Abstract: A device containing a substrate and an electrically conductive layer including a film forming continuous phase containing a charge transport compound and finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed in the continuous phase. This device may be coated with at least one photoconductive layer and used in an imaging process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a device containing a continuous, semi-transparent conductive layer including providing a substrate, applying to the substrate a coating containing a dispersion of conductive particles having an average particle size less than about 1 micrometer and having an acidic or neutral outer surface in a basic solution containing a film forming polymer dissolved in a solvent, and drying the coating to remove the solvent and form the continuous, semi-transparent conductive layer. The article prepared by this process may be used in an electrophotographic imaging process.

Abstract: A photoconductor element is provided that has non-blurring latent image keeping memory which is suitable for multiple electrophotographic copying from a single imaging step. The element preferably incorporates a charge generation layer which comprises a phthalocyanine dye or pigment. The copying method involves simultaneous application of corona charge and an image exposure to the element followed by uniform irradiation of the element. Thereafter a plurality of copies can be made by the step sequence of toner deposition, toner transfer, and toner heat fusion to a receiver.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer of a ceramic material, an intermediate layer of an organic high polymer formed on the photoconductive layer and having a thickness of about 0.01 to about 1 micron and an overcoat layer of a ceramic material formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer has a volume resistivity smaller than that of the overcoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an electroconductive support, and at least an undercoating layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, laid successively on the electroconductive support in this order, and the undercoating layer contains N-methoxymethylated nylon 6 containing not more than 10 ppm of components having a molecular weight of not more than 1,000.

Abstract: A photoreceptor that has at least a subbing layer and a light-sensitive layer formed on an electro-conductive supports is disclosed. The improvement is that said subbing layer is formed of a copolymer comprising ethylene, vinyl acetate and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or vinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer and a hole transport layer, including aryl amines dispersed in resin binders containing a polyphosphazene, such as poly[bis(p-tolylamino)]polyphosphazene, poly[bis(naphthoxy)]polyphosphazene, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic lithographic printing plate precursor capable of giving a good image free from pinholes is provided which comprises an electrically conductive base coated, on one side thereof, with an undercoated layer and a photoconductive layer containing zinc oxide as a predominant component in order and on the opposite side thereof, with a back layer, said undercoated layer having a surface resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.8 to 1.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA. and said back layer having a surface resistivity of at most 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA..

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a supporting substrate, an electrically conductive layer including at least a partially crosslinked polymer having a backbone derived from an alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether, a charge blocking layer including a polymer having a backbone also derived from an alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether and at least one photoconductive layer. Preferably, the backbone derived from an alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether is a copolymer of methyl acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether and a vinyl hydroxy ester or vinyl hydroxy amide. This imaging member may be prepared by a coating process and employed in an electrostatographic imaging process.

Abstract: A photoconductor element which employs a solvent soluble polyimide as the polymeric binder in at least one layer thereof. The polyimide is characterized by the formula: ##STR1## where R is a dianhydride and n is an integer in the range of 50 to 450.

Abstract: A positively and negatively chargeable electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising a substrate having thereon a charge blocking layer, an amorphous silicon photoconductive layer, and an amorphous silicon nitride surface layer provided in that order, wherein the charge blocking layer comprises of amorphous silicon nitride and the amorphous silicon photoconductive layer comprises of an i-type amorphous silicon containing 0.05 to 5.0 ppm of boron.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer comprised of diaryl biarylylamine copolymers of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are independently selected from bifunctional linkages; Z is alkylenedioxy, arylenedioxy, or substituted derivatives thereof; R and R' are alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, alkoxy, or halogen; x and y are mole fractions wherein x and y are greater than 0 and the sum of x and y is equal to 1.0; a and b are the numbers 0, 1 or 2; and n represents the number of monomer segments.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element has a surface layer with a ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms to silicon atoms of 0.5 or more, and a reflection factor is the surface layer for coherent light beams of 0.1 or less. Use of such an element prevents excessive light reflection at the surface layer, thereby preventing reflected light beams from forming interference fringes in a printed image. In this respect, the electrophotographic element according to the present invention is suitable for use as a photosensitive element in a laser printer utilizing a semiconductor laser beam as its light source.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic plate, that having an undercoating layer with smooth surface when observed by using a scanning electron microscope and an electric conductivity of at least 2.times.10.sup.-14 .OMEGA..sup.-1 .multidot.cm.sup.-1 between an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer is improved in electrophotographic properties which are hardly changed by changes of circumstances.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an intermediate layer between a support and a photosensitive layer, wherein said intermediate layer contains spherical resin fine powder.

