Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems directed to complementary sequence (CS) encoding and encoded CS transmissions are provided. Among the apparatuses is apparatus having a transmitter that may be configured to (i) transmit an encoded CS via a block based, e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), waveform, and/or (ii) generate the encoded CS using a plurality of seed sequences and a plurality of information items, wherein: of the elements of the encoded CS encodes a first set of the plurality of information items; (b) phases of the encoded-CS elements encode a second set of the plurality of information items); and (c) the encoded-CS elements define a number of zeros that encode a third set of the plurality of information items. The encoded-CS elements may define respective numbers of zeros that collectively form the number of zeros that encode the third information-item set.

Abstract: The present invention relates to toner for electrostatic charge image development including a resin, a metal-containing compound, and a colorant compound precursor to be converted to a colorant compound through a reaction with the metal-containing compound by heat applied at heat fixing. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide toner for electrostatic charge image development which is excellent in fluidity and storage stability and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Use of a combination of a trisphenol reducing agent (developer) and a substituted olefinic co-developer in photothermographic materials reduces their sensitivity to high humidity and improves processing latitude.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion sheet for detecting track of charged elementary particles, in which emulsion at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one hydrophilic protective colloid layer are applied on both surfaces of a transparent support, and a compound selected from benzotriazoles is contained in said at least one silver halide emulsion layer. A processing method for processing the above-described silver halide emulsion sheet with a developer comprising a developing agent represented by formula (A): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group. A developer for use in developing the above-described silver halide emulsion sheet, comprising a developing agent represented by the above-mentioned formula (A).

Abstract: The invention describes novel compounds of the formula (I) wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim (1) and R1 is an aromatic radical with electron withdrawing substituents, as stabilizers for protecting organic materials, in particular polymers and lubricants, against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and as scavengers for oxidized developer in color photographic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for developing an exposed high contrast photographic silver halide material, said photographic material comprising a support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, containing at least one hydrazide nucleating agent. According to the invention, the nucleating agent has the formula (I) and the photographic material is developed in a hydroquinone-free developer, comprising a main developing agent of the ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid salt type, and as auxiliary developing agent a mixture of 3-pyrazolidones of which at least one has the formula (II): wherein at least one of the radicals R3 to R9 contains a solubilizing group. This combination enables photographic materials with ultrahigh contrast to be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to an imaging element comprising an imaging layer having associated therewith a compound of Structure I: wherein: the substituents are as defined in the application.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support, a silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support and a hydrophilic colloid layer adjacent to the silver halide emulsion layer, comprising a step of developing the photographic light-sensitive material with a developing solution containing an ascorbic acid compound as a developing agent, wherein the photographic material contains an amine compound in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophilic colloid layer and an nucleating agent within a range of 0 to 20 mg per 1 m2 of the photographic light-sensitive material, and wherein the amine compound has a distribution coefficient (log P) of 1 or more in a n-octanol/water system.

Abstract: A color image forming method that includes subjecting a silver halide color photosensitive material to an exposure, and then processing it with a processing solution, wherein at least one silver halide emulsion in the silver halide layers has silver halide grains of AgClBr, AgCeI, or AgClIBr grains, having a AgCl content of 95 mol % or more, and having at least one region where a AgBr and/or AgI content is higher than the other region; the exposure is performed based on digital image data for area modulation; and the processing solution contains at least one compound represented by formula (I) or (II): 1

Abstract: A composition and method to reduce photolithographic residue and scum formation on a substrate or in a solution, and to reduce or prevent foam formation. The composition contains a diphenyl oxide compound in combination with an antifoam agent. The composition may be added to developer solutions and stripper solutions used in manufacturing printed wiring boards.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support, a silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support and a hydrophilic colloid layer adjacent to the silver halide emulsion layer, comprising a step of developing the photographic light-sensitive material with a developing solution containing an ascorbic acid compound as a developing agent, wherein the photographic material contains an amine compound in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophilic colloid layer and an nucleating agent within a range of 0 to 20 mg per 1 m2 of the photographic light-sensitive material, and wherein the amine compound has a distribution coefficient (log P) of 1 or more in a n-octanol/water system.

