Abstract: A rotary kiln for calcination of light aggregate cement comprises a calcination kiln body, a heavy-oil combustion device, and a cooling device, wherein the calcination kiln body is formed in a U-turn for saving construction site and is composed of a feeding entrance at its upmost end, a product exit at the lowest end, and a plurality of revolving segments varied in caliber by segment so as to raise the calcination efficiency, save construction expenditure, and meet environment requirements.

Abstract: A duct system includes an upper duct that supplies heated air to an upper plenum and a lower duct that supplies heated air to a lower plenum, and the upper and lower plenums provide the heated air to a kiln chamber. An intermediate plenum is between the upper and lower plenums and has outlets through which heated air supplied to the upper and lower plenums is discharged. A plurality of circulation passages extend generally laterally through the intermediate plenum. Fans positioned in the circulation passages circulate heated air that is external to the plenums. The outlets are nozzles defining discharge axes that are respectively directed generally parallel to, yet slightly toward, the rotational axes of the fans. Tips of the fans' blades extend into boundary layers adjacent the interior surfaces of the circulation passages. The fans operate in first and second modes to respectively force flow in opposite first and second directions.

Abstract: A support stand for supporting an elongated rotary drum for rotation about a longitudinally extending drum axis includes a lower portion extending upwardly from a base to a tilted top extending in a plane of tilt; a correspondingly tilted upper portion mounted atop the lower portion, and a carrying roller rotatably mounted on the upper portion for rotation about a roller axis while a riding ring extending coaxially around the drum bears against and rides in rolling contact on the roller. The upper portion is rotatably positionable relative to the lower portion about a skew axis perpendicularly intersecting the plane of tilt at a fixed point. The skew axis substantially radially intersect the drum axis. As well, the skew axis substantially radially intersects the roller axis. A mechanism for adjusting the amount of skew and an indicator for displaying the amount of skew are also disclosed.

Abstract: A rotary furnace includes a drum and a frame supporting the frame for rotation about a nominally horizontal rotational axis. The frame and the drum are supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal pivotal axis. A door supported on the frame normally closes the front end of the drum and is selectively pivotal to an open position to facilitate charging of the drum. The door includes a pouring door which is openable to facilitate discharge of molten material from the drum.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: To provide an operating method of a rotary hearth furnace for producing reduced iron in which a stuck substance stuck on the hearth surface is removed from the hearth surface to thereby prevent or reduce the wear of the knife edge of a screw of a discharge device, enabling continuous operation for a long period and capable of achieving high availability factor. The hearth surface is quenched by spraying or the like to generate cracks in the stuck substance on the hearth, and the stuck substance is scraped to thereby remove it from the hearth.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for fabricating tubing used in the making of chalcogenide fibers. The apparatus features a three-sectioned melt/spin ampoule that allows for fabricating the chalcogenide tubing without introducing impurities and contaminants, in a self-contained apparatus.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A method for reducing emissions of a kiln including a feed end, the method includes operating the kiln and spraying a slurry inside the kiln at least five feet from the feed end. Additionally, the kiln includes a substantially tubular body including a bore therethrough. The body has a clinker end, a heat portion, and a feed portion. The kiln further includes a plurality of chains mounted within the bore at the feed portion, a heat source in flow communication with the heat portion, and a spray nozzle mounted in the feed portion away from the feed end.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for charging a raw material and a carbonaceous material, in which a reduced product generated on a hearth can be quickly melted for reliable separation into a metal and slag, and the metal and the slag can be easily discharged out of a furnace as individual small agglomerates. With the charging method and apparatus, when charging the raw material and the carbonaceous material onto the moving hearth of the moving hearth furnace, the carbonaceous material is first charged onto the moving hearth to form a carbonaceous material layer thereon. The raw material or a mixture of the raw material and a carbonaceous material is then charged onto the carbonaceous material layer to form a raw material layer thereon. A projection is then pressed against the raw material layer from above, thereby forming a plurality of recesses in the surface of the carbonaceous material layer.

