganic material, the composite having substantially identical structure of the unmodified heteropolyacid.

Abstract: This invention intends to improve the catalyst efficiency by sufficiently providing a triple phase boundary where reaction gas, catalysts, and electrolytes meet in carbon nanohorns. With the utilization of the resulting MEA, the electrode reactions are allowed to effectively proceed, and the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell is improved to result in a solid polymer fuel cell with excellent properties. Such solid polymer fuel cell comprises electrodes having a catalyst layer comprising: a carrier comprising a carbon nanohorn aggregate; catalytic metals supported on the carrier comprising a carbon nanohorn aggregate; and polymer electrolytes coating the carrier comprising a carbon nanohorn aggregate, wherein the proportion of the polymer electrolyte to the carbon nanohorn aggregate is 0.32:1 to 0.70:1 by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a solid oxide fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The solid oxide fuel cell includes: an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte layer interposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer, wherein the anode layer includes: a conductive material; yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ); and an oxide compound for forming a solid solution with the yttria stabilized zirconia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to SiC nanostructures, including SiC nanopowder, SiC nanowires, and composites of SiC nanopowder and nanowires, which can be used as catalyst supports in membrane electrode assemblies and in fuel cells. The present invention also relates to composite catalyst supports comprising nanopowder and one or more inorganic nanowires for a membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: A method comprises creating an electrode by depositing alternating first and second layers on a substrate, and using the electrode to make a solid oxide fuel cell. The first layer comprises a metal, and the second layer comprises a non-metal, for example a ceramic material. The substrate may be moved between a first region containing the metal and substantially free of the non-metal, and a second region containing the non-metal and substantially free of the metal. The composition of the metal and/or the non-metal may be varied along the thickness of the layers. The deposited layers may be heated. A fuel cell may have a fuel cell electrode that comprises a substrate, and alternating first and second layers deposited on the substrate, where the first layer includes a metal and the second layer includes a non-metal. The fuel cell may be a solid oxide fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell having a gradient structure in which pore size becomes gradually smaller from a porous electrode to an electrolyte thin film in order to form a dense electrolyte thin film of less than about 2 microns and preferably less than 1 micron on the porous electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a nanocomposite for the catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode including: a carbon nanofiber; and metal catalyst particles uniformly applied to the surface of the carbon nanofiber, wherein the carbon nanofiber has a surface oxygen content of at least 0.03 calculated by the formula: Oxygen content=[atomic percentage of oxygen/atomic percentage of carbon] using atomic percentages of oxygen and carbon, respectively calculated from an area of an oxygen peak having a binding energy of 524 to 540 eV, an area of a nitrogen peak having a binding energy of 392 to 404 eV, and an area of a carbon peak having a binding energy of 282 to 290 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocomposite according to the present invention has high surface oxygen content and has metal catalyst nano particles densely and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the carbon fibers, thereby having high electrochemical efficiency. Thus, efficiency of fuel cells can be improved using the nanocomposite.

Abstract: A catalyst support for an electrochemical system includes a high surface area refractory material core structure and boron-doped diamond. The BDD modifies the high surface area refractory material core structure.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises a particulate support and catalyst nanoparticles on the particulate support. The catalyst nanoparticles comprise an alloy of platinum and palladium in an atomic ratio of from about 25:75 to about 75:25 and are present in a concentration of between about 3 and about 10 wt % weight percent of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition has an X-ray diffraction pattern that is substantially free of the (311) diffraction peak assignable to PtxPd1-x, where 0.25?x?0.75.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst for a fuel cell, which simultaneously realizes excellent catalytic activity and catalytic stability. The catalyst for a fuel cell comprises a fine particle of a metal represented by formula: PtxRuySizT1u wherein T1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), and molybdenum (Mo); x=30 to 90 atomic %; y=0 to 50 atomic %; z=0.5 to 20 atomic %; and u=0.5 to 40 atomic %, or comprises a fine particle of a metal represented by formula: PtxRuySizT2u wherein T2 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), and aluminum (Al); x=30 to 90 atomic %; y=0 to 50 atomic %; z=0.5 to 20 atomic %; and u=0.5 to 40 atomic %.

