Abstract: A non-magnetic single-component toner comprises: silica A having a specific surface area of 30 to 70 m2/g as determined by a BET method, and having a surface which is at least treated with aminosilane, silica B having a specific surface area of 100 m2/g or more, and having a surface which is treated with silicone oil, silicone oil, and toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant wherein silica A, silica B, silicon oil are adhered to surfaces of the toner particles, so that the toner that has suitable charging properties and anti-fusing and long life under all environmental atmosphere, and allows the obtaining of stable images having minimal back ground fogging, proper image density, no image density unevenness, and no voids in image (particularly on thick paper), and superior solid black reproducibility.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is formed as a blend of toner particles and external additives. The external additives include (1) first inorganic fine particles having an average primary particle size of 80-800 nm of oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, zinc and zirconium, (2) second inorganic fine particles other than silica having an average primary particle size of below 80 nm and (3) silica fine particles having an average primary particle size of below 30 nm. As a result, the toner can be made free from difficulties, such as melt-sticking onto an image-bearing member in a low humidity environment, roughening of halftone images in a low humidity environment, toner blot-down after storage at high temperatures or in continuous image formation on a large number of sheets, fog in continuous formations of images of low color area percentage in a low humidity environment, and re-transfer in multi-color image formation.

Abstract: A developer for developing an electrostatic latent image is formed from toner particles each comprising a binder resin and a colorant, inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle size of 4-80 nm based on primary particles, and electroconductive fine powder. The developer is characterized by having a number-basis particle size distribution in the range of 0.60-159.21 &mgr;m including 15-60% by number of particles in the range of 1.00-2.00 &mgr;m, and 15-70% by number of particles in the range of 3.00-8.96 &mgr;m, each particle size range including its lower limit and excluding its upper limit. As a result of inclusion an appropriate amount of the electroconductive fine powder represented by the particle size fraction of 1.00-2.

Abstract: A developer comprising toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, an inorganic fine powder whose primary particles have a number-average particle diameter of from 4 nm to 50 nm, and a conductive fine powder whose primary particles have a number-average particle diameter of from 50 nm to 500 nm. The conductive fine powder contains an agglomerated matter of the primary particles. The developer comprises 15% to 60% by number of particles having particle diameters in the range of from 1.00 &mgr;m, inclusive, to 2.00 &mgr;m, exclusive, and 15% to 70% by number of particles having particle diameters in the range of from 3.00 &mgr;m, inclusive, to 8.96 &mgr;m, exclusive, in number-based particle size distribution of particles having particle diameters in the range of from 0.60 &mgr;m, inclusive, to 159.21 &mgr;m, exclusive. Also, an image forming method and a process cartridge are disclosed which make use of the developer.

Abstract: A developer for developing an electrostatic latent image is formed from toner particles each comprising a binder resin and a colorant, inorganic fine powder having a number-average particle size of 4-80 nm based on primary particles, and electroconductive fine powder. The developer is characterized by having a number-basis particle size distribution in the range of 0.60-159.21 &mgr;m including 15-60% by number of particles in the range of 1.00-2.00 &mgr;m, and 15-70% by number of particles in the range of 3.00-8.96 &mgr;m, each particle size range including its lower limit and excluding its upper limit. As a result of inclusion an appropriate amount of the electroconductive fine powder represented by the particle size fraction of 1.00-2.

Abstract: Toner formulations and developers containing the toner formulations are described. The toner contains at least one toner resin, at least one first charge control agent capable of providing a consistent level of charge, at least one second charge control agent capable of providing a sustained level of charge, at least one surface treatment agent, and at least one release agent and optionally at least one colorant. The toners of the present invention preferably provide a consistent level of charge of from about −10 to about −30 micro C/gm and also provide this level of charge for a sustained period of time, such as from about 2 to about 10 minutes. The toners of the present invention also provides excellent ruboff values for an image printed from the toners of the present invention. Methods of improving ruboff are described as well as methods to develop an image using the toner of the present invention.