Abstract: A multi-axis rotary seal system to provide a gas-tight seal between a stationary hood and the end of a rotating tube kiln comprises a stationary hood positioned at the end of the rotary tube and having extended therefrom, a fully flexible bellows attached at the other end to a structural ring which, in turn, is attached to a graphite ring, slidably pressed against a flange on the rotary tube to form an atmospheric seal. The structural ring is held to the stationary hood by multi-axis supports that allow movement of the ring in three axial directions. In operation, during expansion and contraction of the rotating tube and eccentricities of motion, the integrity of the slidable seal formed by the graphite ring against the mating surface of the tube flange, is maintained by a biasing device pressing the graphite ring and the tube flange together in slidable engagement.

Abstract: Cement clinker production apparatus having a precalcination stage connected upstream of a rotary kiln, in which precalcination stage a CO-containing reduction zone in the rotary kiln off-gas duct is employed for the purpose of reducing the pollutant NOx. In order to make certain that the quantitative ratio of O2 in the rotary kiln off-gas to fuel admitted by a deNOx burner, and thus control the effectiveness of NOx reduction, a pivoting throttle valve (33) is positioned in the precalcination stage to control the quantity of rotary kiln off-gas and thus the O2 content in the kiln off-gas. The throttle valve (33) is positioned in the rotary kiln off-gas duct (15) above the deNOx burner (19), above the raw meal inlet (13), and before the confluence of the tertiary air substream with the rotary kiln off gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooler (2) for a rotary drum kiln (1). The cooler comprises two cylindrical housings disposed one inside the other (6, 7), surrounding the kiln and rotating with it, which housings are mounted at the discharge end of the kiln concentrically with the kiln and between which housings an annular space (8) is formed. The housings are attached to each other by means of longitudinal radial partition walls (16), and the inner cylindrical housing (6) is attached at its ends to the kiln. The annular space (8) has a feeding inlet (11) communicating with the kiln for leading the hot material from the kiln into the cooler and a discharge outlet for discharging the cooled material. The material to be cooled flows counter-currently in relation to the cooling gas flow.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: A rotary kiln (1) is equipped with a horizontal kiln drum (3), arranged rotatable and drivable in a furnace body (2), which kiln drum is closed at the charging and delivery side by end plates (4, 5) forming central charging or delivery openings (6, 7), respectively, and which can be heated from outside via a heating chamber (15) surrounding the drum shell and admitted with heating medium. To achieve a simple and solid drum construction at a good thermic efficiency, the kiln drum (3) consists of U-sections (18) arranged side by side along the drum circumference between the end plates (4, 5), which point radially inward with their open section side, and which are interconnected longitudinally in the touching end zones (19) of the section limbs (20), and along the circumference via reinforcing elements (23), having an axial distance to each other, bridging the remaining longitudinal gaps (21) between the section webs (22).

Abstract: A revolving drum containing a rolling element is provided that includes a member for the cleaning of the inner wall areas of the revolving drum which has at least two cleaning zones. The cleaning zones include projecting cleaning elements and lie in tandem in an axial direction of the revolving drum. They include a fastening apparatus disposed on a front end pointing toward the infeed side of the drum and include a revolving articulation by which the rolling element can be fastened to a non-revolving component of a head of the revolving drum. The cleaning zones comprise generated surfaces of the revolving drum which are at an angle to one another.

Abstract: Elliptically shaped reheater conduits extend downward into a portion of a flow path that extends through a lower chamber interior space of a kiln chamber. Each of the reheater conduits has opposite ends, defines a length that extends between the opposite ends and is perpendicular to the portion of the flow path that extends through the lower chamber interior space, defines a first cross-dimension that is perpendicular to the length and parallel to the portion of the flow path, and defines a second cross-dimension that is perpendicular to both the length and the portion of the flow path. The second cross-dimension is less than the first cross-dimension. Each of the reheater conduits defines outlets positioned along the length of the reheater conduit. Each reheater conduit defines a pair of vertices between which its second cross-dimension is defined, and the outlets are proximate the vertices.