Abstract: A chemically linked catalyst-binder hydrogel material comprised of a water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is useful in, for example, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors, semi-fuel cells etc. The water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is prepared by a chemical cross-linking reaction between a polymer (such as PVA or chitosan or gelatin) and an aqueous cross-linking agent such as glutaraldehyde, which is catalyzed by protic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: An electrode comprising a primary and secondary metal nanoparticle coating on a metallic substrate is prepared by dispersing nanoparticles in a solvent and layering them onto the substrate, followed by heating. The enhanced surface area of the electrode due to the catalytic nanoparticles is dramatically enhanced, allowing for increased reaction efficiency. The electrode can be used in one of many different applications; for example, as an electrode in an electrolysis device to generate hydrogen and oxygen, or a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate; a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer. The present invention also provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate, a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing: at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh and/or at least one oxide of said platinum group metals; and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum series metals, valve metals, iron series metals and silver and/or at least one oxide of said metals; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell, wherein one of the electrodes of the fuel cell or an electrically conductive carrier, on which this electrode is applied, is designed as stabilizing substrate (1), in which multiple tubular hollows with preferably round, oval and/or square cross sections and with at least one open end are arranged, wherein the hollows are coated with at least an electrolyte (2) and at least the other, second electrode (3) of the fuel cell, and wherein at least one constructional element, hereinafter also denoted as constructional feature, is arranged on or at and/or integrated into the substrate, said constructional element being adapted for the integration of the fuel cell into a reactor.

Abstract: Provided is a porous electrode substrate having high mechanical strength, good handling properties, high thickness precision, little undulation, and adequate gas permeability and conductivity. Also provided is a method for producing a porous electrode substrate at low costs. A porous electrode substrate is produced by joining short carbon fibers (A) via mesh-like of carbon fibers (B) having an average diameter of 4 ?m or smaller. Further provided are a membrane-electrode assembly and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that use this porous electrode membrane. A porous electrode substrate is obtained by subjecting a precursor sheet, in which short carbon fibers (A) and short carbon fiber precursors (b) having an average diameter of 5 ?m or smaller have been dispersed, to carbonization treatment after optional hot press forming and optional oxidization treatment.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode is provided. The method includes providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon; providing a transfer substrate with an adjacent adhesive layer; adhering the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adjacent to the adhesive layer to form a composite structure; removing the carrying substrate from the composite structure; and removing the transfer substrate from the composite structure to form the stand-alone nanostructured thin catalytic film comprising the adhesive layer with the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adhered thereto. A stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic film and methods of constructing electrodes with the stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic films are also described.

Abstract: Electrodes for fuel cells including a quadrivalent metal element, a monovalent metal element or a divalent metal element, and phosphates, as well as fuel cells including the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon black sheet with a thin layer of metal nanoparticles by pulse electroplating, which allows metal nanoparticles such as platinum, etc. to be uniformly dispersed on a carbon black layer and is very thin, enhancing the efficiency of a metal catalyst such as platinum, etc., minimizing the amount of the metal used to reduce the manufacturing costs significantly, and realizing a continuous process, and a polymer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell by using the same.

Abstract: [OBJECT] In an SOFC cell comprising a Cr-containing alloy or the like and an air electrode bonded together, the invention is to provide a cell capable of effectively restricting occurrence of Cr poisoning of the air electrode and capable also of effectively restricting occurrence of oxidation deterioration due to Cr depletion in the alloy or the like. [SOLUTION] In a cell for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising a Cr (chrome)-containing alloy or oxide and an air electrode bonded together, wherein on the surface of the alloy or oxide, there is formed a coating layer containing a spinel oxide comprised of a first mono metal oxide and a second mono metal oxide, the first mono metal oxide having an equilibrium dissociated oxygen partial pressure at 750° C. ranging from 1.83×10?20 to 3.44×10?13 atm., the second mono metal oxide having a lower equilibrium dissociated oxygen partial pressure at 750° C. than the first mono metal oxide.