Abstract: In a toner T of the present invention, the liberated mother particle ratio is set to be 10% or less and the liberated silica particle ratio is set to be 0.2-10%, thereby reducing the possibility that the liberated mother particles 18′ and the mother particles 18 with silica particles 19 therein will be fused on toner-contact members such as a latent image carrier, a toner carrier, and a toner regulating member, and thus effectively preventing the filming of toner T. Therefore, according to the toner T of the present invention, the durability of the toner-contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner regulating member can be improved.

Abstract: A toner is disclosed which is composed of toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax, and an external additive. The wax has, in its DSC endothermic curve, a maximum endothermic peak at 55° C. to 80° C. within the temperature range from 30° C. to 160° C., the maximum endothermic peak having a half width of from 2° C. to 7° C., and the binder resin is composed chiefly of a polyester resin. The toner has a dynamic elastic modulus from 5×102 to 1×105 dN/m2 at 140° C., and its ratio to a dynamic elastic modulus at 170° C. is from 0.05 to 50, and the toner contains 10 to 20% by weight of THF-insoluble matter A of a binder resin component after 8 hours from the start of extraction and 1 to 10% by weight of THF-insoluble matter B of the binder resin component after 24 hours from the start of extraction, the ratio of A to B, B/A, being from 0.1 to 0.8. Also disclosed is a fixing method making use of this toner.

Abstract: Regarding the metal oxide fine powder, which is used as the additive of a powder material and is hydrophobic treated on the surface, the peak of the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particle is made to be less than the same level of average size of the powder material, so that said powder has high dispersibility in the powder material. When this metal oxide fine powder is used as the external additive, such as the toner for the electronic photograph, the standup of the electrostatic charge, the image quality, and the cleaning characteristic are improved remarkably.

Abstract: By reducing non-transferred toner on a photosensitive member, image density is sufficiently maintained and fogging in the non-imaged portion is prevented. The developing agent for non-magnetic monocomponent development is a toner comprising toner particles and an external additive adhered on the surface of the toner particles, wherein the external additive comprises inorganic fine particles (A), which are surface-treated with aminosilane and dimethylpolysiloxane and have a polarity reverse to that of the toner, and inorganic fine particles (B) having the same polarity as that of the toner.

Abstract: A magenta toner having a storage elastic modulus at 80° C., G′80, from 1×106 dN/m2 to 1×108 dN/m2 and a storage elastic modulus at 120° C. to 180° C., G′120-180, from 2×103 dN/m2 to 1×106 dN/m2, and containing a compound represented by Formulas (1) and (2) and a compound represented by Formula (3): wherein RD2 represents H or OCH3, RD4 represents H or CONH2, RD5 represents H, SO2N(C2H5)2, CONHC6H5, CONH2 or CONHC6H4-(p)CONH2, RK2 represents H, OCH3, CH3 or OC2H5, RK4 represents H, OCH3 or Cl, and RK5 represents H, OCH3, Cl or NO2; wherein RD2 represents H or SO3—, RD4 represents H, Cl or CH3, RD5 represents H, Cl, CH3, C2H5, or SO3—, and M represents Ba, Ca, Sr, Mn or Mg; provided that one of RD2 and RD5 is SO3. wherein RD1 and RD2 each represent H or CH3.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner is disclosed. The toner particle conrains a silanol compound represented by formula of RmSi(OH)n in an amount of 1 to 20 ppm which is measured based on a head space method: wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group containing an alkyl group, a vinyl group, a glycidyloxy group, or a methacrylic acid, m and n each represents an integer of 1 to 3; and when m is 2 or 3, R may be the same of different.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic latent images contains a coloring agent, a release agent, a binder resin including a non-linear polyester resin with a hydroxyl number of 30 to 70 mgKOH/g, and a metallic compound of an aromatic oxycarboxylic acid with a central metal having a valence of 3 or more. The toner is used in combination with a carrier to prepare a two-component developer. The toner or two-component developer is held in a container. The present invention further provides an image forming apparatus equipped with the container that holds therein the above-mentioned toner or two-component developer.

