Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising a photoconductive layer composed of hydrogenated and/or fluorinated amorphous silicon, a surface modifying layer formed on the above photoconductive layer and composed of hydrogenated and/or fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide and a charge transport layer formed below the above photoconductive layer and composed of hydrogenated and/or fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide wherein the thickness "t" of the above surface modifying layer is selected in a range 400 .ANG..ltoreq.t<2,000 .ANG..

Abstract: A support for electrophotographic plate-making material comprising (1) a paper base; (2) a polyolefin layer on both sides of the paper base, wherein the polyolefin layer has a volume electric resistance of 10.sup.10 .OMEGA. or less; and (3) an ionomer coated between the paper base and the polyolefin layer, wherein the ionomer is prepared by ion-crosslinking a copolymer comprising at least one .alpha.-olefin and at least one .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with a monovalent, divalent or trivalent ion of a metal of Group I, II, III, IV-A or VIII of the periodic table.

Abstract: Disclosed are the use of novel squaraine compositions selected from the group consisting of bis(2-fluoro-4-methylbenzylaminophenyl)squaraine, bis(2-fluoro-4-methyl-p-chlorobenzylaminophenyl)squaraine, bis(2-fluoro-4-methyl-p-fluorobenzylphenyl)squaraine, and bis(2-fluoro-4-methyl-m-chlorobenzylaminophenyl)squaraine, in photoresponsive devices, particularly layered photoresponsive devices which are sensitive to infrared and/or visible illumination.

Abstract: An electrophotographic lithographic printing material comprised of a conductive support, an interlayer, and a photoconductive layer is disclosed. The conductive support is comprised of a conductive paper laminated with carbon-containing polyethylene on both surfaces thereof using, as the interlayer, a polymer having the constructing units shown by following formulae and an acid value of 10 to 100; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group; and n is an integer of 1 to 10, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprising a conductive layer, a photoconductive layer and a barrier layer between the conductive layer and the photoconductive layer characterized in that the barrier layer comprises a polymerized crosslinked monomer having an aliphatic or aromatic group comprising at least one .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carbonyl-containing substituent is disclosed.

Abstract: Glow discharge method and apparatus useful for coating electrophotographic photoreceptors in the form of drums and plates are described. Improved photoreceptors using amorphous silicon which accepts a high surface voltage in the dark and discharges to a low residual voltage under illumination are also described.

Abstract: An improved photoresponsive device comprised in the order stated of (1) a supporting substrate, (2) a photoconductive layer comprised of squaraine compositions of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is selected from the moieties specified resulting in the following -squaraines:I. bis-9-(8-hydroxyjulolidinyl)squaraine ##STR2## II. bis-9-(8,10-dihydroxyjulolidinyl)squaraine ##STR3## III. bis(4-dimethylamino-2-methylthiophenyl)squaraine ##STR4## and IV. bis(2,6-dihydroxy-4-dimethylaminophenyl)squaraine ##STR5## and (3) a diamine hole transport layer.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electrophotography has a photoconductive layer comprising a hydrogenated amorphous semiconductor composed of silicon and/or germanium as a matrix and at least one chemical modifier such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contained in the matrix.

Abstract: Photoconductive elements comprising a support, a .beta.-phase indium phthalocyanine charge generation layer and a charge transport layer have excellent photosensitivity in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: A process for producing a photoconductive member, which comprises forming a photoconductive layer on a substrate for formation of a photoconductive layer by introducing starting substances for formation of a photoconductive layer under gaseous state into a deposition chamber maintained under a desired reduced pressure and exciting discharging under the gas atmosphere of said starting substances is characterized in that said starting substances are constituted of at least one substance selected from the first group consisting of substances(O) containing oxygen atoms as constituent atom, substances(N) containing nitrogen atoms as constituent atom and substances(C) containing carbon atoms as constituent atom, and at least two compounds selected from the second group consisting of the compounds of the formula:Si.sub.n H.sub.2n+2 (A)wherein n is a positive integer and the compounds of the formula:Si.sub.m H.sub.l X.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a conductive layer containing cuprous iodide and a photoconductive layer. The photoconductive and electrophotographic characteristics are improved by forming a gelatin interlayer between the conductive layer and the photoconductive layer. The electrophotographic light-sensitive material can be used with either positive polarity or negative polarity.