Abstract: A black-and-white photographic developing composition or developing kit includes an ascorbic acid developing agent and is essentially free of hydroquinone and similar developing agents. The developing composition further includes a water-miscible hydroxy-containing organic solvent having a molecular weight of from about 50 to about 200. The weight ratio of the organic solvent to water is from about 0.1:1 to about 8:1.

Abstract: A black-and-white photographic developing composition has improved stability and is more compatible with the environment when discarded. The composition includes one or more ascorbic acid developing agents and is essentially free of hydroquinone and similar developing agents. It comprises a mono- or disaccharide such as ribose, fructose, lactose, glucose or galactose as a stabilizing agent for the developing agent.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion sheet for detecting track of charged elementary particles, in which emulsion at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one hydrophilic protective colloid layer are applied on both surfaces of a transparent support, and a compound selected from benzotriazoles is contained in said at least one silver halide emulsion layer.

Abstract: A direct X-ray system for industrial radiography like non-destructive testing applications, and personal monitoring, being particularly less sensitive to pressure phenomena, has been disclosed, said system consisting of a direct X-ray black-and-white negative-working radiographic film material, comprised of a transparent support coated on at least one side thereof with a tabular grain emulsion layer, substantially free from spectrally sensitizing dyes, in which at least 50 percent of total grain projected area of all grains is accounted for by silver bromoiodide tabular grains having an iodide content of less than 5 mole %, based on silver, having an average aspect ratio of at least 2, and having a volume greater than 0.

Abstract: This invention comprises an imaging element comprising an imaging layer having associated therewith a compound of Structure I: wherein PUG is a photographically useful group; LINK 1 and LINK 2 are linking groups; TIME is a timing group; T represents t independently selected substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl groups, t is 0, 1, or 2 and if t is 2, the T groups can form a ring; HET is a heterocyclic group which optionally can form a ring with a T group; R12 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R12 can form a ring with a T group or with HET; 1 is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, or 2; and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A black-and-white photographic developing composition has improved stability and is more compatible with the environment when discarded. The composition includes one or more ascorbic acid developing agents and a preservative (such as a sulfite) and is essentially free of hydroquinone and similar developing agents. It comprises an &agr;-ketocarboxylic acid stabilizing agent at a molar ratio to the ascorbic acid developing agent of from about 0.05:1 to about 2.5:1, and at a molar ratio to the preservative of from about 0.05:1 to about 6.25:1.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising on a support a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the light-sensitive layer contains a spectral-sensitizing dye represented by formula (1-a); a developer solution contains a developing agent represented by formula (A); and the replenishing rate of a processing solution is determined based on the proportion of an exposed area per unit area of the photographic material to perform replenishment.

Abstract: A black-and-white photographic developing composition has improved stability and is more compatible with the environment when discarded. The composition includes one or more ascorbic acid developing agents and a preservative (such as a sulfite) and is essentially free of hydroquinone and similar developing agents. Improved stability is provided using a sulfo-substituted organic compound as a stabilizing agent. Such compounds are either aliphatic sulfo compounds or hydroxy-free aromatic sulfo compounds.

Abstract: A processing method of a silver halide light sensitive photographic material by the use of an automatic processor is disclosed, in which a developing solution contains a developing agent represented by the formula described below and a developer replenishing solution having activity lower than that of a developing solution used at the time of starting processing is replenished within a predetermined amount to be replenished per unit time, and when the replenished amount of the developer replenishing solution has exceeded the predetermined amount to be replenished per unit time, a developer replenishing solution having higher activity is replenished.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material. The material comprises a support and at least one lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a binder and lightsensitive silver halide grains comprising tabular grains on the support. The material further comprises a developing agent or its precursor, and a compound capable of forming a dye by a coupling reaction with the developing agent in an oxidized form. The method comprises (a) exposing the material under natural light of 2000-9000K color temperature or artificial light corresponding thereto, for {fraction (1/10)}-{fraction (1/1000)} sec, in an exposure amount such that 80-90% (numerical ratio) of the grains contained in the lightsensitive layer have at least one development initiating point per grain, and (b) color developing the exposed material so that the tabular grains have 3.0 or more (average) development initiating points per grain at the completion of the development.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support, a silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support and a hydrophilic colloid layer adjacent to the silver halide emulsion layer, comprising a step of developing the photographic light-sensitive material with a developing solution containing an ascorbic acid compound as a developing agent, wherein the photographic material contains an amine compound in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophilic colloid layer and an nucleating agent within a range of 0 to 20 mg per 1 m2 of the photographic light-sensitive material, and wherein the amine compound has a distribution coefficient (log P) of 1 or more in a n-octanol/water system.