Abstract: An electrostatographic toner composition consists essentially of noncrosslinked linear polymeric toner particles, about 0.7 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of hydrophobic silica particles disposed on the surface of the toner particles, and about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of particles of a fatty acid metal salt disposed on the surface of the toner particles, wherein the weight percentages of the hydrophobic silica particles and the particles of a fatty acid metal salt are based on the weight of the polymeric toner particles. An electrostatographic developer is formed by mixing the toner composition so prepared with hard magnetic carrier particles. A process for forming an electrostatographic toner composition comprises: providing noncrosslinked polymeric toner particles of a selected particle size, and dry blending the polymeric toner particles with a mixture consisting essentially of about 0.7 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of hydrophobic silica particles and about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt.

Abstract: In a toner T of the present invention, the liberated mother particle ratio is set to be 10% or less and the liberated silica particle ratio is set to be 0.2-10%, thereby reducing the possibility that the liberated mother particles 18′ and the mother particles 18 with silica particles 19 therein will be fused on toner-contact members such as a latent image carrier, a toner carrier, and a toner regulating member, and thus effectively preventing the filming of toner T. Therefore, according to the toner T of the present invention, the durability of the toner-contact members such as the latent image carrier, the toner carrier, and the toner regulating member can be improved.

Abstract: A yellow toner in which, in a spectral-distribution diagram in which the reflectance (%) is plotted as ordinate and the wavelength (nm) as abscissa, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 15% to 20% at a wavelength of 500 nm and ranges from 75% to 80% at a wavelength of 600 nm, a cyan toner in which, in the like spectral-distribution diagram, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 30% to 35% at a wavelength of 450 nm and ranges from 35% to 40% at a wavelength of 475 nm, and a magenta toner in which, in the like spectral-distribution diagram, the reflectance determined for a toner in a state of powder ranges from 5% to 10% at a wavelength of 425 nm and ranges from 65% to 70% at a wavelength of 675 nm. These color toners each contain corresponding pigments in specific combination, and promise color reproduction which can ensure the color tones of process inks.

Abstract: An image is formed by using in combination a photoreceptor having a surface roughness Rz not larger than 1.0 and a developing agent comprising a toner containing toner particles containing a binder resin and a coloring agent, silica particles, and a metal soap, the weight ratio of the silica particles to the metal soap falling within a range of between 10 and 60.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrostatic image development which employs a black colorant free from a toxic substance and exhibits stable charge behavior even after extended use or printing of a large number of sheets, thus making it possible to provide printed images having sufficient image density without causing toner dispersion, fogging, and variation in image density. This is a toner for electrostatic image development comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant is made of black fine particles obtained by coating the surface of titanium dioxide particles with a complex oxide of titanium and iron.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is formed as a blend of toner particles and external additives. The external additives include (1) first inorganic fine particles having an average primary particle size of 80-800 nm of oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, zinc and zirconium, (2) second inorganic fine particles other than silica having an average primary particle size of below 80 nm and (3) silica fine particles having an average primary particle size of below 30 nm. As a result, the toner can be made free from difficulties, such as melt-sticking onto an image-bearing member in a low humidity environment, roughening of halftone images in a low humidity environment, toner blot-down after storage at high temperatures or in continuous image formation on a large number of sheets, fog in continuous formations of images of low color area percentage in a low humidity environment, and re-transfer in multi-color image formation.

Abstract: A color toner selected from the group consisting of a yellow toner, a magenta toner, and a cyan toner, and mixtures thereof, which includes a binder resin and a color pigment, wherein a C* value of a fixed red image formed by a combination of a layer of the yellow toner having a weight of 8 g/m2 and a layer of the magenta toner having a weight of 8 g/m2 is not less than 80, and wherein a hexagon formed by six points in a *-b* chromaticity coordinates of a fixed yellow image formed by a layer of the yellow toner having a weight of 8 g/m2, the fixed red image, a fixed magenta image formed by a layer of the magenta toner having a weight of 8 g/m2, a fixed blue image formed by a combination of a layer of the magenta toner having a weight of 8 g/m2 and a layer of the cyan toner having a weight of 8 g/m2, a fixed cyan image formed by a layer of the cyan toner having a weight of 8 g/m2, and a fixed green image formed by a combination of a layer of the cyan toner of 8 g/m2 and a layer of the yellow toner having a wei