Abstract: An imaging member comprising an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a charge generator layer, a charge transport layer comprising a polycarbonate film forming binder and a charge transporting small molecule, and an interface layer comprising a polymer and a charge transporting between the charge generator layer and the charge transport layer, wherein the interface layer comprises a mixture of a charge transporting material and certain phenolic epoxy polymers of polyesters.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprising a supporting substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a polymeric blocking layer and at least one photoconductive layer, the polymeric blocking layer having a surface resistivity greater than about 10.sup.10 ohm/sq between the supporting substrate and the photoconductive layer, the blocking layer comprising the heat dried product of a coating mixture comprising a film forming acid, metal salt, or ester copolymer comprising a backbone chain of repeating hydrocarbon units and acidic or acid derivative groups as pendant side chains chemically bonded to the backbone chain, the acidic groups selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids and acid anhydrides, and silica gel.

Abstract: An imaging member comprised of an optional supporting substrate; a ground plane layer; a blocking layer; an optional adhesive layer; a photogenerator layer; and a charge transport layer, wherein the blocking layer is comprised of a polyurethane of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a trivalent group; A' is a bivalent group; R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, substituted alkylene, arylene, and substituted arylene; x and y are number mole fractions the sum of which is equal to 1.0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate having a smooth surface, wherein said photosensitive layer has a surface roughness, represented by an average roughness Rz of ten points over a reference length of 2.5 mm, is equal to or larger than 1/2 of the wavelength of the light source employed for image formation.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrophotographic recording material, in which an aluminum substrate is coated with a blocking layer. The blocking layer is coated with a layer of amorphous silicon by direct current magnetron cathode sputtering. At least one sputter target containing silicon is used, and a power density of from about 2.0 W/cm.sup.2 to about 30 W/cm.sup.2 is used for the sputtering. The sputtering is performed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen and an inert gas, with a total pressure of inert gas and hydrogen being in a range from about 1.times.10.sup.-3 to about 10.times.10.sup.-3 mbar. This produces a layer of amorphous silicon having a hydrogen content of more than 40 atom %, an inert gas content in a range of 0.01 to 10 atom %, and in which the relative peak heights of the low and high temperature peaks during hydrogen effusion are approximately equal. The amorphous silicon layer is then coated with a cover layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor for electrophotography comprising a conductive support and a subbing layer thereon made of a hydroxystyrene polymer or copolymer. A photosensitive layer is formed on the subbing layer and may comprise a carrier generator layer and transport layer. Optionally, a surface protective layer may be present.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive support, an intermediate layer formed thereon, an a photoconductive layer formed on said intermediate layer, which intermediate layer comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: (a) monohydric aliphatic alcohol, (b) dihydric aliphatic alcohol, (c) polyethylene glycol, (d) polypropylene glycol, (e) polybutylene glycol, (f) polyethylene glycol monoester and/or polyethylene glycol diester, (g) polyethylene monoether, (h) crown ether, (i) a random or block copolymer having as structure units a hydroxyethylene group and a hydroxypropylene group, and hydroxyl groups at the terminal thereof, and (j) a polymer of a monomer having formula (I) and a copolymer of said monomer and a counterpart monomer: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; and n is an integer of 2 to 100.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer is in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material is described that comprises an electrically conducting base layer and a photoconductive system deposited thereon, which system comprises an optional insulating intermediate layer, a layer containing a charge-generating compound, and a layer containing a charge-transporting compound mixed with binders, along with any sensitizers, acceptors and usual additives. The photoconductive system contains, as acceptor additive, one or more monomeric or polymeric compounds that have electron-attracting substitutents (halogen, cyano, nitro groups) and that are selected from the group consisting of anthracene, acridine, the anhydrides of phthalic acid, maleic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, and the polymers of vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride and nitrocellulose, in a quantity of 0.2 to 10% by weight based on total coating weight.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device of improved flexibility is provided by using a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy resin substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a light receiving member which comprises a support, a photosensitive layer composed of amorphous material containing silicon atoms and at least either germanium atoms or tin atoms and a surface layer, said surface layer being of multi-layered structure having at least an abrasion-resistant layer at the outermost side and a reflection preventive layer in the inside, and said support having a surface provided with irregularities composed of spherical dimples each of which having an inside face provided with minute irregularities. The light receiving member overcomes all of the problems in the conventional light receiving member comprising a light receiving layer composed of an amorphous silicon and, in particular, effectively prevents the occurrence of interference fringe in the formed images due to the interference phenomenon thereby forming visible images of excellent quality even in the case of using coherent laser beams possible producing interference as a light source.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer comprisingat least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, fluorinated amorphous silicon,a surface modifying layer formed on the upper surface of said photosensitive layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, hydrogenated and fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride, fluorinated amorphous silicon nitride, and hydrogenated and fluorinated silicon nitride,a charge transport layer formed on the lower surface of said photosensitive layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, and hydrogenated and fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, the carbon content of said charge transport layer is within the range of 5 to 30 atomic % and said charge transp