Abstract: An improved layered photoresponsive device comprised of a substrate, a photogenerating layer, comprised of inorganic photoconductive composition, or an organic photoconductive composition, a charge carrier transport layer in contact with the photogenerating layer, which transport layer is comprised of electrically active molecules of the formula: ##STR1## dispersed in a highly insulating and transparent organic resinous material, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of (ortho) CH.sub.3, (meta) CH.sub.3, (para) CH.sub.3, (ortho) Cl, (meta) Cl, (para) Cl; and as a top coating in contact with the charge carrier transport layer, an arylmethane of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkylaryl groups and arylalkyl groups, R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and methyl, R.sub.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved photoresponsive device comprised of a substrate, a hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, an inorganic photogenerating layer, an organic photoconductive layer sensitive to infra-red radiation, and a top coating of a hole transport layer. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an improved photoresponsive device comprised in the order stated of the following layers: (1) a conductive substrate, (2) a metal oxide hole blocking layer, (3) an adhesive layer, (4) an inorganic photogenerating layer, (5) a photoconductive composition capable of enhancing or reducing the intrinsic properties of the photogenerating layer, which composition is selected from the group consisting of organic photoconductive compositions, charge transfer complex compositions, sensitizers, or mixtures thereof, and (6) a hole transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image-forming member comprises: an electrophotographic supporting substrate; a photoconductive layer constituted of an amorphous material which contains silicon atoms as matrix and at least one of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms; and a resin layer formed by use of a ladder type of silicon resin, between said supporting substrate and photo-conductive layer.

Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a paper substrate in either sheet or web form to form a base useful in forming electrostatic masters. A thin coating of a reactive film forming resin is applied to the paper and the resin reacted with an ammonium zirconyl complex and dried. This treatment avoids blocking or sticking together of successive layers of paper coated with relatively low glass transition temperature film forming resins.

Abstract: Organic photoconductive elements which are stable and sensitive over a broad range of the spectrum, including the near infrared band, having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer carried on an electroconductive support are disclosed. The invention involves the use of a first layer between the support and the charge generating layer which is capable of functioning as (i) an adhesive bonding layer on the electroconductive support to provide a receptive and retentive base layer for the charge generating layer and (ii) as a barrier layer to prevent substantially any leakage of charge from the surface of the photoconductor, characterized by the first layer comprising at least one polycarbonate having a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 25,000 to about 45,000, in combination with a charge generating layer that comprises at least one organic pigment which is sensitive to near infrared radiation.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of electrostatic masters, and product prepared thereby, said masters having improved water and pick resistance for lithographic printing. The method comprises applying a barrier coat formulation to a substrate wherein the formulation contains an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of at least about 60% ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having non-polar functionality and about 3 to about 40% of a polymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomer having polar functionality.

Abstract: An electrostatic master for lithographic printing characterized by a base, a barrier coat thereon, and a photo-conductive layer. The barrier coat includes a hydrophobic thermoplastic film-forming resin having labile hydrogen-containing functional groups and a conductive agent. The conductive agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. The salts have only a minimal effect on water resistance and result in excellent reduction in the dielectric characteristics of the barrier coat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a layered photosensitive device which can be used in an electrophotographic imaging system, this device comprising a substrate which can be conductive or nonconductive, a hole injecting layer capable of injecting positive charges or holes into a layer on its surface, comprised of trigonal selenium, alloys of selenium-tellurium or nickel selenide, a combined or separate transport and generating layer in operative contact with the layer of hole injecting material such layer in one embodiment being comprised of an inorganic or organic photoconductive materials, and as an optional layer an insulating resin overlaying the photoconductive layer. Examples of materials useful as the transport-generating layer include selenium, arsenic-selenium alloys, metal phthalocyanines, metal free phthalocyanines. Also certain types of diamine compounds can be used as the transport layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic member having an amorphous-silicon photoconductive layer, wherein the distance between a portion in which light illuminating the photoconductor is absorbed therein until its intensity decreases to 1% of that at incidence and the interface of the photoconductor opposite to the light incidence side thereof is at most 5 .mu.m, whereby the residual potential of the photoconductive layer can be reduced.That part of the photoconductive layer constituting the electrophotographic member which is at least 10 nm thick inwardly of the photoconductive layer from the surface thereof to store charges is made of amorphous silicon which has an optical forbidden band gap of at least 1.6 eV and a resistivity of at least 10.sup.10 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. Further, within such photoconductive layer, a region of amorphous silicon which has an optical forbidden band gap smaller than that of the amorphous silicon forming the surface part is disposed at a thickness of at least 10 nm.