Abstract: A rotary furnace includes a drum and a frame supporting the frame for rotation about a nominally horizontal rotational axis. The frame and the drum are supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal pivotal axis. A door supported on the frame normally closes the front end of the drum and is selectively pivotal to an open position to facilitate charging of the drum. The door includes a pouring door which is openable to facilitate discharge of molten material from the drum.

Abstract: A revolving drum containing a rolling element is provided that includes a member for the cleaning of the inner wall areas of the revolving drum which has at least two cleaning zones. The cleaning zones include projecting cleaning elements and lie in tandem in an axial direction of the revolving drum. They include a fastening apparatus disposed on a front end pointing toward the infeed side of the drum and include a revolving articulation by which the rolling element can be fastened to a non-revolving component of a head of the revolving drum. The cleaning zones comprise generated surfaces of the revolving drum which are at an angle to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for driving a cylinder in rotation about its longitudinal axis, and includes a ring gear perpendicular to the cylinder axis; truncated rollers arranged on each side of the ring gear, at least one of which is a drive roller; and at least one actuator acting on at least one roller for pressing it on the ring gear. The actuator supports and the roller supports are linked to a common structure capable of moving to respond to the movements and possible direction changes during its operation. The invention is specifically applicable for a rotary furnace for firing minerals.

Abstract: A counter-flow asphalt plant with a separately controlled and operated dryer 50 and mixer 52 in which virgin aggregate, recycle material and liquid asphalt are mixed to produce an asphaltic composition. The dryer 50 is rotated by a variable dryer drive 58 about a central longitudinal dryer axis disposed at a dryer angle of declination. Within the dryer 50, aggregates are dried and heated by heat radiation and a hot gas stream generated at a burner head 112 of a combustion assembly 106 positioned inside the downstream end of the dryer 50. The downstream end of the dryer 50 is inserted within the first end of the mixer 52 for delivery of the heated aggregate. The mixer 52 is carried on a tiltable frame 54 and is rotated by a variable mixer drive 88 about a central longitudinal mixer axis disposed at a mixer angle of declination.

Abstract: A rotary tube furnace suitable for operation in controlled atmospheres at temperatures in the range of 1500.degree. to 2800.degree. comprises a generally horizontal rotatable graphite tube slidably supported on water-cooled split ring graphite bearings. The graphite tube is rotated by means of a stainless steel drive plate and is contained within a flexible atmospheric sealing assembly and enclosure for the containment of a selected atmosphere around and within the tube and allows for the co-current or counter-current flow of gas during operation. Radiation baffles in the interior of the graphite tube inhibit radiant heat loss at the ends of the tube. The graphite tube may be constructed in two or more sections having threaded ends for ease of installation as well as removal or replacement for maintenance purposes. A heating section of the tube is heated by a plurality of graphite electrical heating elements contained within an insulated heating chamber.

Abstract: A furnace for manufacturing ceramics is disclosed. The furnace contains a cylindrical heat resistant container, a furnace body for heating the cylindrical heat resistant container, and driving means for driving the cylindrical heat resistant container. The cylindrical heat resistant container rotates about a central shaft. At the same time, a first end and alternately a second end of the cylindrical heat resistant container are raised and lowered periodically, thus creating a seesaw motion while any material contained in the cylindrical heat resistant container is fired by the furnace body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotating oven with a horizontal or inclined drum, of which at least the inner part is composed of a fireproof material and which is pivotably mounted around its longitudinal axis. The drum contains a tubular element (1) of a fireproof material which is composed of a succession of each other supporting co-axial rings (2), which element (1) is brought under an axial stress starting from its both extremities (6), in order to obtain a self supporting prestressed entity.

Abstract: A flighted, horizontally inclined rotary retort, heated externally by flame, hot gases, steam or other sources of heat. The retort shall have sufficient flight area to transport the coal through the retort in the predetermined time. The coal being processed in this retort is prevented from becoming exothermic by provision for a countercurrent flow of blanket gas, heated to a predetermined temperature below exotherm, to prevent coal surface temperatures from rising above the ignition temperature. The retort accommodates oversize pieces of raw coal by having alternating long and short flights, thus allowing greater space between long flights and allowing the larger pieces to be carried over the center pipe by the wiping action of the long flights. The retort will also be provided with an internal pipe, mounted on the center line of the shell.

