Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic display fluid, in particular, pigment particles dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture, and methods for their preparation. The pigment particles generated, according to the present invention, are stable in solvent under an electric field, have desired charge and charge density on the particle surface.

Abstract: In a composition comprising an oil-in-oil emulsion containing a first oil phase dispersed as liquid droplets in a continuous second oil phase, which liquid droplets have a number median diameter of about 1 ?m to 10 ?m, the liquid droplets are substantially covered with a layer of relatively smaller hydrophobically surfaced solid particles as a result of controlling the size and size distribution of the liquid droplets. The first oil phase optionally further comprises colorant and/or polymer. Also disclosed is a method for making such oil-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophoretic display, comprising electrodes and cells containing at least one kind of ionic, monochrome particles, a non-polar liquid and a dispersant, wherein the ionic, monochrome particles of at least one kind are essentially aggregates consisting of a carbon containing pigment and a cationic pigment orcationic pigment derivative, and the dispersantis selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyesters, polyurethanes and copolymers, with the proviso that the cationic pigment or cationic pigment derivative is not a reaction product of carbonblack with diazotated procaine hydrochloride. In general, the whole quantity of the pigment and the main part, preferably at least 80%, most preferred from 95% to 100%, of the whole cationic pigment or cationic pigment derivative present within the cells is comprised in the aggregates, with essentially no pigment and only a minor part of the cationic pigment or cationic pigment derivative physically distinct from the aggregates.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display medium and preparing method thereof. The electrophoretic display medium comprises: negatively or positively-charged pigment particles; neutral pigment particles with colors different from the charged pigment particles; and low-polar and/or non-polar dispersing solvent. The method of preparing the electrophoretic display medium comprises: synthesizing neutral pigment particles; synthesizing charged pigment particles; and preparing electrophoretic display medium. The method of synthesizing the neutral pigment particles comprises: mixing together pigment particles, macromonomers, coupling-agents and chain-initiators for polymeric reaction in the solvent, and reacting at a temperature of 30-120° C. for 4-48 hours. The method is applied to many kinds of inorganic oxides, inorganic salts and complex inorganic salt pigments.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved electrophoretic dispersions and a method for improving the performance of an electrophoretic display. The invention also relates to a method of inducing or enhancing the threshold voltage of an electrophoretic dispersion.

Abstract: Amphiphilic toner which has both hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in the molecule, use thereof for an electrophoretic printing process, and method for an electrophoretic printing process using it. The toner is first dispersed in a non-polar carrier liquid, the toner-containing carrier liquid being transported from a charge image carrier by means of a transfer roller to a point of transfer and from there transferred to a substrate. A polar liquid is added before transfer of the toner to the substrate.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprises a backplane; a layer of electro-optic material disposed adjacent the backplane; a protective layer; and a sealing layer of a metal or a ceramic extending between the backplane and the protective layer, and thus sealing the layer of electro-optic material from the outside environment.

Abstract: A particle for use in an electrophoretic display comprises a light-scattering inorganic core and a light-transmissive colored shell of an organic pigment. The core may be titania and the shell may be formed of particles having an average particle size less than 700 nm. The particles are produced by treating a light-scattering inorganic pigment with a polymer which adsorbs on both the inorganic pigment and an organic pigment; and adding the organic pigment and allowing the organic pigment to mix with the polymer-coated inorganic pigment. The particles may have a polymer coating.

Abstract: An electronic paper display device and a method of manufacturing the electronic paper display device are disclosed. The method can include forming a plurality of relievo patterns on a lower board, in which the relievo patterns are formed to be independent and separated from one another, disposing a display unit in between the plurality of relievo patterns, and attaching an upper board on the plurality of relievo patterns such that the display unit is covered. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method can improve the freedom of disposing the display units by allowing partition walls to form only at areas to fix the display units.

Abstract: This invention relates to a display device comprising a plurality of display cells, wherein said display cells are separated by slanted partition walls. This invention also relates to a display device comprising a plurality of display cells, wherein said display cells are separated by indented partition walls having indented areas. The electrophoretic structures of the present invention may be manufactured by a continuous or semi-continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing process. The structures in which display cells are separated by slanted partition walls or partition walls having indented areas are capable of providing enhanced color states.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase the resistance of electronic paper to external stress. The resistance to external stress is increased by providing an element formation layer, which includes an integrated circuit portion, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a charged particle-containing layer, between a first insulating film including a first structure body in which a first fibrous body is impregnated with a first organic resin, and a second insulating film including a second structure body in which a second fibrous body is impregnated with a second organic resin.