Abstract: An external additive for a toner, which has an average particle diameter not greater than 100 nm and includes an inorganic particulate material; and a hydrophobizing agent which is present on the inorganic particulate material in an amount of Ws by weight and present as a free hydrophobizing agent in an amount of Wf by weight, wherein a residual ratio defined as a ratio {Ws/(Ws+Wf)}×100 is from 40 to 98.5%, and wherein at least one of a compound having an organopolysiloxane structure and a compound having a ring siloxane structure is detected when the external additive is analyzed by a pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy method after the external additive is washed with chloroform.

Abstract: A toner for developing a static latent image is disclosed.

Abstract: A developer includes developer main particles and abrasive particles added to the developer main particles. The developer main particles include at least a resin material and a coloring material. The abrasive particles and the developer main particles are opposite in polarity when they are charged. The abrasive particles have an average diameter in the range of 50 to 5000 nm and preferably in the range of 150 to 2000 nm. A fluidity-adding agent is added to the developer main particles. The fluidity-adding agent has a diameter in the range of 5 to 40 nm. The fluidity-adding agent is at least 0.1 weight parts with respect to the developer main particles, and the abrasive particles are in the range of 0.02 to 1.2 weight parts.

Abstract: A toner, such as an electrostatic latent image developing toner and a MICR toner, has an even charge distribution, and exhibits balanced charging characteristics without decreases in frictional electrification or increases in charge, as well as superior fluidity, environmental independence, and durability. This is achieved by treating toner particles, which include binder resin and magnetic particles, with an external additive particle that is one of: a combination of rutile-type titanium oxide and anatase-type titanium oxide; and rutile-type titanium oxide that falls in a range of 5 to 10% by volume when a total volume of the toner is regarded as being 100%.

Abstract: Charge control agent whose active ingredient is a zinc compound of an alkylsalicylic acid derivative, the compound being a zincified alkylsalicylic acid derivative which is an alkylphenol derivative having a carboxyl group introduced thereto; Toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising said charge control agent, a coloring agent and a binder resin for toner; Charge control resin particles comprising solidified milled particles of a thermally kneaded mixture of at least said charge control agent and a resin.

Abstract: 0.01 to 5% by weight of the metal soap is added to the yellow toner and black toner.

Abstract: Charge control resin particles comprising a mixture of at least a charge control agent and a resin, wherein a crystalline zinc 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylate represented by General Formula below, and having major peaks of X-ray diffraction using the CuK &agr;-characteristic X-ray at Bragg angles 2&thgr; of at least 6.4±0.2° and 15.4±0.2°, is contained as said charge control agent. Toner for developing electrostatic images which comprises a coloring agent, a binder resin for toner, and the charge control resin particles.

Abstract: A toner comprising a resin binder, a colorant, and externally-added inorganic fine particles, comprising large-particle size inorganic particles comprising 50% by volume or more of particles having a particle size of from 100 to 583.9 nm, and having a BET specific surface area of 1 to 40 m2/g. The toner can be used for the development of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a novel toner satisfying a high resolution, a low temperature fixability and a high offset resistance at a low cost. A novel toner for the development of an electrostatic image is provided comprising an agglomerate of particles containing at least primary polymer particles, wherein said primary polymer particles substantially comprise a wax encapsulated therein.

Abstract: A non-contact type non-magnetic monocomponent toner to develop electrostatic latent images and a developing apparatus using the same. The toner includes toner particles containing a binding resin and coloring agents; and an external additive powder containing silicon oxide powder that has at least two kinds of particle sizes, separate inorganic compound powder, and zinc stearate. After passing a toner layer-regulating member, the toner evenly maintains a toner amount formed on a developing roller and forms a thin toner layer.

