Abstract: The burner has at least two fuel-carrying tubes which are arranged in parallel, the distance between adjacent fuel-carrying tubes being 5 to 30 cm. Each fuel-carrying tube is surrounded by a steam-carrying tube, which at its orifice end has a supply line for oxygen-containing gas. The steam-carrying tubes are surrounded by a common first cooling chamber through which cooling liquid is passed, the first cooling chamber constituting an annular chamber and extending into the area of the orifice ends of the steam-carrying tubes. Coaxial to the first cooling chamber a common second cooling chamber preferably is provided, which is surrounded by the first cooling chamber.

Abstract: A cyclonic burner suitably adapted for use in either a properly vented indoor or outdoor recreational setting. The cyclonic burner comprising an external housing member, a top cover fixedly attached thereto to form and define an internal combustion chamber suitably configured to receive and burn a combustible fuel therein, and fuel burning means generally comprising an combustion air plenum chamber, an external blower motor operably attached thereto for supplying air into the combustion air plenum chamber and a plurality of air inlet ports tangentially positioned within the external housing member in a linear-like manner, with each of the air inlet ports principally serving as an effective passageway for delivery of air from the combustion air plenum chamber to the internal combustion chamber insofar to commence and sustain combustion of fuels contained therein and produce an ascending cyclonic flame capable of extending a predetermined distance beyond the top cover.

Abstract: An improved burner and a method for combusting fuel in burners used in furnaces, such as those used in steam cracking, are disclosed. The burner includes a burner tube having an upstream end and a downstream end and means for drawing flue gas from the furnace or air from a source of air or mixtures thereof in response to an inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel flowing through the burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end. A burner tip is mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, the burner tip having a plurality of main ports in an external surface thereof so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip, the number and dimensions of said main ports in said external surface being such that the ratio of the total area of the main ports in said external surface is at least 1 square inch per million (MM) Btu/hr burner capacity.

Abstract: Low NOx axial premix burner apparatus and methods for burning fuel gas are provided by the present invention. The methods of the invention are basically comprised of the steps of mixing a first portion of the fuel gas and all of the air to form a lean primary fuel gas-air mixture, discharging the lean primary fuel gas-air mixture into the furnace space whereby the mixture is burned in a primary combustion zone therein, discharging a second portion of the fuel gas into the primary combustion zone to stabilize the flame produced therein and discharging the remaining portion of the fuel gas into a secondary combustion zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: A burner module for delivering a flow of chemical reactants to a combustion site of a chemical vapor deposition process includes a plurality of substantially planar layers. The substantially planar layers are arranged in a generally parallel and fixed relationship and define an inlet, an outlet and a passage fluidly connecting the inlet and outlet. At least one of the layers is a distribution layer having a plurality of apertures therethrough and fluidly communicating with the passage. The plurality of apertures collectively define a non-uniform pattern arranged and configured to improve the uniformity of a flow out through the outlet. Burner adapter and assembly embodiments are also included.

Abstract: Provided is a burner which includes a pipe having a free end region designed to be housed in a furnace quarl. The pipe includes one or more fuel feed ducts surrounded over part of their length by a sheath which defines an oxidizer feed channel and is fastened to a flange. A jacket is disposed around at least part of the length of the end region so as itself to be housed in the quarl and to define a feed channel for a second oxidizer between the jacket and the internal wall of the quarl. The jacket is fastened to a flange for securing to the quarl and the flange for the sheath is fastened to that for the jacket. The burner has particular applicability in industrial furnaces, especially for melting non-ferrous materials, for rehearing or for annealing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting a fuel with an oxidant are described, the apparatus comprising a ceramic burner block, the burner block having a back face and a front face. The burner block has at least one oxidant cavity in an upper portion of the burner block, and at least one fuel cavity in a lower portion of the burner block, each cavity extending from the back face to the front face. The at least one oxidant cavity has positioned therein a fuel supply conduit, the fuel supply conduit having a fuel supply conduit exit positioned a sufficient distance from the front face to allow combustion of at least a portion of fuel exiting the fuel supply conduit exit with at least some of the oxidant traversing the oxidant cavity, and the least one fuel cavity having connected thereto, near the back face, an oxidant conduit, thereby allowing mixing of a minor portion of the oxidant with the fuel.