Abstract: A method of making an anode element for use in a fuel cell, comprising providing a first amount of Ni—Al alloy material having a predetermined aluminum content, providing a second amount of Ni—Cr alloy material having a predetermined chromium content, providing at least one additive component, mixing the Ni—Al alloy material, the Ni—Cr alloy material and the at least one additive component to produce a slurry and forming the slurry into the anode element.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell with an operating temperature of about 100° C. or more. The electrode has an electrode catalyst layer that includes an electrode catalyst with a conductive carrier and catalyst particles supported on the conductive carrier. The electrode catalyst includes an acid impregnated electrode catalyst in which the conductive carrier is impregnated with an acid component having proton conductivity by a heat treatment with the acid component in advance, and a non-impregnated electrode catalyst. The acid impregnated electrode catalyst and the non-impregnated electrode catalyst are uniformly distributed in the electrode catalyst layer.

Abstract: Provided are a CNT-mesoporous silica composite, a CNT-mesoporous carbon composite, a supported catalyst using the CNT-mesoporous carbon composite as a support, and a fuel cell using the supported catalyst as the anode, cathode, or both anode and cathode. The CNT-mesoporous carbon composite is prepared using the CNT-mesoporous silica composite. The CNT-mesoporous carbon composite has a high electrical conductivity due to the CNTs contained therein, and thus, when the CNT-mesoporous carbon composite is used in an electrode of a fuel cell, the fuel cell has a remarkably improved performance relative to the conventional catalyst support which does not contain CNTs.

Abstract: The cathode catalyst includes a zeolite-containing carrier, and a ruthenium (Ru)-M-tellurium (Te) alloy supported on the carrier, where M is selected from the group consisting of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and combinations thereof. The cathode catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for a reduction reaction of an oxidant, and is highly stable under an acidic atmosphere thereby being capable of improving performances of a membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell system.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst for a fuel cell including a metal selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, and combinations thereof, and Ru—Ch supported on the metal, where Ch includes a material selected from the group consisting of S, Se, Te, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the Ru—Ch includes from about 70 to about 95 atom % of Ru, and from about 5 to about 30 atom % of Ch, and/or the Ru—Ch is supported in an amount from about 5 to about 80 wt % based on the Ru—Ch and the metal.

Abstract: Ruthenium or a Ruthenium compound is applied to an anode structure according to a predetermined pattern, with only part of the anode active area containing Ru. The parts of the MEA that do not contain Ru are not expected to suffer degradation from Ru cross-over, so that overall degradation of the cell will be diminished. Having less precious metals will also translate into less cost.

Abstract: A segmented-in-series high temperature solid-state electro-chemical device in which the cell segments are supported on a substrate comprising a porous metal layer for mechanical strength and a non-conducting porous layer for electrical insulation between cell segments is fabricated by co-sintering at least the metal substrate, insulating layer, an electrode and electrolyte. This allows for efficient manufacturing and the use of a thinner electrolyte (e.g., less than 40 microns thick) than in conventional designs, with a resulting performance improvement attributable at least in part to increased ionic conductivity. Alternative structures for the cell and interconnect repeat segments which are supported on a metallic substrate, as well as methods for producing said structures, specific compositions of the interconnect, and Al-containing compositions for the metallic substrate are described.

Abstract: A lithium-air cell is provided which incorporates a cathode comprised of a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) glass-ceramic material for facilitating an oxygen reduction reaction. The lithium-air cell further includes a lithium anode and a solid electrolyte which may be in the form of a membrane comprising LAGP glass-ceramic and/or polymer ceramic materials.