Abstract: A black toner comprises a binder resin and black composite particles having an average particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.30 &mgr;m, and comprising: extender pigments as core particles; a gluing agent-coating layer formed on surface of the respective core particles; and a black pigment coat uniformly formed on the gluing agent-coating layer in an amount of 1 to 500 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the extender pigments. Such a black toner using black composite particles having not only excellent blackness, fluidity and light resistance, but also an excellent dispersibility in binder resins, which toner also exhibits excellent blackness, fluidity and light resistance.

Abstract: A silylated silica having an SiOH density per nm2 of less than 0.6, based on the BET-method surface area (DIN 66131 and 66132), is prepared by silylating silica in a process where loading, reacting, and purifying are performed in separate steps.

Abstract: 0.01 to 5% by weight of the metal soap is added to the yellow toner and black toner.

Abstract: A toner for a two-component developer comprising the toner and carrier particles, the developer being used for an oilless fixing-type image forming apparatus comprising a developer carrier rotatable at a linear speed of 360-1,680 mm/sec, and a developer adjusting member extending in a lateral direction parallel to the rotational axis of the developer carrier and disposed adjacent to the developer carrier to define a gap therebetween of 0.3-1.0 mm, said image forming apparatus being operated so that the amount of the developer conveyed by the developer carrier and passing through the gap per 1 second is 5.0-25.0 g per 1 cm of the lateral width of the gap, the toner comprising a wax dispersed therein and the toner having a coefficient of dynamic friction in the range of 0.18-0.45.

Abstract: Charge control agent and toner for developing electrostatic images containing said charge control agent. The active ingredient of the charge control agent is a metal compound obtainable by reacting one or two or more molecules of a compound having a phenolic hydroxy group and one or two or more molecules of a metal alkoxide.

Abstract: A toner including at least a binder resin; a colorant; a charge controlling agent; and a wax (B), in which the charge controlling agent comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: an aromatic oxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of aromatic oxycarboxylic acid, salts of aromatic oxycarboxylic acids and salts of derivatives of aromatic oxycarboxylic acids; and a zirconium compound (A), and in which the zirconium compound (A) and the wax (B) have a weight ratio (A/B) satisfying the following relationship:

Abstract: A toner composition including toner particles including a binder resin; and a colorant, and a charge controlling agent which is at least located on a surface of the toner particles, wherein the toner composition has a spherical degree of from 0.96 to 0.99, and wherein the toner composition satisfies the relationship: 10≦M/T≦1,000 wherein M represents a quantity of an element on a surface of the toner particles in units of % by weight, wherein the element is included only in the charge controlling agent, and is one of elements of second to fifth periodical elements in the long form periodic table other than hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and rare gas elements; and T represents a quantity of the element in the toner composition in units of % by weight.

Abstract: Regarding the metal oxide fine powder, which is used as the additive of a powder material and is hydrophobic treated on the surface, the peak of the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particle is made to be less than the same level of average size of the powder material, so that said powder has high dispersibility in the powder material. When this metal oxide fine powder is used as the external additive, such as the toner for the, electronic photograph, the standup of the electrostatic charge, the image quality, and the cleaning characteristic are improved remarkably.

Abstract: A charge control agent containing a barium salt of a sulfoisophthalic acid compound and optionally a metal salt of a salicylic acid compound. A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising such a charge control agent, a binder resin and a colorant.

Abstract: Toner formulations and developers containing the toner formulations are described. The toner contains at least one toner resin, at least one first charge control agent capable of providing a consistent level of charge, at least one second charge control agent capable of providing a sustained level of charge, at least one surface treatment agent, and at least one release agent and optionally at least one colorant. The toners of the present invention preferably provide a consistent level of charge of from about −10 to about −30 micro C/gm and also provide this level of charge for a sustained period of time, such as from about 2 to about 10 minutes. The toners of the present invention also provides excellent ruboff values for an image printed from the toners of the present invention. Methods of improving ruboff are described as well as methods to develop an image using the toner of the present invention.