Abstract: A process for installing a refractory burner block in a glass furnace crown, wherein the glass furnace crown comprises a second refractory material different than the burner block refractory, includes installing a refractory crown block in the furnace crown, wherein the crown block refractory is compatible with the burner block refractory and the second refractory material, wherein the crown block is provided with a hole for accepting the burner block; and disposing the burner block into the crown block hole in sealing engagement therewith.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner generates a long, luminous, stable and adjustable flame temperature profile flame by incorporating separate, fuel and oxygen jets oriented in a unique geometry. In one preferred embodiment, the fuel is injected horizontally at medium injection velocity (50-200 m/s) while primary oxygen is injected underneath the fuel jet at supersonic velocity (300-500 m/s). The supersonic velocity oxygen jet (20 to 50% required for stoichiometric combustion) entrains fuel and furnaces gases in it's core for the primary flame development over the furnace load. The subsequent mixing of the fuel, primary oxygen and entrained furnace gases establish a low NOx, stable, long and luminous primary flame. The secondary oxidant, preferably air or low purity oxygen (50 to 80% of stoichiometric needs), is injected above the flame using one or more oxygen jets to create an oxy-fuel flame with adjustable flame characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a burner which includes a pipe having a free end region designed to be housed in a furnace quarl. The pipe includes one or more fuel feed ducts surrounded over part of their length by a sheath which defines an oxidizer feed channel and is fastened to a flange. A jacket is disposed around at least part of the length of the end region so as itself to be housed in the quarl and to define a feed channel for a second oxidizer between the jacket and the internal wall of the quarl; the jacket is fastened to a flange for securing to the quarl and the flange for the sheath is fastened to that for the jacket. The burner has particular applicability in industrial furnaces, especially for melting non-ferrous materials, for reheating or for annealing.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid fuel burners having low NOx and dust emission, and it also relates to liquid atomizers or sprayers for such burners. The removable atomizer for a liquid fuel burner head is made as a single piece, has a longitudinal central orifice for passing fuel plus a plurality of longitudinal peripheral orifices for passing a spray fluid, and on each of its faces it further includes a depression surrounding said central orifice.

Abstract: In furnaces for producing high purity fused silica glass boules, glass particles have a tendency to build-up adjacent the burner hole rim. It was discovered that unburned furnace gases containing silica particles where re-circulated in the furnace close to the burner hole rim and reacted with the oxygen of infiltrated air adjacent the burner hole, and thus deposited such particles in the form of a glassy build-up about the rim of the burner hole. In order to eliminate the source of oxygen adjacent the burner hole rim, a curtain of an inert gas is caused to flow through the burner hole between the sidewalls of the burner hole and the flame of the burner. Accordingly, the curtain of inert gas inhibits the combustion of the unburned hydrogen and carbon monoxide furnace gases adjacent the exit rim of the burner hole and thereby minimizes glass build-up about the burner hole rim.

Abstract: A method for protecting a synthesis gas generator burner heat shield includes coating the burner heat shield with an overlay alloy coating composition of the formula MCrAlY wherein M is selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, and cobalt. In a preferred embodiment, the coating includes from about 20-40 weight % Co, 5-35 weight % Cr, 5-10 weight % Ta, 0.8-10 weight % Al, 0.5-0.8 Y, 1-5 weight % Si and 5-15 weight % Al2O3.

Abstract: In a combustion process, especially one used for melting glass, the delivery of fuel is ensured by an apparatus having at least one burner (5) which is equipped with at least one injector (1) that includes a liquid fuel delivery tube (2) which has at least one internal wall (25) and an injected fluid delivery tube (3) arranged concentrically with respect to the liquid fuel delivery tube. Immediately before injecting the liquid fuel from its delivery tube, one puts it in the shape of a hollow jet basically assuming the shape of the internal wall. This has application for the reduction of NOx in a glass-making oven.

Abstract: A burner (10) for use in both high O2 environments and low O2 environments comprises an outer tube (24) and an inner tube (26). The outer tube (24) defines a flow passage (53) and includes an inlet portion (42), an outlet portion (46), and a nozzle portion (44) interconnecting the inlet portion (42) and outlet portion (46). The inlet portion (42) has a larger effective cross-sectional area than the outlet portion (46) so that air (20) or an air-and-fuel mixture (35) moving through nozzle portion (44) is accelerated. The inner tube (26) is positioned to lie in the flow passage (53) of the outer tube (24) and is formed to include fuel-injection holes (78) to conduct fuel (33) into the flow passage (53).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting the flame exit velocity of a high velocity burner. The burner includes burner combustor chamber having a fluid accelerating nozzle and a burner combustor exhaust port. Fuel is delivered to the burner combustor through a fuel inlet. An ignitor is provided to initiate combustion of the fuel which is mixed with air from an air inlet. An adjusting device is provided to vary the flame exit area of the burner. The adjusting device includes an adjusting rod connected to an extension rod which preferably extends through the burner ignition chamber to the burner combustion exit port. For example, a tapered plug is attached to the end of the extension rod. The tapered plug is tapered in a direction decreasing toward the burner combustion exit port and can include fins attached around a periphery of the plug.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for combusting and/or gasifying a generally viscous liquid or a slurry wherein the liquid or slurry are atomized in a central atomization device within a burner housing the central atomization device using a portion of a gaseous oxidant introduced into the burner to atomize the liquid or slurry as it exits the atomization device.

