Abstract: A projector including an exterior enclosure, a light source apparatus, a light modulator, a projection optical apparatus, a plurality of detection light radiators that radiate detection light used to detect a pointing element onto a projection area, an imager that receives light that belongs to a wavelength region including the wavelength of the detection light to capture an image of the projection area, and a position detector that detects the position of the pointing element in the projection area based on the image captured by the imager, wherein the plurality of detection light radiators are arranged in different positions on the exterior enclosure, the plurality of detection light radiators include a first detection light radiator, and the first detection light radiator is so configured that a distance therefrom to another detection light radiator out of the plurality of detection light radiators is changeable.

Abstract: Water-based ink including a pigment mix and a method to form a digital print on a substrate with a pigment mix having large pigments and a Piezo ink head equipped with an ink circulation system, the method including: providing a water-based ink including an aqueous pigment mix including settling pigments, a binder including an acrylic resin dispersion, and a viscosity increasing substance including glycol and/or glycerine, providing a steric stabilization of the pigments and adapting the size of the pigments and the viscosity of the water-based ink such that a settling velocity of the pigments exceeds about 0.001 mm/min at 25° C., circulating said water-based ink within said at least one Piezo print head, and printing a digital image with said at least one Piezo print head by applying ink drops of said water-based ink on the substrate.

Abstract: An improved overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum used in an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from a curable composition including a charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional groups containing an oxygen atom of the general structure shown below: wherein R1 and R2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom, R3 and R4 are a non-radical polymerizable functional group, and R5 and R6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom. The curable composition may also contain at least one optional curing agent. This overcoat layer improves wear resistance of the organic photoconductor drum without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its service life.

Abstract: A charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups used in an overcoat for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups of the general structure exemplified below: where R1 and R2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group, R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of a radical polymerizable functional group, a non-radical polymerizable functional group, and one each of a radical polymerizable functional group and a non-radial polymerizable functional group, and R5 and R6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic photoelectronic device including a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other and an active layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the active layer includes a p-type semiconductor compound represented by the formula C22R1—R12O2N2 and an n-type semiconductor compound having a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength region of about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and an image sensor including the organic photoelectronic device.

Abstract: Particles for display include a copolymer that contains at least, as copolymer constituents, a reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain and a vinyl compound represented by Formula (1), wherein a content of the reactive compound containing a silicone chain or an alkyl chain is 3.0% by weight or less with respect to the weight of the particles: ArH2C?CH2)n??Formula (1) wherein in Formula (1), Ar represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring or an aromatic ring that is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: An electrophoresis particle of the embodiment includes a mother particle and a covering layer which covers at least a part of the mother particle, wherein the covering layer includes a shell which is consisted of an organic polymer and which cellulary engulfs the mother particle and a polymer which is bonded on the surface of the shell and the polymer is one that a monomer has been polymerized using living radical polymerization, setting the polymerization initiating group as the starting point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophoretic particle that includes: a core part including an inorganic particle; a shell layer formed on the core part; and a protective layer formed on the shell layer, a method of producing the electrophoretic particle, and an electrophoretic display device including the electrophoretic particle.

Abstract: Techniques for coating print media are described herein. In an example, a photo imaging assembly is to receive a liquid electrophoretic coating composition assembly on a chargeable surface so as to form a coating layer thereon using electrostatic forces. The coating layer is to be transferred to a print medium.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a first substrate having one or more unit pixel regions defined and including a driving thin film transistor, a second substrate disposed on the first substrate and facing the first substrate, and a color absorbing layer disposed on the first substrate.

Abstract: Electrophoretic particle include a core particle; a siloxane-based compound that is bonded to a surface of the core particle and contains a connection structure in which a plurality of siloxane bonds are serially connected to each other; and a polarizing group that is an organic group bonded to the surface of the core particle, contains a main skeleton and a substituent bonded to the main skeleton, and has unevenly distributed electrons on the particle side of the main skeleton or the opposing side thereof.

Abstract: Electrophoretic particle include a core particle (mother particle); a siloxane-based compound that is bonded to a surface of the core particle and contains a connection structure in which a plurality of siloxane bonds are serially connected to each other; and a charging group that is an organic group bonded to the surface of the core particle, contains a main skeleton, and has a positive or negative electric charge. It is preferable that the occupancy rate of an area to which the siloxane-based compound is bonded on the surface of the core particle be in the range of 0.05% to 20%.