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member for use in electrophotography comprising a substrate for electrophotography and a light receiving layer constituted by a charge injection inhibition layer formed of a polycrystal material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity which functions to prevent a charge from being injected from the side of the substrate, a photoconductive layer formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and a surface layer formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, the amount of the hydrogen atoms contained in the surface layer being in the range from 41 to 70 atomic %. The light receiving layer may have a contact layer and/or an absorption layer of light having a long wavelength.

Abstract: The photoconductive layer (3) has a triple-layer structure comprised of an upper layer (33) made of amorphous silicon containing germanium and carbon, a middle layer (32) made of amorphous silicon containing germanium, and a lower layer (31) made of amorphous silicon. The upper layer (33) formed between a surface layer (4) and the middle layer (32), and the lower layer (31) formed between the middle layer (32) and a barrier layer (2) serve to reduce the energy difference and the interfacial state between respective layers thus, high electrophotographic sensitivity for a longer wavelength light can be obtained, and sensitivity in the oscillation wavelength of a GaAlAs diode laser improves effectively.

Abstract: A flexible electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed which comprises a flexible substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a hole blocking layer comprising an aminosilane reaction product, an adhesive layer having a thickness between about 200 angstroms and about 900 angstroms consisting essentially of at least one copolyester resin having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein the diacid is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof, the diol comprises ethylene glycol, the mole ratio of diacid to diol is 1:1, n is a number between about 175 and about 350 and the T.sub.g of the copolyester resin is between about 50.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element consisting of an aluminum base, which is mechanically, chemically and/or electrochemically pretreated in a conventional manner, and a photoconductive layer which is applied to this base is produced by a process in which a thin layer which imparts hydrophilic properties and consists of a hydrolysis product or condensate of a silane is applied between the base and the photoconductive layer.These recording elements are particularly useful for electrophotographic offset printing.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member comprising a metal ground plane layer comprising zirconium, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer comprising photoconductive particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder, and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: A photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate; a barrier layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon with dopants therein; a photoconductive layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon; a first overcoating layer of nonstoichiometric silicon nitride; and a second overcoating layer of a silicone-silica hybrid polymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive substrate, a blocking layer formed on the conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer, formed on the blocking layer and a surface layer formed on the photoconductive layer. The blocking layer is formed from a microcrystalline silicon, which is made a p-type by being heavily doped with an element of Group III of the Periodic Table. The photoconductive layer is formed from an amorphous silicon which is lightly doped with an impurity element, and which is similar in properties to an intrinsic semiconductor. Rectifying contact is formed between the photoconductive layer and the blocking layer so that a depletion layer is formed by that interface toward the interior of the photoconductive layer. By so doing, it is possible to obtain a photosensitive member having a high sensitivity in the range from visible light to near-infrared light.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to this invention has an electrically conductive support, a charge-generation layer, a charge-transport layer and a protective layer which consists essentially of a thermo-setting silicone resin and a polyvinyl acetal resin.The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to this invention has improved durability in repeated copying operations due to the inclusion of the polyvinyl acetal resin into the protective layer.

Abstract: The photosensitive member is constituted by a supporting member made of pure aluminum coated with a porous amorphous aluminum oxide anhydride layer, a photoconductive layer formed on the supporting member and comprises a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer, an intermediate layer laminated on the photoconductive layer and consists of amorphous silicon nitride or amorphous silicon carbide and a surface layer laminated on the intermediate layerand consists of hydrogen containing amorphous boron nitride.