Abstract: A water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature material tiles. Angular segments of a tile annulus around a burner nozzle orifice are secured to the water jacket face by furnace melted, high temperature brazed metal. The metal water jacket face along radial joints between adjacent tiles is protected by stepped or scarfed lap joints.

Abstract: Process for partial oxidation in a Claus furnace of at least one gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide, comprising the steps of:(a) injecting at least one gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and at least one oxygen-enriched gas stream into the Claus furnace, wherein each of the streams is injected at a speed of injection which is substantially parallel,(b) controlling the speed of injection of the gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and the speed of injection of the oxygen-enriched gas stream such that the speeds have a ratio between 0.8 and 1.2.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets-, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A heating system with a combustion chamber into which fuel is fed via a fuel feed unit in the form of an injection device which operates on the energy-storage principle and has a pump and a nozzle device which delivers bursts of fuel in specified quantities. With this fuel burner, it is possible to select both the quantity of fuel injected and the injection frequency independently of any boundary conditions, thereby optimizing levels of harmful pollutants in the exhaust gas and effectively counteracting resonance vibrations in the burner.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: An oil burner includes a pivotal cover that exposes a unitary gun assembly. The gun assembly is movable longitudinally with respect to the central axis of the air tube of the burner by rotating a cam. A spinner assembly is positioned on the gun assembly. The air cone is divided into various surfaces, some of which are at angles to the axis of the air tube. The burner further includes an adjustable air entry port. A work station for facilitating nozzle replacement is also included. The firing rate is controlled by the air entry port setting, the nozzle used, and the position of the nozzle and spinner assembly in the air cone.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The heat shield element is secured to the water jacket face by means of six, for example, radially aligned bayonet mounts. Along each of the radial mounting lines, a pair of radially aligned posts project from the water jacket face. Blind sockets in the heat shield back side surface are aligned to receive the posts therein. Radial bayonet channels between the heat shield face side and backside surfaces connect the inner outer heat shield perimeters through the posts and post sockets. Bayonet wires through the bayonet channels secure the heat shield position relative to the water jacket face.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The shield material is formed into two ceramic rings that face or cover the nozzle water jacket face. A circular joint between the outer perimeter of an interior shield annulus is stepped to provide a protective lap with the interior perimeter of an exterior shield annulus. The interior ceramic ring is secured in place around the burner nozzle orifice by external lugs projecting radially from the nozzle extruder lip. A second set of external lugs is provided around the outer perimeter of the water jacket face. Internal sectors within a perimeter cuff bracket secure the outer ceramic ring to the water jacket face.

Abstract: An opposed louver air damper apparatus for controlling the flow rate of combustion air to a burner fire box, comprising a plurality of adjacent, rotatable louvers having rubber tips and side gaskets providing sealing between the louvers and a frame, and geared responsive shafts supporting the louvers for controllably rotating the louvers to determinative positions to modulate the volume of air passing through the louver apparatus, wherein the gears in meshing engagement precisely maintains the relative position of the louvers, and the gaskets operate to minimize undesirable leakage through the air damper. The gears form teeth in arcuate portions of the full circumference to limit the rotational movement to only that within the toothed portion of the gear.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of a fuel and oxidant in which a first portion of a fuel is mixed with an oxidant to form a fuel-lean fuel/oxidant mixture in a fuel-lean combustion zone. The remaining portion of fuel is mixed with the fuel-lean fuel/oxidant mixture downstream of the fuel-lean combustion zone, forming a substantially stoichiometric fuel/oxidant mixture. The stoichiometric fuel/oxidant mixture is ignited, forming a primary flame having high luminosity and low NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: A non-water cooled burner is provided for preparation of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing gas applied as oxidiser. The burner comprises a burner head and an arrangement of passages or channels for feeding the fuel and oxidiser and optionally a moderator gas to a reactor. The burner head is provided with a non-ceramic lining or thin-walled mantle mounted at its one end on the burner head and its other end directed to the reactor and surrounding the passages. The non-ceramic lining is externally provided with a protection shield against hot synthesis gas, the protection shield comprising a plurality of separate ceramic members which join sideways at least partially in such a manner that the non-ceramic lining at its the other end is encircled over a determined part of its length by the plurality of separate ceramic members. The plurality of ceramic members is fixed on the non-ceramic lining.