Abstract: This invention relates to white reflective polymer particles prepared by a reverse emulsion solvent removal process, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: There is provided electrophoretic particle which has core particle, and a siloxane-based compound which includes a connecting structure in which a plurality of siloxane bonds are connected in series, and the surface of the core particle includes a first region to which the siloxane-based compound is bonded, and a second region in which charging characteristic derived from the core particle is expressed by exposure of the surface of the core particle. An occupancy rate of the first region on the surface of the core particle is preferably equal to greater than 0.05% and equal to or less than 20%.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic fluid comprising uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles. The resulting fluid can improve not only image stability but also contrast ratio of a display device, without significantly affecting the switching speed. The present invention is also directed to an electrophoretic display comprising display cells filled with the electrophoretic fluid.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle includes a polymer having at least a reactive compound represented by the following Formula (I) as a polymerizable component, at least on a surface: wherein in Formula (I), Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group, Y represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group, and Z represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle includes a core particle and a coating layer covering at least one portion of the core particle. The coating layer contains a polymer and a silane coupling agent containing a nonionic charged group attached to the surface of the core particle. The polymer contains a silane coupling agent containing a polymerizable group attached to the surface of the core particle and a polymerization site formed by polymerizing a monomer using the polymerizable group as a starting point.

Abstract: Nanosubstrates as biosensors, methods of making such nanosubstrates, and methods of using such nanosubstrates to detect biomarkers are described.

Abstract: In electrophoretic media, it is advantageous to use pigment particles having a polymer chemically bonded to, or cross-linked around, the pigment particles, the polymer comprising repeating units derived from a fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer. The polymer desirably has a branched chain structure with side chains extending from a main chain. Desirably, the fluorinated acrylate or fluorinated methacrylate monomer comprises from 1 to 5 mole percent of the polymer.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to the use of dipole charged balls having differently coloured hemispheres (bichromal balls) in twisting ball displays comprising a pair of planar addressing electrodes and the space between these electrodes that is filled with a thixotropic liquid into which has been dispersed a plurality of electrically charged and optically anisotropic rotatable elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides uniformly electrified electret fine particles having excellent electrophoretic properties. Specifically, the present invention provides a core-shell electret fine particle comprising a core part and a shell part, the core part containing a material that has an ability to disperse a pigment therein, the shell part containing an electret resin, and the electret resin being a fluorine-containing resin and being electretized by electron ray irradiation, radial ray irradiation, or corona discharge treatment.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus including first and second substrates, at least one of which has a light transmitting characteristic, as well as first and second electrodes provided on the two mutually facing surfaces of the first and second substrates respectively; and an electrophoretic device provided between the first and second substrates, wherein the first substrate and the first electrode each have an external edge folded back so as to cover at least a portion of a terminal surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A light control film includes two transparent electroconductive resin substrates each having a transparent electroconductive film and a transparent resin substrate; and a light control layer sandwiched between the transparent electroconductive film sides of the two transparent electroconductive resin substrates. The transparent electroconductive film of one transparent electroconductive resin substrate having a primer layer is cut through a cutting line to have a shape of a picture or character, and the cutting line is in a form that a start point for the cutting and an end point for the cutting make a closed region. The closed region of the picture of character is electrically insulated from the transparent electroconductive film around the shape of the picture or character. The light control film enables to improve adhesiveness between film matrix and substrates and to provide stable control function.

Abstract: A display element is described. The display element includes: a network; a continuous phase; and a discontinuous mobile phase, which is capable of responding to an externally applied electric field such that under influence of the externally applied electric field, without effecting bulk movement of the continuous phase, the mobile phase displaces from one location to another location through or within the network. A process of manufacturing a display cell is also described. The process includes: obtaining a pair of electrodes; placing a network between the electrodes; assembling the electrodes and the network to form a sub-assembly; and injecting into the subassembly a discontinuous phase.

Abstract: Techniques for coating print media are described herein. In an example, a photo imaging assembly is to receive a liquid electrophoretic coating composition assembly on a chargeable surface so as to form a coating layer thereon using electrostatic forces. The coating layer is to be transferred to a print medium.