Abstract: Provided is an electro-phoresis device that includes a light control layer, a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode. The light control layer may include a plurality of electro-phoresis particles. The first electrode and the second electrode may form an electric field to control of the electro-phoresis particles such that the electro-phoresis particles move towards at least one of the electrodes. The third electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first and second electrodes and may have an electric polarity opposite to the other of the first and second electrode.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes pixel electrodes, a transparent electrode, and an electrophoretic ink layer including cavities. Each cavity is arranged between one of the pixel electrodes and the transparent electrode, and each cavity comprises suspension fluid, charged particles, and neutral particles, the charged particles and neutral particles being dispersed in the suspension fluid. The neutral particles are dispersed in the center of the cavities and substantially stationary, and the charged particles are capable of moving through the suspension fluid. Application of an electric field to a pixel electrode and the transparent electrode causes a migration of the charged particles of a cavity connected to the pixel electrode and a corresponding color becomes viewable.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image using an electrophoretic particle suspension containing media including: a transitioner for sufficiently lowering a viscosity of the suspension to facilitate mobility of at least some of the electrophoretic particles; and, imaging electrodes for selectively providing an imaging electric field associated with the image to be formed and positioned with respect to the transitioner such that the imaging electric field impinges upon the lowered viscosity suspension; wherein, the imaging electric field is sufficient to cause select ones of the electrophoretic particles in the lowered viscosity suspension to migrate depending upon the image to be formed.

Abstract: An electrophoretic sheet includes a substrate having one surface and the other surface, a microcapsule-containing layer comprised of a plurality of microcapsules, the microcapsule-containing layer provided on the other surface of the substrate, each of the plurality of microcapsules having a capsule body and an electrophoretic dispersion liquid contained in the capsule body, the electrophoretic dispersion liquid containing a plurality of electrophoretic particles of at least one color, and the capsule body having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, and at least one colored part provided on the external side of the inner circumferential surface of the capsule body of each of the plurality of microcapsules, and wherein each colored part has a color complementary to the color of the plurality of electrophoretic particles. By using the electrophoretic sheet mentioned above, it is possible to provide the increased whiteness in display of the electrophoretic particles.

Abstract: Provided is a microcapsule patterning method for patterning electrophoretic microcapsules on a substrate, the method including the steps of: preparing a microcapsule slurry in which microcapsules and a water-soluble binder are mixed; putting the microcapsule slurry into a liquid ejector having injection and ejection ports formed therein; and applying the microcapsule slurry contained in the liquid ejector onto the substrate so as to pattern pixels using the microcapsules. Accordingly, specific patterns are formed without physical and chemical damage to the microcapsules. Therefore, the patterns can be used as pixels of flat panel displays. Further, through the patterning, it is possible to implement a color display device which does not exhibit performance degradation.

Abstract: An alkali development-type solder resist includes (A) a carboxyl group-containing photosensitive resin obtained by reacting (a) a compound having two or more cyclic ether or thioether groups in the molecule with (b) an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, reacting the product with (c) a polybasic acid anhydride, reacting the resulting resin with (d) a compound having a cyclic ether group and an ethylenic unsaturated group in the molecule, and reacting the product additionally with (c) a polybasic acid anhydride, (B) an oxime ester-based photopolymerization initiator containing a specific oxime ester group, (C) a compound having two or more ethylenic unsaturated groups in the molecule, and (D) a thermosetting component, wherein the dry film obtained by applying the composition has an absorbance of 0.3 to 1.2 per 25 ?m of the film thickness at a wavelength of 350 to 375 nm.