Abstract: A multicolor negative image capture film element comprises multiple silver halide emulsion layers that together exhibit a more gradually sloped density to exposure relationship than is customary while providing a combination of improved latitude and desirable overexposure printing density reduction.

Abstract: A method of forming a photographic image in an imagewise exposed high contrast photographic material free from nucleating agents comprising a support bearing a silver halide emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains wherein at least 10% of the silver halide grains are spectrally sensitized and a hydrophilic colloid having a silver:hydrophilic colloid ratio above 1. The method comprises developing the material in a developer comprising an ascorbic acid developing agent at a pH no greater than 10.5, the developer being free of hydroquinone.

Abstract: Provided are a water resistant composition comprising a uniform mixture of (A) at least one of modified polyvinyl alcohol containing either from 1 to 20 mol % of &agr;-olefin units with not more than 4 carbon atoms, from 0.01 to 1 mol % of silyl groups, or from 1 to 20 mol % of &agr;-olefin units with not more than 4 carbon atoms and from 0.01 to 1 mol % of silyl groups and (B) an organotitanium compound having a chelating ligand, in a blend ratio of component (A) to the component (B) between 99.99/0.01 and 60/40 by weight; a coating agent comprising the composition; a thermal recording material having a coat layer of the composition; and an ink-jet recording material having an ink-absorbing layer of the composition.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide light-sensitive material employing an automatic processing machine is disclosed. A developer comprises compounds represented by the formula (1), and a fixer comprises thiosulfate salts, water-soluble aluminum salts, and at least one type of crystallization retarding agents and substantially comprises no boron compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel color-developing agent of a 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl hydrazine type. There is also disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which gives sufficient color formation by development and forms an image excellent in image quality and image storability, by using the color-developing agent. Further, there is disclosed an image-forming method using the light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A processing method of silver halide light sensitive photographic materials by the use of an automatic processor is disclosed, comprising the steps of developing, fixing and washing, in which a developing bath of the processor comprises a processing tank and a temperature-controlling tank and a ratio by volume of the temperature-controlling tank to the processing tank being 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: An image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is exposed to a laser beam light, while said silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is conveyed with rollers at 15 to 100 mm/sec., and processed with a developer composition containing a developing agent represented by formula (A). The silver halide photographic light-sensitive material contains at least an organic contrast enhancing agent, the impedance of at least one side of said silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is from 4.times.10.sup.5 to 10.sup.20 .OMEGA.

Abstract: A method of processing an exposed black-and-white silver halide light-sensitive photographic material has been disclosed, said method comprising the steps of developing in a developer solution, followed by fixing in a fixer solution, comprising a hardening agent, preferably a compound providing aluminum ions, and wherein, in running equilibrium conditions, said fixer solution has a pH of at least 4.3, further adding to said fixer a fixer replenisher at a rate of from 0 ml/m.sup.2 up to 300 ml/m.sup.2 ; followed by rinsing and drying, wherein rinsing between developing and fixing is excluded and wherein an .alpha.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color light-sensitive material, which comprises a coupler of the formula (1), (2), or (3) in at least one layer on a base: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituent, R.sub.2 is a group of formula (4), R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a group of the formula (4), R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each are an alkyl group, an amino group, a carbonamido group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a sulfonamido group, and the like, R.sub.7 represents a group capable of substitution on a benzene ring; n is an integer of 0 to 3. This light-sensitive material can give a magenta image excellent in discrimination, and it is excellent in preservability before and after processing.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of processing an exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having silver halide, coated in an amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate of less than 6 g/m.sup.2 comprising the steps of developing, fixing, rinsing and drying, making use in the developing step of an ascorbic acid type developer and of an equivalent developer replenisher providing a regeneration amount of less than 150 ml/m.sup.2, characterized in that the said material has a buffering capacity of less than 6 mmole/m.sup.2, wherein said buffering capacity is defined as the amount of alkali, expressed in mmole/square meter, required to bridge across pH differences between the material and the developer.