Abstract: A gas burner produces a homogeneous mixture of gas and air in a short mixing zone by creating turbulence to promote thorough mixing. The burner includes a burner housing supporting a gas distribution tube and an air blower, the distribution tube emitting jets of gas in a radial direction and supporting a baffle plate having a plurality of openings. Air from the blower impinges on the jets of gas to form streams of gas and air that pass through the openings in the baffle plate. A diffuser ring is disposed downstream from the baffle plate and extends radially inward to form a flow constriction. The streams of gas and air contact the diffuser ring and undergo turbulence and the resulting mixture of gas and air passes through the diffuser ring and expands within the interior of a perforated combustion head. The mixture passes through the perforations and when ignited obtains combustion of nearly 100% of the gas and produces a very even flame profile.

Abstract: To sealingly retain a radiant heat exchange tube extending through an opening (5) in a wall (3) of a furnace, and to isolate the atmosphere within the furnace space (2) from outside ambient space, a thin-wall sleeve (25) has a first portion (40) shrinkfitted around the radiant heat exchange tube (7) which, for high temperature resistance, is made of a ceramic, preferably silicon carbide. A second portion (42, 44, 46) of the sleeve (25) which conically expands, is secured to a flange element (23), for example by welding, which, in turn, is secured for examples by screws, to a flange structure (8) on the wall (3) of the furnace. The flange element (23) has an inner diameter which is greater than the outer diameter of the tube (7). The sleeve (25) is preferably made of iron-nickel and has a wall thickness which is about 1/10 of the wall thickness of the ceramic tube (7).

Abstract: Rotary burner suitable for installation on a sidewall (11) of a furnace and for cooperating with the inside of the furnace, which comprises at least one sidewall (11) equipped with cooled panels (18), the rotary burner (10) including at least one supporting and fixture assembly (12) solidly associated with the sidewall (11) of the furnace and at least one positioning and orientation assembly (13) rotatably fitted on the axis of the supporting and fixture assembly (12), the positioning and orientation assembly (13) containing a through hole (22) in which a body (14) of the burner (10) is removably secured in a retracted position, the through hole (22) having its axis (34) downwardly inclined towards the inside of the furnace by an angle ".beta." between 10.degree. and 60.degree. in relation to the axis (33) of rotation of the positioning and orientation assembly (13), the positioning and orientation assembly (13) being able to be rotated by at least an arc of a circumference up to .+-.180.degree.

Abstract: An oxyburner (1) is associated with an opening (3) comprising a through passage (2) comprising a substantially cylindrical inlet region (5) receiving the downstream end of the oxyburner (1) and a substantially cylindrical outlet region (4) of a diameter D.sub.s and a length L.sub.s, the ratio D.sub.s /D.sub.e being comprised between 1.5 and 2.5 and the ratio L.sub.s /(D.sub.s -D.sub.e) comprised between 2 and 7. The speed of ejection of the oxygenated combustible gas is greater than 5 meters/second and the speed of ejection of the combustible gas is greater than the speed of the combustion-supporting gas.

Abstract: A coal burner with impeller for a furnace has a housing containing a plurality of sets of blades which direct the fuel from the coal nozzle into a plurality of non-intersecting flows directed obliquely towards the longitudinal axis of the housing. The non-intersecting flows create a fuel-rich devolatilization zone and an air-rich char burnout zone within the furnace and limit the flame length of the burner.

Abstract: A premix burner assembly for heating the combustion chamber of a dryer for an HMA plant, soil remediation plant, or the like is designed to meet the very low emission limitations that are imposed in certain areas such as the southern portion of California. The burner assembly includes a burner, a primary nozzle, an air source connected to the burner, a fuel source, and a fuel injection system connected to the fuel source and to the burner. Premixing is achieved through the supply of a gaseous fuel from the fuel injection system into the burner upstream of the primary nozzle so as to lead to nearly complete premixing of the air and fuel prior to discharge into the combustion chamber, thereby permitting combustion of the fuel with only very small amounts of excess air. Burner efficiency is increased and emissions are further reduced by employing air distribution and control devices upstream of the fuel injection system and by carefully controlling the supply of both air and fuel to the burner.