Abstract: A rotary calciner for the treatment such as thermal treatment of particulate solids equipped with riffle flights, each in the form of an inverted V shape. The flights are arranged in at least two rows on the inner circumferential wall of the calciner, the rows being staggered so that the apex of each riffle flight is directly beneath the space between two riffle flights in the row above. The riffle flights provide continuous mixing and improve gas-solid contact curing rotation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying lime sludge to a rotary kiln guides the flow of the lime sludge into the kiln, and the flow of flue gases out of the kiln, in distinct paths so that contact between the lime sludge entering the kiln and flue gases exiting the kiln is substantially prevented. This is typically accomplished by providing a general horizontal tubular duct interiorly of the kiln first end and extending into a substantially vertical flue gas conduit with an annular chamber defined between an outer surface of the tubular duct and an inner surface of an inlet to the first end of the rotary kiln. The lime sludge is introduced into the annular chamber. Spiral feeding blades are preferably provided on the outer surface of the tubular duct and the duct rotates with the rotary kiln so that the spiral feeding blades engage the lime sludge and move it toward the kiln. The lime sludge is preferably dried before it is fed into the annular chamber.

Abstract: A system for the connection of an annular tire (1) to a rotary drum (10) comprising blocks (2a, 2b) bearing upon the side faces of the tire and held in place by retaining elements fastened to the drum, said blocks comprising a portion (8) inserted underneath the tire, the blocks being connected in pairs by clamping means (13) independent of the tire and extending through the block portions inserted under the tire, the clamping control means (4) of the successive pairs of blocks being arranged alternately on either side of the tire.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of paper in an asphalt plant. The asphalt plant comprises a container for stone aggregate to be heated, a burner for producing a burner flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container, the burner being positioned relative to the container so that an open space is defined therebetween, and a supplementary burner positioned in the open space between the burner and the container. The supplementary burner includes a supplementary burner member for producing a supplementary burner flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container, an air supply connected to the supplementary burner member for providing a stream of air to the supplementary burner member, and a supply of paper connected to the air supply for introducing paper into the stream of air. The paper is introduced into the stream of air such that the paper is entrained in the stream of air and is substantially incinerated in the container.

Abstract: This invention relates to a batch type rotary calcination system where the gas used to heat and chemically react a particulate material is cross-flow contacted with the particulate material. This cross-flow is achieved by locating a gas inlet and a gas outlet adjacent an apertured cylinder containing the particulate material. The apertures on the cylinder are covered by a screen designed to permit gas flow through but prevent the escape of particulate material from the system. The gas inlet and gas outlet are so positioned to provide a continuous gas cross-flow through the particulate material being treated.

Abstract: A carbon reactivation apparatus has a fossil fuel kiln adjacent to a rotary dryer and flue gas from the kiln flows through the dryer co-currently with carbon particles to provide a more efficient process than previously known. The apparatus has a rotary kiln with a drum therein sloped downwards from a feed end to a discharge end, a furnace shell surrounding at least a portion of the drum with a fossil fuel heater and hot gases from within the shell heat the rotary kiln. A rotary dryer slopes downwards from an inlet end to an outlet end and carbon particles to be reactivated are fed into the inlet end. Ducting from the shell surrounding the drum of the rotary kiln extends to the inlet end of the rotary dryer for hot gases to flow along the dryer to the outlet end in the same direction as the carbon particles.

Abstract: A direct heat rotary calciner and method for providing improved thermal treatment of particulate material comprises a rotary tube having a plurality of screened apertures along the length thereof. Material to be treated is passed through the rotating tube and contacted during passage with a cross-flow of heated gases entering and leaving through the screened apertures. At least a portion of the internal wall of the tube may be provided with spiral flights to aid in the conveyance of the particulate material through the rotating tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying/calcining comprises a horizontally extending rotatable drum and a center tube, concentrically positioned within the rotatable drum to provide an annular combustion chamber between the outer wall of the center tube and the inner wall of the rotatable drum. One or more gas jet burners are positioned to inject gas fuel and combustion air into the annular combustion chamber in a tangential direction to create a vortex flow of combustion gases through the annular combustion chamber. The flue gas is discharged through the center tube. In operation, a material to be dried and/or calcined is applied to the external wall of the rotatable drum as it rotates toward a scraper or doctor blade where the dried or calcined product is removed by scraping.