Abstract: A polychrome electrophoretic ink including at least four types of particles dispersed in a nonpolar organic medium, each particle type containing a pigment of a color which is associated therewith, having a positive or negative electrostatic charge, characterized in that at least one of the abovementioned particle types has a magnetic property (magnetic core) such that each particle type can migrate in a predetermined manner under the combined action of an electrostatic force and of a magnetic return force.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device in which a barrier defining a unit pixel is directly formed on a first substrate and the unit pixel is filled with an electrophoretic material, and a fabrication method thereof are provided. A barrier surrounding a display area is formed on a non-display area and a sealant is filled between the barrier and a partition wall to facilitate an attachment of first and second substrates.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a device for modulating light. The device comprises a plurality of nano-scale particles; a conformal structure defining a surface to which the nano-scale particles conform under influence of a displacement force; and a displacement mechanism to apply the displacement force to the nano-scale particles; wherein the nano-scale particles when they conform to the conformal structure change the optical characteristics of the conformal structure.

Abstract: A sealing method is applicable to a cell matrix equipped with a plurality of cells spatially divided by a partition for sealing dispersion liquid containing hydrophobic dispersion medium and electrophoretic particles dispersed therein in the cells. The sealing method includes: supplying the dispersion liquid in the cells through an opening section of a space defined by the partition; and forming a sealing layer at an exposed portion of the dispersion liquid in the opening section, using a polymer reaction at an interface with water.

Abstract: Electrophoretic particles including mother particles and a dispersant that covers the surface of the mother particles, the mother particles including a resin and a colorant, and the dispersant having a structure represented by the following Formula (1): wherein in Formula (1), R1 represents a dimethyl siloxane chain that comprises two or more dimethyl siloxane structures that are linked together, the dimethyl siloxane chain being optionally substituted by an organic group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Ar1 represents an organic group having an aromatic group; a represents an integer of from 8 to 88; b represents an integer of from 12 to 82; c represents an integer of from 0 to 30; f represents an integer of from 1 to 3; the total of a, b and c is 100; and the ratio of unit (b) in the dispersant having a structure represented by Formula (1) is about 50% by weight or less.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes an electrophoretic particle, and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure having a non-electrophoretic particle with different optical reflection characteristics from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle. A difference ?1 (=A?B) between a solubility parameter value A of the fibrous structure and a solubility parameter value B of a particle surface of the electrophoretic particle is 2 or more and 5.2 or less.

Abstract: In an electrophoretic material, first particles which are charged with a first polarity and second particles which are charged with a second polarity are dispersed in a solvent. A volume, which is obtained by dividing a volume of the solvent by a total number of particles, is called free volume, and a radius of a spherical space, which is occupied by sum of an average volume of the particles and the free volume, is called a free volume radius. A first particle average radius is greater than a second particle average radius. A difference between the free volume radius and the first particle average radius is greater than the second particle average radius. An electric charge amount of the second particles is greater than an electric charge amount of the first particles.

Abstract: A polychrome electrophoretic ink including at least four types of particles dispersed in a nonpolar organic medium, each particle type containing a pigment of a color which is associated therewith, having a positive or negative electrostatic charge, characterized in that at least one of the abovementioned particle types has a magnetic property (magnetic core) such that each particle type can migrate in a predetermined manner under the combined action of an electrostatic force and of a magnetic return force.

Abstract: A liquid for electrophoretic display which makes it possible to display a black color having a low reflectance or a color having a high color saturation and a white color having a high reflectance and display them at high contrast and which inhibits coagulation of white fine particles and is excellent in stability can be prepared by using a liquid for electrophoretic display containing at least white fine particles, resin particles colored by a dye and/or a pigment and a liquid phase dispersion medium, wherein fine particles in which a difference in a refractive index from the liquid phase dispersion medium is 0 to 0.05 are contained and have an average particle diameter of 50 to 500 nm. The electrophoretic display device of the present invention is prepared by filling the liquid for electrophoretic display between a pair of substrates, and the electronic device of the present invention is characterized by mounting therein the electrophoretic display device.

Abstract: A display medium includes a pair of substrates, a dispersion medium sealed between the pair of substrates, a migrating particle group dispersed in the dispersion medium, and a surface layer provided on at least one of the facing surfaces of the pair of substrates and including a polymer compound that is a copolymer containing the following constitutional unit (A) and constitutional unit (B), X represents a group containing a silicone chain, Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Rb2 represents an organic group containing a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, n1 and n2 each represent mol % of the constitutional unit relative to the whole copolymer and satisfy 0<n1<50 and 0<n2<80, respectively, and n represents a natural number of 1 or more and 3 or less.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.