Abstract: A method has been developed for converting a hot, operating furnace to oxy-fuel avoiding the problems of the past. This method comprises removing an old burner from the furnace, drilling a cylindrical hole, with its axis generally aligning with the axis of the opening in the old burner block, through the old burner block, removing the cut out portion, inserting a refractory tube in the new hole, and fastening an oxy-fuel burner onto the furnace to join in a sealing and or biased relationship with the outside end of said tube.

Abstract: A burner apparatus is used in a glass furnace incorporating a plurality of pairs of burners, each pair of burners being provided at the diametrically opposite locations of the furnace and operated alternately. The burner apparatus comprises a water cooled wall located in an opening of a burner tile, a cooling water supply device for supplying cooling water to the backside surface of the water cooled wall, and an opening formed in the water cooled wall. The forward end portion of a fuel injection nozzle provided on the forward end of the burner is fitted in the opening formed in the water cooled wall.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner system for alternately or simultaneously burning gaseous and liquid fuels. A gaseous fuel jet emanating from an oxy-fuel burner is either undershot by an oxygen lance or is sandwiched between oxidant jets produced by two subsidiary oxidant jets which are preferably formed of oxygen. An actuable second fuel nozzle is provided for producing a second fuel jet composed of the liquid fuel which is angled toward the oxidant jet at an angle of less than 20.degree.. When the liquid fuel to be used, the gaseous fuel is turned off and the liquid fuel is turned on and vice-versa or both can operate simultaneously where the oxidant supplies oxygen to both fuel streams.

Abstract: This invention aims to attain an industrial furnace which ensures uninterrupted operation of itself and protects accessorial devices thereof including a rotary regenerative burner against otherwise possible damage when the rotary regenerative burner suffers from a mechanical trouble, and possess high responsivity and high accuracy. This industrial furnace has an oxidizing agent passage (12) communicating with-an oxidizing agent duct (33a) of a rotary regenerative burner (30), an exhaust gas passage (13) communicating with an exhaust gas duct (33b), a bypass (15) allowing intercommunication between the oxidizing agent passage (12) and the exhaust gas passage (13), and cut-off valves (16, 17) provided respectively in the bypass (15) and the exhaust gas passage (13), whereby the cut-off valve (16) on the bypass (15) side and the cut-off valve (17) on the exhaust gas passage (13) is controlled in response to a signal from burner.

Abstract: A burner entry block constructed of an assembly of a plurality of parallel layers of ceramic fiber insulation bound together with thin layers of refractory mortar sandwiched between adjacent layers, the assembly of such parallel layers forming a generally rectilinear solid assembly, having ceramic fiber layers transversing from front to back of the block and being secured to a mounting plate at their front. Said multi-layered assembly defining a transverse, front-to-back, centrally-located opening, which opening is sized to receive the output of a gas burner positioned at its front. The plate has means for securing the block to a ladle cover or like insulating cover.

Abstract: A diluent injection burner apparatus capable of reducing the nitrogen oxide content in a combustion effluent, the diluent injection burner assembly provided with a burner head having an air flow passage extending therethrough and primary and secondary fuel dispensing nozzles supported within the airflow passageway and adapted to inject fuel into a downstream end portion of the burner head. A diluent manifold assembly is supported by the burner head such that upon combustion of the fuel diluent is tangentially injected into the downstream end portion of the burner head relative to a flame envelope produced by ignition of the primary and secondary fuel so that a diluent shroud is formed about a base portion of the flame envelope.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for a hot blast stove has a central gas duct that opens into the central zone of a burner crown and side air ducts on both sides of the gas duct which also open into the central zone. To improve combustion characteristics, there is a central air duct in the gas duct opening out within it. Air is supplied to the central air duct in an upward flow which exits in two opposing directions through side openings.

Abstract: A gas-lance apparatus and method for injecting a rate-enhancing gas between a flame and a thermal load to augment combustion of fuel undergoing combustion in the flame. A fan-shaped main jet is introduced between the flame for producing a low pressure field of the rate-enhancing gas between the flame and the thermal load. The low pressure field deforms the flame into the shape of the main jet and draws the flame toward the thermal load. The main jet decays along its length due to entrainment of combustion-environment gas in the main jet. In order to delay such decay, a fan-shaped booster jet of rate-enhancing gas is introduced between the main jet and the thermal load. The booster jet has a higher velocity than the main jet and is positioned adjacent to the main jet.