Abstract: There is provided a display device including: an electrophoretic display element including, plural types of particles, each of the respective plural types of particles being charged with the same polarity, differing in optical properties, and differing in either in migration speed and/or electric field threshold value for moving, a translucent display-side electrode, a first back-side electrode, and a second back-side electrode; and a voltage control section that controls the voltages applied to the display-side electrode, the first back-side electrode, and the second back-side electrode, such that the types of particles having the fastest migration speed from the plural types of particles, or the types of particles having the lowest threshold value from the plural types of particles, are moved to the first back-side electrode or to the second back-side electrode, and then the particles that moved to the first back-side electrode are moved to the display-side electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic fluid which comprises a non-mobile or semi-mobile phase and charged pigment particles. The fluid has many advantages, such as increased contrast without affecting the switching speed.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle salt that includes a cationic electrophoretic particle and an anionic group ionically associated with the cationic electrophoretic particle is employed in an electrophoretic display. A spacer group chemically bonds a cationic moiety to a surface of the electrophoretic particle. A method of making the electrophoretic particle salt includes particle surface modification, nucleophilic substitution to create an interim salt and anion exchange. The electrophoretic particle salt has an ionization constant that favors dissociation into a positively charged electrophoretic particle and the anionic group in a nonpolar medium. The electrophoretic display includes a pair of electrodes and a dispersion of the electrophoretic particle salt in a nonpolar medium in a gap between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic paper display device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a barrier layer interposed between the first and second electrodes to define a plurality of cells; and a microcapsule disposed in each cell between the first and second electrodes and maintaining a ratio of minor axis to major axis of 0.9 to 1, and a manufacturing method of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides particles for display media constituting the display media used for an information display panel, in which the display media are sealed between two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information, comprising: the particles having a substantially spherical shape, which are made by polymerizing raw materials including monomers, which include (acrylic or methacrylic) resin-hydrocarbon resin copolymer in the particles, in which a part of or all of the monomers are a multifunctional monomer having a plurality of polymerization reactive groups in one molecule, and which have minute irregularities on their surface evenly. By such a construction, the particles for display media can obtain irregularities firmly fixed on their surface. Poor display can be solved by using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane with excellent proton conductivity in its thickness direction. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte membrane containing a polymer compound comprising an ionic segment having an ionic functional group and a nonionic segment having substantially no ionic functional group, and the phase containing ionic segments as a main component and the phase containing nonionic segments as a main component are phase-separated, and in the surface region thereof, the change in the amount of the ionic segment from the surface toward the interior substantially decreases monotonically.

Abstract: A method for making an electrophoretic solution includes: including two kinds of particles having different charging polarities into the electrophoretic solution; calculating a mixing ratio so that charge amounts of the two kinds of particles become approximately equal to each other on a basis of a unit volume of a dispersion medium; and mixing the two kinds of particles in each mixed quantity that satisfies the calculated mixing ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel non-aqueous capsules suitable as display cells for an electrophoretic display and the encapsulation process for their manufacture. The present invention is also directed to an encapsulation process for the preparation of non-aqueous capsules suitable as display cells for an electrophoretic display. The process comprises emulsifying an internal phase comprising pigment particles or pigment-containing microparticles dispersed in a halogenated solvent and a halogenated shell-forming material into an external phase comprising a complementary chain extender or crosslinker in an organic solvent.

Abstract: LEP ink includes a carrier and particles dispersed in the carrier. Particles contain polymeric resin and dendritic macromolecule having functional groups. Some dendritic macromolecule functional groups are coupled to some resin functional groups. Other dendritic macromolecule functional groups are not coupled to any component of the resin. Other resin functional groups are not coupled to any component of the dendritic macromolecule. Liquid toner producing methods include forming a paste containing a carrier liquid and a thermoplastic resin having a polymeric backbone and functional groups. The paste is combined with a colorant and an adhesion promoting dendritic macromolecule having functional groups. After combining the paste and dendritic macromolecule, the method includes coupling the dendritic macromolecule functional groups with resin functional groups, encapsulating the colorant in the resin/dendritic macromolecule, and dispersing the encapsulated colorant in the carrier liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrophoretic particles, a method of preparing the same, and an electrophoretic display using the same. The electrophoretic particle includes a coating layer, which includes a co-polymer of styrene and heterocyclic compound, and a pigment surrounded by the coating layer. The method includes polymerizing styrene on a surface of the electrophoretic particle and polymerizing styrene and a heterocyclic compound. The electrophoretic display includes the electrophoretic particles.

Abstract: A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium is formed on a substrate (106) by dispersing in a fluid (104) a plurality of electrophoretic capsules (102), contacting at least a portion of a substrate (106) with the fluid (104); and applying a potential difference between at least a part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (104) and a counter-electrode (110) in electrical contact with the fluid (104), thereby causing capsules (102) to be deposited upon at least part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (102). Patterned coatings of capsules containing different colors may be deposited in registration with electrodes using multiple capsule deposition steps. Alternatively, patterned coatings of capsules may be formed by applying a fluid form of an electrophoretic medium to a substrate, and applying a temporally varying voltage between an electrode and the substrate. The process may be repeated to allow for deposition of full color displays.

Abstract: An electrophoretic particle dispersion including: electrophoretic particles including first particles having a surface thereof covered with a curvature-adjustment portion formed from a curvature-adjustment material, a curvature at the surface of the curvature-adjustment portion being greater than the curvature of the first particles that do not include the curvature-adjustment portion; a crosslinking agent capable of binding the electrophoretic particles via a reversible crosslinked structure; and a dispersing medium in which the electrophoretic particles and the crosslinking agent are dispersed.