Abstract: Generation of a drum filming layer is prevented by obtaining a developing agent meeting the relationship y<0.057x+0.1748, where x represents the total addition amount of the additive, which is not smaller than 0.2, and y represents the free component content obtained from the difference in the fluorescence X-ray analytical value between the front surface and the back surface of a pellet of the developing agent, by quantitatively analyzing the free component content of the additive to the developing agent and by using a binder resin satisfying the conditions of 2,000≦number average molecular weight≦5,000, 8,000≦weight average molecular weight≦70,000, and 1.6≦Mw/Mn≦35.

Abstract: A toner composition comprising a primary resin and at least one additional polymeric component is improved by reactive compatibilization of the additional polymeric component and the resin. For example, effective amounts of a functional secondary resin and a functional silicone oil having functionality reactive therewith are included and mixed by extrusion so as to reduce or eliminate speckling in printing with the toner and the improve toner powder flow.

Abstract: Charge control agent and toner for developing electrostatic images containing said charge control agent. The active ingredient of the charge control agent is a metal compound obtainable by reacting one or two or more molecules of a compound having a phenolic hydroxy group and one or two or more molecules of a metal alkoxide.

Abstract: An external additive for a toner, having an average primary particle diameter not greater than 100 nm and including at least inorganic fine particles and a hydrophobizing agent applied to the surface of the inorganic fine particles, wherein after the external additive is treated with chloroform, pyrolysates of the residual components include a compound having at least one structure selected from organopolysiloxane structures and ring siloxane structures.

Abstract: By reducing non-transferred toner on a photosensitive member, image density is sufficiently maintained and fogging in the non-imaged portion is prevented. The developing agent for non-magnetic monocomponent development is a toner comprising toner particles and an external additive adhered on the surface of the toner particles, wherein the external additive comprises inorganic fine particles (A), which are surface-treated with aminosilane and dimethylpolysiloxane and have a polarity reverse to that of the toner, and inorganic fine particles (B) having the same polarity as that of the toner.

Abstract: A coloring agent for use in toners which comprises coloring particles modified with a surface modifier having in one molecule a hydrophilic moiety, a hydrophobic moiety, and a reactive moiety between the hydrophilic moiety and the hydrophobic moiety. Also disclosed is a toner comprising toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a coloring agent comprising the above surface-modified coloring particles.

Abstract: Toners and developers are disclosed. The toner of the present invention contains at least one toner resin, at least one charge control agent, at least one surface treatment agent, and optionally at least one release agent and/or colorant. The toners of the present invention have excellent triboelectric stability over a wide range of temperatures and relative humidity environmental conditions. Further, the toners of the present invention have excellent charge to mass stability over long periods of time. Development systems and methods for developing electrostatic images with toner are further disclosed.

Abstract: A two-component developer is formed as a mixture of a negatively chargeable toner and a resin-coated carrier. The toner comprises at least a binder resin, a colorant and an organic metal compound. The organic metal compound is an organic zirconium compound having a coordination or/and a bonding of zirconium and an aromatic compound as a ligand or/and an acid source selected from the group consisting of aromatic diols, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic monocarboxylic acids, and aromatic polycarboxylic acids. The toner further includes an external additive comprising hydrophobized inorganic fine powder having an average primary particle size of 0.001-0.2 &mgr;m. The resin-coated carrier has a 50%-particle size of 20-70 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A positively chargeable toner for two-component development comprising a resin binder; a colorant; a releasing agent comprising a wax having a melting point of 50° to 120° C.; and an external additive comprising a positively chargeable silica, the positively chargeable silica having an absolute deviation of an error of 0.1 or less, against an approximate straight line showing an adhesion state of silicon atoms to carbon atoms, and a free ratio of 5% or less, wherein the positively chargeable toner is usable together with a ferrite carrier having a saturation magnetization of from 40 to 100 Am2/kg. This positively chargeable toner is used for development of an electrostatic latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, or the like.

Abstract: A color toner comprises: a binder resin, and a colorant having an average particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.