Abstract: A rotatable drum arrangement, wherein the drum is mounted on support rings such that circumferential expansion and contraction of the drum relative to said support rings does not adversely affect the mounting. In a preferred embodiment, drum blocks are mounted to the drum, and corresponding ring blocks are mounted to the support ring. The side surfaces of adjacent drum blocks and ring blocks support the weight of the drum on the ring. In this arrangement, gaps may be maintained between the drum and support ring that allow for expansion and contraction of the drum. In the preferred embodiment, there is also a drive sprocket mounted on the drum with a sprocket mounting arrangement that also accommodates expansion and contraction of the drum.

Abstract: A replaceable nozzle for use in high temperature environments. The nozzle includes a high-temperature-resistant, metal nozzle body that at least partially penetrates into the high temperature environment and a pipe that is connected to the nozzle body for supplying fluid. The nozzle also includes an expansion collar made of a high-temperature-resistant material, a nozzle block and a separating surface or a separating layer of high-temperature-resistant, elastic material. The expansion collar is designed to be disposed between the metal nozzle body and the nozzle block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing SO.sub.2 -containing gas and cement clinker by splitting waste gypsum and anhydrite, using paper fibers as the reducing agent, and firing the splitting residue with additives. The cement forming additives are formed into a mixture with the anhydrite and the mixture is compacted before the final drying and calcining, whereupon the anhydrite containing mixture is subjected to the splitting reaction and firing to form the clinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an installation intended for the pyrolysis of solids, comprising a rotary furnace (1) inside which pyrolysis is achieved, and a means (21) for heating the rotary furnace. The installation according to the invention further comprises a means (2) for preheating the solids, located upstream from said furnace, said means (2) comprises at least two zones (2a, 2b) in which the solids are preheated at different temperatures and a gas extraction device (12) into which the pyrolysis gases are led after passing through at least one of said preheating zones (2a, 2b).

Abstract: A carbon reactivation apparatus has a fossil fuel kiln adjacent to a rotary dryer and flue gas from the kiln flows through the dryer co-currently with carbon particles to provide a more efficient process than previously known. The apparatus has a rotary kiln with a drum therein sloped downwards from a feed end to a discharge end, a furnace shell surrounding at least a portion of the drum with a fossil fuel heater and hot gases from within the shell heat the rotary kiln. A rotary dryer slopes downwards from an inlet end to an outlet end and carbon particles to be reactivated are fed into the inlet end. Ducting from the shell surrounding the drum of the rotary kiln extends to the inlet end of the rotary dryer for hot gases to flow along the dryer to the outlet end in the same direction as the carbon particles.

Abstract: A conveyable heating apparatus which is operable in a working place of repairing a paved road and can be carried on a vehicle. An asphalt-reclaiming apparatus 1 embodying one example of the heating apparatus comprises a combustion chamber 2 having an open top, a holding frame 3 supporting the combustion chamber 2, an oil pressure motor for rotating the combustion chamber 2, a stand 5 pivotally supporting through the holding frame 3 the combustion chamber 2, and an oil pressure cylinder 6 for effecting the inclination of the combustion chamber 2. The holding frame 3 is composed of a rear frame 3a disposed behind the combustion chamber 2, a lower frame 3b extending downward from the both ends of the rear frame 3a, and a pair of lateral frames 3c horizontally extending respectively from the rear frame 3a toward both sides of the combustion chamber 2. The combustion chamber 2 can be rotated by the oil pressure motor 4 and inclined by the action of the oil pressure cylinder 6.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for supplying gas to a rotary kiln, which has a gas supply pipe 5 divided into segments 17 which is connected to an external gas source via an enclosing bracket 7.