Abstract: This invention relates to cationically curable sealants that provide low moisture permeability and good adhesive strength after cure. The composition consists essentially of an electrophoretic device containing an oxetane compound and a photoinitiating system comprising and photoinitiator and optionally a photosensitizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable iris using charged opaque particles, and to a method for operating such a variable iris. According to the invention, the variable iris has a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate, which are separated by one or more ribs to form a cell confining charged opaque particles, the first transparent substrate being provided with at least a first electrode and a second electrode both being adapted to be connected to a voltage source for acting on the charged opaque particles, and at least a third electrode adapted to be connected to the voltage source for acting on the charged opaque particles, the voltages applied to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode being controllable to have the same or opposite signs. The variable iris further has a pulse driver for applying voltage pulses to the electrodes.

Abstract: Display particles having metal oxide layers formed on the surfaces of base particles containing at least a resin and a colorant, wherein the metal oxide layers comprise a polycondensation product formed by using a compound A represented by the following formula (A) and a compound B indicated by the following formula (B) as materials, and an image display apparatus loaded with the display particles: M1(OR1)4 ??(A) (wherein M1 represents a silicon atom or a titanium atom; and R1 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms respectively independently): M2(R2)4-n(OR3)n ??(B) (wherein M2 represents a silicon atom or a titanium atom; R2 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or an epoxy group, independently; R3 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms independently; and n represents an integer of 2 or 3).

Abstract: A two-phase electrophoretic medium comprises a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase comprises a plurality of droplets, each of which comprises a suspending fluid and at least one particle disposed within the suspending fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the electrophoretic medium. The continuous phase surrounds and encapsulates the discontinuous phase. To reduce the humidity sensitivity of the medium, a non-ionizable or crystalline polymer may be used as the continuous phase.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises an electrophoretic layer, a layer of lamination adhesive and a polymeric layer disposed between the electrophoretic layer and the lamination adhesive layer, the polymeric layer being impermeable to the fluid. A second form of electrophoretic medium has a layer of a complex of an alkali metal and a polymer in contact with the electrophoretic layer. A third form of electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of discrete droplets of internal phase in a binder, and further comprises a salt.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a device for modulating light. The device comprises a plurality of nano-scale particles; a conformal structure defining a surface to which the nano-scale particles conform under influence of a displacement force; and a displacement mechanism to apply the displacement force to the nano-scale particles; wherein the nano-scale particles when they conform to the conformal structure change the optical characteristics of the conformal structure.

Abstract: A sub-assembly for use in an electro-optic display comprises, in this order: a release sheet (500 or 510); a backplane (508) or a layer of an electro-optic medium (502); and a layer of lamination adhesive (504 or 512).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing the following device is provided: an electro-optical device which includes a pair of substrates holding a display material having optical properties varied by electric stimulation and which has a curved shape. The method includes covering the front and rear faces of a display with a pair of protective films and then bonding end portions of the protective films to each other with an adhesive containing a thermoplastic resin, the end portions being located outside the display; heating the bonded end portions to melt the adhesive and then bending the display depending on applications; and solidifying the melted adhesive by cooling to allow the protective films to hold the display bent.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes an array substrate and an opposite substrate facing the array substrate. Pixels areas are defined in the array substrate, and each pixel area includes a pixel electrode having concave-convex patterns at the edges thereof when viewed in a plan view. The concave-convex patterns vary directions of fringe fields generated from the edges of the pixel electrode, so that an area in which a fringe field is formed relative to one pixel area may be prevented from overlapping with a peripheral pixel area.

Abstract: A method for making an electrophoretic solution includes: including two kinds of particles having different charging polarities into the electrophoretic solution; calculating a mixing ratio so that charge amounts of the two kinds of particles become approximately equal to each other on a basis of a unit volume of a dispersion medium; and mixing the two kinds of particles in each mixed quantity that satisfies the calculated mixing ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel patterned embossing and patterned filling methods. Both methods are simple, reliable and cost effective ways for manufacturing the segment of signage electrophoretic displays. The displays prepared by the present invention requires only one patterned electrode layer. The undesired visible line traces are eliminated and the manufacture of the present displays does not involve the costly precision registration step used in the previously known assembly processes dealing with two patterned electrodes. Moreover, the electrophoretic fluid is present only in the patterned and switchable area of the display. This not only significantly reduces the material cost, but also improves the overall display quality by reducing defects and non-uniformity.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophoretic display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically, electrophoretic e-paper to which a high-k dielectric material is applied in order to improve a reaction rate. The electrophoretic display device of the present invention comprises a plurality of capsules comprising a dielectric fluid and at least one type of particles individually operating in response to an applied electric field and suspended in the dielectric fluid; first and second substrates respectively formed on and below the capsules and having electrodes formed thereon; and a dielectric layer formed on at least one of the first and second substrates to be in contact with the capsules.