Abstract: A development processing method comprising a step of developing a silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer with a developing solution containing a hydroquinone developing agent, wherein said developing solution has a pH of from 9.0 to 11.0, and contains a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II) in a concentration ratio of the compound represented by formula (II)/the hydroquinone developing agent of from 0.03 to 0.12: ##STR1## wherein the symbols in these formulae are defined in the specification.

Abstract: Low silver black-and-white photographic elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed quickly using black-and-white developing and fixing compositions having reduced photoprocessing activity. The entire process is fairly rapid and effective despite the lowered concentrations of photographic developing and fixing agents. The processing compositions are more environmentally friendly because the conventional hydroquinone is replaced with an ascorbic acid developing agent. In addition, the processing compositions are free of ammonium ions.

Abstract: Color photographic papers can be more rapidly color developed (up to 25 seconds) in the presence of a color developing solution containing a 3-pyrazolidone electron transfer agent. Despite the shortened processing time, color balance within the three color records of such color papers is maintained.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloid layers comprises at least one hydrazine compound represented by the following general formula (II) in the form of fine solid dispersion:A--(B).sub.m (II)wherein A represents a connecting group; B represents a group represented by the following general formula (III); and m represents an integer of from 2 to 6:--(L.sub.2 --Ar.sub.2).sub.n --L.sub.1 --Ar.sub.1 --NHNH--G.sub.1 --R.sub.1(III)wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each represents an aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 each represents a connecting group; n represents an integer of 0 or 1; R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an amino group or a hydrazino group; and G.sub.1 represents a --CO-- group, an --SO.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing a color-developing agent of formula (I) and a coupler of formula (II), in at least one photographic constitutional layer: ##STR1## In formula (I), Z is a carbamoyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl group, and Q is a group of atoms that, together with the C, form an unsaturated ring. In formula (II), Cp is a coupler residue, Time is a group that releases PUG upon released from Cp by coupling reaction, PUG is a photographically useful group, and t is 0, 1, 2, or 3. There is also disclosed a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing a color-developing agent of formula (I), a dye-forming coupler, and a non-dye-forming coupler (that is unsubstituted on its active site), in at least one photographic constitutional layer. There is further disclosed methods for forming an image using the light-sensitive materials.

Abstract: A black-and-white aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition is described which is free of dihydroxybenzene developing agent and comprises a p-aminophenol primary developing agent and an auxiliary superadditive 3-pyrazolidone developing agent, wherein the p-aminophenol primary developing agent is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 together represent the carbon atoms required to complete a 5-membered saturated ring, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, n represents 0 or 1, and HX represents HCl or 1/2 H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.A process for forming a black-and-white photographic silver image comprising developing a silver halide photographic element with the black-and-white aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition is also described.

Abstract: A processing composition for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, which comprises at least one compound represented by the following formula (A), (A-I) or (A-II) and at least one compound represented by the following formula (B): ##STR1## Also disclosed are a developer prepared from the processing composition, and a processing method using the developer.

Abstract: A developing processing method and an image forming method are described, which comprise the steps of (a) exposing a silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer; and (b) developing the exposed silver halide photographic material with a developer containing a developing agent, containing substantially no dihydroxybenzene developing agent, containing an auxiliary developing agent exhibiting a superadditive property, containing a quaternary onium salt compound, and having a pH value of from 9.5 to 11.5, or a developer containing a developing agent, containing substantially no dihydroxybenzene developing agent, and having a pH value of from 10 or less.

Abstract: A development processing method which comprises the steps of: imagewise exposing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material; and developing the exposed photographic material with a developing solution, wherein the silver halide photographic material comprises a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloidal layers containing at least one hydrazine derivative; and wherein the developing solution is substantially free from a dihydroxybenzene compound, has a pH of from 9.0 to 10.5 and contains (1) at least one ascorbic acid developing agent, (2) at least one 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone auxiliary developing agent and (3) a compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.