Abstract: A blocking layer is formed of amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si:C) or amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si:N) on a conductive substrate. A first photoconductive layer formed of a-Si:C or a-Si:N on the blocking layer contains 1.times.10.sup.-6 to 1.times.10.sup.-3 atomic % of a Group III or V element in the Periodic Table. A second photoconductive layer formed of on the first photoconductive layer contains 1.times.10.sup.-6 to 1.times.10.sup.-3 atomic % of a Group III or V element. The second photoconductive layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 45 .mu.m. With this multilayer structure, a photosensitive member having high charging and potential holding properties can be obtained.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member comprising at least one imaging layer capable of retaining an electrostatic latent image, a supporting substrate layer having an electrically conductive surface, and an electrically conductive ground strip layer adjacent the electrostatographic imaging layer and in electrical contact with the electrically conductive layer, the electrically conductive ground strip layer comprising a film forming binder, conductive particles and crystalline particles dispersed in the film forming binder and a reaction product of a bi-functional chemical coupling agent with both the film forming binder and the crystalline particles. This imaging member may be employed in an electrostatographic imaging process.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electro-photography has a photoconductive layer comprising a hydrogenated amorphous semiconductor composed of silicon and/or germanium as a matrix and at least one chemical modifier such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contained in the matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed for incorporation in imaging members are novel aromatic ether compositions of the formula R--X--R.sub.1, wherein R and R.sub.1 are independently selected from arylamino and substituted arylamino groups, and X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. Also disclosed are photoresponsive imaging devices containing a photogenerating layer and in contact therewith a hole transport layer comprised of the aromatic ethers illustrated herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic recording material comprising a photoconductive double layer disposed on an electrically conductive support, which double layer comprises a precoat layer and a photoconductor-containing topcoat layer. The interface region of the precoat and topcoat layers defines a mixing zone into which one or more of the constituents of the separate layers have diffused. A process for producing the electrophotographic recording material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element which comprises forming, on an electrically conductive substrate, an intermediate layer designed to function so that carriers homopolar with those injected from said substrate at the time of charging may become majority carrier, and forming, on said intermediate layer, a photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed comprising a charge generation layer, a contiguous charge transport layer comprising an aromatic amine or hydrazone charge transport molecule in a continuous polymeric binder phase, and a cellulosic hole trapping material located on the same side of the charge transport layer as the charge generation layer, the cellulosic hole trapping material being free of electron withdrawing groups and having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyether group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an aminoalkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and n is the number of cellulose repeating units from 1 to 3,000. A process for using this electrophotographic imaging member is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved photoresponsive device comprised in the order stated of (1) a substrate, (2) a transmissive semi-conductive layer selected from the group consisting of indium-tin oxide, cadmium tin oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxides, titanium nitrides, titanium silicides, and mixtures thereof (3) a photogenerating layer comprised of an inorganic photoconductive composition or an organic photoconductive composition, dispersed in a resinous binder and (4) a charge carrier transport layer comprised of a combination of a resinous binder having dispersed therein small molecules of an electrically active material, the combination of which is substantially non-absorbing to visible light and allows the injection of photogenerating holes from the charge photogenerating layer in contact therewith, the electrically active material being of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of ortho CH.sub.3, meta CH.sub.3, para CH.sub.

Abstract: An improved electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a blocking layer formed from a doped, microcrystalline semiconductor alloy. The blocking layer is adapted to cooperate with the photoconductive layer of the photoreceptor to prevent the injection of undesirable charge carriers into the bulk of the photoconductive layer. Also disclosed are methods for the fabrication of the improved photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by having a phenolic resin layer formed from a resol coat, between a substrate and a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a substrate and a photosensitive layer, and an electroconductive layer containing an electroconductive material, a binder and a leveling agent is provided between the substrate and the photosensitive layer. The silicone compound leveling agent improves the interfaces between the electroconductive layer and both the substrate and photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electro-photography has a photoconductive layer comprising a hydrogenated amorphous semiconductor composed of silicon and/or germanium as a matrix and at least one chemical modifier such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contained in the matrix.

Abstract: A layer of amorphous silicon containing H, preferably 10-40 atomic % H, is used as a photoconductive layer for electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: Image-forming member for electrophotography comprising a charge generation layer composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.