Abstract: To stabilize the supply of color material particles as well as reduce the wasteful amount of color material particles used and suppress deformation or damages of the outer walls of a plurality of cell regions partitioned by partition walls provided upright, an interval holding section having a first height dimension for holding an interval between a non-display area of the surface of a substrate for a display panel, which has an electrode at each of the cell regions, and a non-transfer area of the surface of an electrophotographic transfer body, is provided between the non-display area of the surface of the substrate and the non-transfer area of the surface of the transfer body, at a predetermined value at the time when the transfer body transfers the color material particles to the substrate, and the color material particles are transferred to the substrate from the transfer body while biasing the substrate toward the transfer body in such a way that the interval holding section holds the interval between th

Abstract: A colorant contains a crystal of a compound represented by the following formula (1): the crystal having a crystal form showing main peaks at interplanar spacings d of 3.45±0.5 ?, 3.63±0.5 ?, 4.23±0.5 ?, 6.65±0.5 ?, and 7.84±0.5 ? in powder X-ray diffraction pattern with CuK? radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrophoretic particles, a method of preparing the same, and an electrophoretic display using the same. The electrophoretic particle includes a coating layer, which includes a co-polymer of styrene and heterocyclic compound, and a pigment surrounded by the coating layer. The method includes polymerizing styrene on a surface of the electrophoretic particle and polymerizing styrene and a heterocyclic compound. The electrophoretic display includes the electrophoretic particles.

Abstract: In an apparatus for manufacturing an electrophoretic display, the electrophoretic display includes a backside plate having a cover area and a display structure. The display structure is arranged on the backside plate and a rear surface thereof facing toward the backside plate has an area less than the cover area. The apparatus includes a main body and a pressure-supplying member. The main body includes a receiving cavity, a supporting surface and a plurality of absorption holes. The receiving cavity is configured to receive the display structure therein. The supporting surface is located at the bottom of the receiving cavity. The absorption holes are arranged at the bottom of the receiving cavity and each penetrates through the supporting surface. The absorption holes are configured to vacuum absorb the display structure on the supporting surface via vacuum absorption means.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved electrophoretic dispersions and a method for improving the performance of an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: Exemplary electrophoretic ink capsules for electrophoretic displays, and methods for making the exemplary electrophoretic ink capsules are disclosed. In various embodiments, the electrophoretic ink capsules can include triboelectrically charged electrophoretic particles having higher electrical conductivity than conventionally charged electrophoretic particles allowing fabrication of electrophoretic displays with lower switching fields and faster response times.

Abstract: Toner particles and a dry-powder electrophoretic display employing such particles are disclosed herein. The toner particles adapted for a dry-powder electrophoretic display comprise emulsion/aggregation particles having a negative charge. At least a portion of the toner particles include a surface coating, comprising a methacrylate polymer, disposed on the surface of the toner particles to impart a positive charge to a set of toner particles. The emulsion/aggregation toner particles have a particle size generally less than about 10 micrometers that allows for improved image quality as compared to conventional toners utilized in dry-powder electrophoretic displays.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable colorants of high extinction coefficient and high solubility or dispersibility for an electrophoretic, magnetophoretic or electromagnetophoretic display. More particularly, it relates to stable colorants for a microcup-based electrophoretic or electromagnetophoretic display the cells of which are filled with charged and/or magnetic particles dispersed in a halogenated, preferably a fluorinated, solvent. The use of the stable colorants allows the display to be of superior contrast ratio and longevity, and suitable for high-quality imagery applications.

Abstract: A process for producing a sheet for electrophoretic display including steps of: (a) continuously running a strip-shaped substrate sheet in which an electrically conductive layer is formed on a substrate film, and coating, on the substrate sheet, a coating solution containing a microcapsule for electrophoretic display, using a coating apparatus of a kiss reverse coating system having a coating roll in which a gravure pattern is discontinuously formed in an axial direction of an external circumferential surface; and (b) drying the coating solution to form a layer containing the microcapsule on the electrically conductive layer to obtain a sheet for electrophoretic display in which a microcapsule supporting part on which the microcapsule is supported, and an electrically conductive layer exposing part on which the electrically conductive layer is exposed are alternatively arranged in a width direction of the sheet.