Abstract: A charge carrier member comprising an intermediate layer composed of a heat-resistant resin containing electrically conductive material, a charge carrier layer composed of a heat-resistant resin, and a support member. The support member is an electrically conductive support member or consists of an electrically conductive member which is provided on an insulating member. A method of forming a copy image which comprises a step for forming an electrostatic latent image on the charge carrier member, a step for converting the electrostatic latent image into a toner image using a developing agent, and a step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel electrophotographic imaging systems and particularly to novel electrophotographic photoreceptors. These photoreceptors comprise a conductive substrate, an inorganic barrier-charge transport layer, and a photoconductive insulative layer. The barrier charge transport layer comprises aluminum oxide having a non-porous zone adjacent the substrate, and a porous charge transport zone.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises an electroconductive supporting material and a photoconductive layer containing a charge carrier producing pigment and a charge transporting material therein, which is formed on the electroconductive supporting material. As the charge carrier producing pigment, azo pigments and other materials which are known as the charge carrier producing pigments are employed. As the charge transporting material, anthracene compounds which are represented by the general formula ##STR1## are employed, wherein X represents H (hydrogen) or a halogen atom and R represents an unsubstituted phenyl radical, a substituted phenyl radial having a halogen substituent, a cyano substituent, a lower dialkyl amino substituent with one to four carbon atoms, a lower alkoxyl substituent with one to five carbon atoms, and nitro substituent, a napthyl radical, an anthryl radical, and a carbazoyl radical.

Abstract: An electrostatic master having improved water, cockle and pick resistance for lithographic printing, and method for making the same, comprising a base, a barrier coat applied to said base, and a photoconductive layer containing a photoconductive material and binder applied to said barrier coat. The barrier coat preferably comprises a copolymer of at least 60% ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having non-polar functionality and about 3 to about 40% of a polymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomer having polar functionality. The barrier coat preferably contains about 2.5 to about 50% plastic particles based on the weight of the barrier coat. The barrier coat achieves improved water resistance at low coat weights, and thus can be applied without substantial change in conductivity.

Abstract: A photoconductive material (11) coated on a drum, belt or sheet (22) is formed with a first photoconductive layer (11b) which is insensitive to red light, a second photoconductive layer (11d) which is sensitive to red light and a transparent insulating layer (11c) formed either between the photoconductive layers (11b), (11d) or on top thereof. The outer surface of the material (11) is radiated with white light while applying a first electrostatic charge thereto rendering both photoconductive layers (11b), (11d) photoconductive. Then, the material (11) is radiated with red light rendering only the second photoconductive layer (11d) photoconductive while applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity. Then, a third electrostatic charge of the same polarity as the first electrostatic charge is applied in the dark. The result is that electrostatic charges of opposite polarities are formed at the outer surfaces of the first and second photoconductive layers (11b), (11d).

Abstract: Electrophotographic element typically comprising in sandwiched arrangement a transition metal oxide layer and a photoconductive layer. When an electric field is applied across the element, preferably after inserting the element between a pair of electrode layers, and an optical image is projected onto the photoconductive layer, the resulting conductivity pattern in the photoconductive layer causes corresponding coloration in the transition metal oxide layer, thereby visibly recording the optical image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electric charge injection layer, an amorphous photoconductive layer on said charge injection layer, and an insulating layer on said amorphous photoconductive layer, said charge injection layer containing halogen as an impurity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic plate having a laminated structure comprising a first Se layer containing 3 to 10% by weight of As, a second Se layer containing 40 to 47% by weight of Te and 3 to 10% by weight of As and a fourth Se layer consisting solely of Se or comprising Se and up to 10% by weight of As or an organic semiconductor layer, wherein a substrate is arranged so that at least the face of the substrate which is contiguous to the face of one of said first Se layer and said fourth Se layer or organic semiconductor layer, that is located on the outer side of the laminated structure, is electrically conductive.It is preferred that the fourth Se layer be formed by vacuum evaporation deposition while maintaining the substrate temperature at 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. The residual potential of the electrophotographic plate can be reduced.