Abstract: The disclosed combustor apparatus provides for independent flow streams, one for oxidizer and one for fuel. The adjustable control capability permits various flame configurations and reproducible combustion rates at different oxidizer/gaseous fuel flow rates. The apparatus includes an oxidizer supply which is separated into a primary oxidizer path and a secondary oxidizer path, the flow rate in each of these paths being regulated. The primary oxidizer path and the secondary oxidizer path are combined in an oxidizer channel within a burner block of the burner assembly prior to exiting the burner assembly. Flow may be provided to only one of these paths should that be desired. A recombined oxidizer flow stream, of a non-homogenous velocity cross-section, is thus formed at the exit of the oxidizer channel. The burner apparatus also includes an gaseous fuel supply which is separated into a primary gaseous fuel path and a secondary gaseous fuel path, the flow rate in each of these paths being regulated.

Abstract: High velocity gas injection system wherein high velocity and low velocity gases are injected into a cavity in a defined relationship such that the low velocity gas forms a protective barrier from combustion zone damage due to the flow dynamics caused by the high velocity gas.

Abstract: Improved gas burner apparatus and methods of burning fuel gas-air mixtures are provided whereby flue gases having low NO.sub.x contents are formed. The burner apparatus includes a refractory burner tile having an air discharge opening therein and a wall surrounding the opening which extends into the furnace space and provides a mixing zone therein. At least one passage is formed in the burner tile which opens into the mixing zone and fuel gas is jetted through the passage whereby flue gases are drawn therethrough and a fuel gas-flue gases mixture is discharged into the mixing zone. The fuel gas-flue gases mixture is swirled in the mixing zone and mixes with air therein, and the resulting mixture is discharged and burned in a primary reaction zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x combustion system for reducing the production of nitrogen oxides in its emissions by using a low NO.sub.x adapter assembly in conjunction with a heat exchanger and a standard burner. The low NO.sub.x adapter assembly includes a low NO.sub.x manifold housing coupled between the heat exchanger and the burner, a flue gas recirculating fan coupled to the stack of the heat exchanger and the low NO.sub.x manifold housing and an operating control mechanism for controlling and regulating the primary air, the recirculated flue gas and the fuel to the burner and the low NO.sub.x manifold housing. NO.sub.x is reduced by supplying recirculated flue gas and a secondary fuel into the combustion chamber of the heat exchanger adjacent the outlet end of the burner via the low NO.sub.x manifold housing.

Abstract: Improved gas burner apparatus and methods of burning fuel gas-air mixtures are provided whereby flue gases having low NO.sub.x contents are formed. The burner apparatus includes a refractory burner tile having an air discharge opening therein and a wall surrounding the opening which extends into the furnace space and provides a mixing zone therein. At least one passage is formed in the burner tile which opens into the mixing zone and fuel gas is jetted through the passage whereby flue gases are drawn therethrough and a fuel gas-flue gases mixture is discharged into the mixing zone. The fuel gas-flue gases mixture is swirled in the mixing zone and mixes with air therein, and the resulting mixture is discharged and burned in a primary reaction zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: To heat a thermic enclosure, flames are generated in a burner having a plurality of injectors, from an oxy-combustible mixture, the flames extending in different directions and having different power and/or oxidizing reducing capacity. Application for example to the heating of furnaces or metallurgical ladles or glassware furnaces.

Abstract: High velocity gas injection system wherein high velocity and low velocity gases are injected into a cavity in a defined relationship such that the low velocity gas forms a protective barrier from combustion zone damage due to the flow dynamics caused by the high velocity gas.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus (10) includes a combustion chamber (12, 212), a cover (24, 208) covering an end wall (14, 210) of the combustion chamber and defining a buffer space (26, 206) therebetween, and a blower (32, 202) external to the cover and supplying air to the buffer space and pressurizing the buffer space to a higher pressure than the combustion chamber such that leakage at penetrations (46) and/or interface (334, 336) flows from the buffer space into the combustion chamber, rather than the reverse, eliminating the need for leak-tight seals, and instead permitting leakage in a desired direction. In one embodiment, a first conduit (58) supplies air along a path (34) from the blower to the mixer and burner assembly without passing through the buffer space, and a second conduit (60) independently supplies air from the blower to the buffer space. A pressure dropping orifice (36) is provided between the blower and the mixer and burner assembly.