Abstract: An electrophoretic liquid includes a first electrophoretic particle, a second electrophoretic particle having a polarity opposite to that of the first electrophoretic particle, a non-electrophoretic particle, and a transparent dispersion medium. In the electrophoretic liquid, the first, second, and non-electrophoretic particles are dispersed in the transparent dispersion medium.

Abstract: An electrophoresis device, includes: a migrating particle; a porous layer including a fibrous structure holding a non-migrating particle having optical reflection characteristics different from optical reflection characteristics of the migrating particle; and a light-transmissive dividing wall including part of the porous layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display sheet comprising a display layer, a first electrode, and second electrodes. The display layer has a plurality of reservoir portions filled with a dispersion liquid containing particles. Each of the plurality of reservoir portions has predetermined positions. When an electric field having a direction is generated by applying a voltage to between the first electrode and the second electrodes, the particles are locally gathered to the predetermined positions of each of the plurality of reservoir portions so as to make rows of the particles along the direction of the electric field in the dispersion liquid. The electrophoretic display sheet is capable of exhibiting both superior responsiveness (responsibility) and superior color display performance with high contrast in changing a display color.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an electrophoretic particle, a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle, and a pair of electrodes arranged with the porous layer in between. The porous layer is adjacent to one or both of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer. The surface layer includes a cross-linked component which is a reaction product of compound A and compound B. The compound A is at least one compound selected from guanamine compounds and melamine compounds, and the compound B is a charge-transporting material. A structure derived from at least one compound selected from the guanamine compounds and the melamine compounds included in the surface layer amounts for 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, and a structure derived from the charge-transporting material included in the surface layer amounts for 85% by weight or greater. Surface roughness Rz of the surface layer is from 0.1 ?m to 0.3 ?m, and the surface has at least one compound selected from fatty acid metal salt and fluorine resin particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising a plurality of cells, each of said cells comprises: a) partition walls; b) an electrophoretic fluid filled therein; c) a polymeric sealing layer to enclose the electrophoretic fluid within the cell; and d) an interface between the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing layer.

Abstract: A reflective display includes a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate. First and second electrodes are connected to each of the first and second transparent substrates, and define a space between the first and second transparent substrates. The geometry of the first and second electrodes creates a substantially uniform electric field when a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle includes a core particle and a coating layer covering at least one portion of the core particle. The coating layer contains a polymer and a silane coupling agent containing a nonionic charged group attached to the surface of the core particle. The polymer contains a silane coupling agent containing a polymerizable group attached to the surface of the core particle and a polymerization site formed by polymerizing a monomer using the polymerizable group as a starting point.

Abstract: Provided are a method of fabricating an electrophoretic ink, the electrophoretic ink formed using the method, and an electrophoretic display having the same. The method of fabricating an electrophoretic ink includes dispersing pigment particles into a dielectric fluid; adding at least one monomer and an initiator into the dielectric fluid; and forming polymeric membranes surrounding the pigment particles in the dielectric fluid. Since the pigment particle surrounded by the polymeric membrane and the dielectric fluid in which the pigment particle is dispersed can be utilized as the electrophoretic ink as they are without a follow-up cleaning process, the method of fabricating the electrophoretic ink is simplified.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: A transparent conductor structure includes a transparent, insulating substrate and a discontinuous, transparent conducting layer established on the substrate. The discontinuous conducting layer is partitioned into a plurality of segments, each of which has a thickness ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 ?m. Two or more of the segments are connected together by i) a metal trace disposed on or between them, or ii) a mesh, formed from a plurality of metal traces, disposed across a surface of the segments.

Abstract: This invention relates to white reflective polymer particles prepared by a reverse emulsion solvent removal process, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: An active matrix electrophoretic display is driven. In a reset period Tr a reset voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Next, in a writing period an applied voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode during a time period corresponding to a gradation value designated by an image data. Next, a common voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode, so that electric charge accumulated in each capacitor is taken away and no electric field is applied to each dispersal system, thereby a displayed image is held.