Abstract: A reflex exposure imaging member including a transparent conductive support member and a photoconductive layer disposed on said support member and an optical screen disposed between the photoconductive layer and the support member wherein the photoconductive layer includes an N,N'-diphenyl, N,N'-substituted diphenylbenzidine compound and a pyrylium, thiapyrylium or selenapyrylium salt in an insulating binder, the photoconductive layer having a thickness of about 5 to about 20 microns and an optical density of from about 0.1 to about 0.8.

Abstract: A subtractive color electrophotographic process is disclosed for producing a multicolor print from a single exposure of a color original. The process utilizes a novel multilayer recording element containing an electrically conducting layer, an insulating layer and two or more photoconductive layers, each spectrally sensitized to a different portion of the optical spectrum. In carrying out the process, the recording element is first uniformly charged and exposed to a color original and then developed by a multistep procedure. Each step of the development procedure comprises flood exposing the recording element to radiation to which at least one of the photoconductive layers is responsive while applying toner particles having a different subtractive color characteristic and an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: A photoconductive structure comprises an electrically insulating substrate bearing an evaporated metal electrode pattern, and a 60 to 150 nm thick polyimide film disposed between a sintered cadmium selenide layer and the substrate with the superposed electrode pattern. In the absence of the polyimide film, there had been unacceptable attack of the electrode structure and of silica substrates by the cadmium selenide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic sheet material suitable for use as an offset printing master, comprising: a fibrous substrate, a continuous film of cellulose nitrate thereon and a layer of photo conductive material on said film.

Abstract: Charge leakage can occur at a photoconductor-conductor electrode interface of a thermoplastic photoconductive holographic recording medium. This reduces the charge contrast and causes poor performance of the thermoplastic-photoconductive device. In the present invention there is provided a blocking layer of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl butyral between the conductive layer and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic sheet material suitable for use as an offset printing master, comprising: a fibrous substrate, a continuous film of cellulose nitrate thereon and a layer of photo conductive material on said film.

Abstract: A layer of amorphous silicon containing H, preferably 10-40 atomic %H, is used as a photoconductive layer for electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An improved heat-developable photosensitive material is disclosed which comprises an infrared rays-absorbing layer provided in contact with or adjacent to a layer comprising a reducible organic silver salt.

Abstract: Electroconductive coating formulations consisting essentially of (1) a barrier coating which comprises a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene latexes, sodium alginate or fluorocarbons with starch; and (2) a conductive coating.

Abstract: A photoconductive element giving prolonged service without appreciable deterioration of its properties as the imaging medium in an indirect electrophotograpic copier is obtained by the provision, on an electrically conductive support that preferably is electrically conductive paper coated with a thin layer of hydroxyethyl cellulose, of a photoconductive layer composed essentially of continuous tone zinc oxide and at least one other photoconductive zinc oxide dispersed in a binder consisting predominantly of an organic polymer having an acid number between 10 and 30, such as an acrylic resin or such resin with 1 to 15% of styrene-modified alkyd resin, at a weight ratio of between 5 and 3 parts of zinc oxide per part of binder. The content of continuous tone zinc oxide preferably is limited to a minor proportion amounting to between 6 and 30% of the total zinc oxide content.

Abstract: Long-life multilayer photoconductive members of the ZnO type are obtained when the successive layers are deposited using solvents, drying temperatures, etc. which do not affect the layers previously deposited. In such fashion, at least 4,000 cycles of use are possible.

Abstract: A multi-active photoconductive insulating element having at least two layers comprising a charge-generation layer and an organic photoconductor-containing charge-transport layer is disclosed. The charge-generation layer contains a continuous polymeric phase having dispersed therein a co-crystalline complex composed of (i) at least one polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit and (ii) at least one pyrylium-type dye salt.

Abstract: Process and device for the automatic dilution of solutions using a peristaltic pump. Successive dilution processes can be carried out with a relative precision that remains high for a long time and without manual interference, with the advantage that the device is easily adjustable to any desired degrees of dilution. The peristaltic pump rotates continuously at a constant rate in one direction and the suction line immerses alternately, in each case during a certain number of pump strokes, in the solution to be diluted and in a diluent. A dilution operation is comprised of three stages, in which the suction tube is immersed in the diluent in the first and last stages and in the solutions to be diluted in the middle stage.