Abstract: A development processing method comprises: exposing a silver halide light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer; and developing said exposed light-sensitive material with a developing solution, wherein at least one of said silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloidal layers contains at least one hydrazine derivative, and wherein said developing solution is substantially free from a dihydroxybenzene compound, has a pH of from 9.0 to 10.5, and contains (1) at least one ascorbic acid derivative developing agent, (2) at least one aminophenol auxiliary developing agent and (3) a specific mercaptopyrimidine compound. The processing method provides a high-contrast image required in the field of graphic arts using a developing solution having no problem with respect to the ecosystem and working environment, without causing silver stain even at a low replenishment rate.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material enabling very rapid processing and extremely low waste liquid processing, which comprises a transparent film support having provided on each side thereof at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a dye-fixed layer for absorbing the crossover light disposed nearer to the support, wherein a dye used in said dye-fixed layer is a compound which is decolorized in development processing.

Abstract: A system for industrial radiography is disclosed comprised of (1) an industrial radiographic element comprised of a support covered on each of its major faces with a tabular grain emulsion layer in which at least 50 percent of total grain projected area is accounted for by silver bromide tabular grains having an average aspect ratio of at least 2 and a volume greater than 0.03 .mu.m.sup.3 and (2) disposed on opposite sides of the radiographic element, two intensifying screens designed to emit electrons when exposed to X or gamma rays with an energy greater than or equal to 10 kV. A speed improvement is realized upon exposure and processing.

Abstract: A silver halide color photosensitive material comprises a support provided thereon with a photosensitive silver halide, a developing agent, a coupler, and a binder. After exposure, the photosensitive material is placed, onto a processing material comprising a support provided with a processing layer thereon which contains a base and/or a precursor of a base, with water being present between the photosensitive material and the processing material in an amount of 1/10through 1 times that required to maximally swell the layers of the materials. The resultant assembly is heated to form an image on the photosensitive material. The photosensitive material includes an emulsion in which tabular silver halide grains having an aspect ratio of 2 to 30 account for 50% to 100% of the total projected area of all silver halide grains and in which 50% to 100% of all silver halide grains in number include 10 or more dislocation lines per grain. A method of forming images using this photosensitive material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a color image comprising developing an image-wise exposed silver halide color photographic photosensitive material in the presence of certain 6-aminotetrahydroquinoline color developing compounds or analogues thereof. A rapid process can be attained and an image of a low fog density can be obtained.

Abstract: An image forming process of a silver halide photographic material comprising a glass support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer is disclosed, the process comprising exposing with laser beam spot with a diameter of 0.05 to 5 .mu.m and developing the exposed photographic material with a developer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains silver halide grains having an average grain size of 0.08 to 0.2 .mu.m and a chloride content of at least 50 mol %; the developer containing a developing agent selected from hydroquinone and ascorbic acid, and a developing agent selected from p-methyl-aminophenol, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and 1-pheny-4-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidone; and the developed photographic material having a contrast of 4.8 to 12.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material by use of an automatic processor is disclosed, comprising the steps of developing an exposed photographic material with a developer, fixing with a fixer, washing and drying, wherein a swell ration of overall hydrophilic colloid layers including a silver halide emulsion layer and a protective layer provided on one side of a support is not more than 150%; and the developer, which contains substantially no dihydroxybenzene compound comprises a compound represented by the following formulas in combination with a 3-pyrazolidone compound or an aminophenol compound, and a carbonate salt in an amount of 0.35 mol/l or more.

Abstract: A method for processing a black-and-white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material. The method comprises the steps of (1) developing the black-and-white photographic light-sensitive material containing a quaternary onium compound with a developer containing ascorbic acid or a derivative thereof and having a pH value of from 8.0 to 10.0, (2) fixing the light-sensitive material, (3) washing the light-sensitive material by an automatic processor having a multi-step counter flow washing system, and (4) drying the light-sensitive material.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for forming a high contrast photographic image including the steps of imagaewise exposing a silver halide photographic element containing a hydrazine compound which functions as a nucleating agent, wherein the element is free of incorporated amine boosters. The exposed element is developed with a chemically stable aqueous alkaline developing solution that is free of dihydroxybenzene developing agents and has a pH between 9.5 and 11. The developing solution comprises an ascorbic acid developing agent; an auxiliary developing agent; and a combination of an alkali metal carbonate and an alkali metal borate comprising between 0.125 and 0.5 molar concentration of the carbonate and between 0.04 and 0.35 molar concentration of the borate.