Abstract: There is provided an electrode catalyst layer that has excellent durability compared to conventional electrode catalyst layers employing carbon supports, and that can minimize as much as possible the amount of catalyst material used while exhibiting desired output, by allowing adjustment of the amount as necessary. The electrode catalyst dispersion of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles that contain a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, and a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof. The ink composition of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles containing a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof, and an ionic conductive polymer, wherein the volume ratio of the catalyst particles and the ionic conductive polymer is 55:45-90:10.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode catalyst material in which a resistance loss is reduced by enhancing an electric conductivity as a whole of an electrode catalyst as well as suppressing a corrosion and a disappearance by a catalyst metal in a conductive catalyst support so as to prevent a dropout and an aggregation of a catalyst metal particle, and a method of manufacturing the same. The electrode catalyst material in accordance with the present invention is an electrode catalyst material for a fuel cell having a catalyst metal particle and a carbon support supporting the catalyst metal particle, in which a carbon support protection layer including a metal element is formed in a coating manner on a surface of the carbon support, a silicone is included at 20 atomic % or more in the metal element contained in the carbon support protection layer, and the silicone exists in a state of an oxide and a carbide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst slurry composition for an electrode of a fuel cell. The catalyst slurry composition includes 100 parts by weight of an active metal, about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of a binder polymer, and about 6 to about 70 parts by weight of silica. Use of the catalyst slurry composition can provide control of the volume of pores accordingly can improve the performance of a fuel cell.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell including a carbon-based carrier and an active metal supported in the carrier, for example, an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a carrier and an active metal supported in the carrier, wherein the electrode catalyst has an X value of 95 to 100% in Equation 1. X(%)=(XPS measurement value)/(TGA measurement value)×100??[Equation 1] wherein, the XPS measurement value represents a quantitative amount of the active metal present on a surface of the electrode catalyst, the TGA measurement value represents the XPS measurement value using a monochromated Al K?-ray, which is the quantitative amount of total active metal supported in the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are composite electrodes for use in a solid oxide fuel cell devices. The electrodes are comprised of a sintered mixture of lanthanum strontium ferrite phase and yttria stabilized zirconia phase. The lanthanum strontium ferrite phase has the general formula (LaxSry)i±?(FeaMnbCoc)O3; wherein 1.O?x?0.65; 0.35?y?0.0; x+y=1.0, ?=0-0.1, a+b+c=1, and a>0.6. Also disclosed are methods of making the composite electrodes and solid oxide fuel cell devices comprising same.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst containing platinum, zinc, and at least one of nickel and iron.

Abstract: The present application is directed to mesoporous carbon materials comprising bi-functional catalysts. The mesoporous carbon materials find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lithium-air batteries. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials, and devices comprising the same, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A high temperature fuel cell and a fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cells are provided. The fuel cells operate at a temperature between 500 and 700° C. Copper-based materials for components and connections of the components is used in the fuel cells. A basis for the copper-based materials is an ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) structure of copper powders with additional oxide powders.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have an R value of at least 1.3, where R is defined as the ratio (ID/IG) of an integral value of D band intensity (ID) to an integral value of G band intensity (IG) in the Raman spectrum. Such carbon nanotubes can be used to form a support catalyst with good catalyst activity because the surface defects on the carbon nanotubes promote improved catalyst distribution in that the support catalyst includes catalyst particles having a small mean particle size and a slight variation in particle size. Such a support catalyst has particularly useful properties when used as a catalyst layer for a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for a fuel cell which includes an electrode substrate composed of nano-carbon fiber, with a catalyst layer formed on the electrode substrate. The electrode substrate has a better strength than an electrode substrate composed of a conventional carbonaceous material, and a pore size which can be controlled even though the composition for forming the catalyst layer may be coated in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: An electrode for an alkali fuel cell comprises an active layer formed by a bilayer or by a stack of a plurality of bilayers. Each bilayer is composed of a catalytic layer comprising catalyst particles of nanometric size and of a porous layer comprising two opposite faces one of which is in contact with the catalytic layer. The porous layer is made from a porous composite material comprising a hydroxide ion conducting polymer matrix in which a metallic lattice is formed constituting a plurality of electronically conducting paths connecting the two opposite faces of the porous layer. Advantageously, fabrication of such an electrode is obtained by successively performing vacuum deposition of the catalyst particles and vacuum co-deposition of the hydroxide ion conducting polymer and of the metal on a free surface of a support.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided which can enhance the CO resistance to thereby improve the voltage characteristics thereof. A fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer, a first electrode provided on one surface of the electrolyte layer, and a second electrode provided on the other surface of the electrolyte layer. In this fuel cell, a reaction fluid to be supplied to the first electrode contains carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide is generated from a reaction fluid having been supplied to the first electrode. The first electrode of the fuel cell includes a first catalyst material (Pt) having a function of extracting an electron from the reaction fluid, a second catalyst material (WAu) having a function of reducing the activation energy for conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, and an oxygen-supplying material (Ru) supplying oxygen.

Abstract: Shaped articles with the inherent capability to evolve in response to at least one of external and internal stimuli are described. These articles comprise at least one solid electrolyte with at least one dissolved salt, and at least one interface which involves a solid electrolytes and a conductive solid. Electric potential gradients, generated within the solid electrolyte by at least one of external and internal stimuli, guide and drive the self-healing and adaptation phenomena.