Abstract: A single charge continuous rotary retort furnace for heat treating machine parts in a sealed atmosphere, including a rotary retort furnace housing having an inlet and outlet end with a feeder assembly at the inlet end that has a plurality of chambers for supplying the machine parts to the rotary retort furnace housing to be heat treated. In addition, the rotary retort furnace includes a locking collar assembly for connecting the feeder assembly to the inlet end of the rotary retort furnace housing having locking tabs for locking the feeder assembly to the locking collar assembly; pistons and cylinders for rotating the locking collar assembly relative to the feeder assembly; and a device for sealing the feeder assembly relative to the locking collar assembly to create an atmospheric seal in the retort furnace housing for enabling the machine parts to be heat treated.

Abstract: Heating chamber rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and having a plurality of heating tubes located in the interior thereof, a first end plate to which each of the heating tubes is secured by an end thereof, a second end plate to which each of the heating tubes is secured by the other end thereof, at least one of the ends of each of the heating tubes protruding through a respective opening formed in at least one of end plates, and a respective collar for connecting the at least one end of the respective heating tubes to the outer surface of at least one end plate, includes a respective reduced diameter portion formed in each of the heating tubes, the heating tubes being spaced from one another a greater distance at the at least one end plate than in the interior of the heating chamber; and method of replacing the heating tubes in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A description is given of a rotary drum, as for example a rotary kiln, which is suspended within a live-ring by means of axially extending brackets which are retained by the live-ring and bearing, at their free ends, against retaining elements fixed to the rotary drum, in such a way that the vertical load of the drum relative to the drum shell is transmitted tangentially to the live-ring. The brackets are evenly distributed over the circumference of the live-ring fixed to its side faces. Hereby, the live-ring can be made with a smooth cylindrical inner face without teeth, which, besides being advantageous from an economic perspective, also makes it possible to use existing live-rings of the migrating type. Further, all parts of the device will be more readily accessible in connection with inspection and maintenance work in that none of the parts are concealed under the live-ring.

Abstract: An inlet for introducing raw material into a rotary drum has a chute made of a metal mantle and an inner lining of refractory material. The chute has a forward end for connecting it to the rotary drum. A hollow collar is detachably connected to the forward end of the chute so as to extend into the rotary drum. The collar is closed toward the rotary drum. The collar has surfaces facing the rotary drum. The surfaces have a heatproof, ceramic protective lining against abrasion. The collar has a back side facing the forward end of the chute. The back side has a projection for connecting the collar to the chute.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding a cement kiln through the kiln wall includes a processing component which shreds and blends supplemental fuel and conveys the fuel to a feeding station. The feeding station includes a feeding device, such as a ram or screw, which is moved on a carriage along rails so that the device remains in alignment with a port in the cement kiln through a period of rotation of the cement kiln sufficient to allow the fuel to be injected from the feeding device into the interior of the kiln.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for environmentally sound usage of combustible solid waste in operating rotary cement kilns. A cement kiln is modified to contain a port in the rotary cylinder for delivery of combustible solid waste into the kiln for burning in contact with calcining mineral material. The port is provided with a closure and means for moving the closure between a port-opened and port-closed position at predetermined times during rotation of the kiln cylinder. The invention allows efficient use of solid waste as supplemental fuel in the cement manufacturing process.

Abstract: A heating chamber for solid material, preferably a low-temperature carbonization drum for waste, is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and is equipped with a number of heating tubes that are disposed in an interior space and are aligned approximately parallel to one another. In order to ensure that only fine material can collect between the heating tubes and the inner wall surface of the heating chamber, the heating tubes, as viewed in cross-section, are disposed in a virtually closed row along the wall. Dummy tubes which are preferably easy to remove and preferably have the same diameter as the heating tubes, are located in this row, which may be circular.

Abstract: A rotary melting furnace having an enclosure supported for rotation. The enclosure includes a cylindrical shell, a pair of disc-shaped flanges connected to the shell at ends thereof, and a unitary liquid cooling circuit. The shell and the flanges each include a portion of the cooling circuit. The shell portion of the cooling circuit is connected to the flange portions of the cooling circuit by pipes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the temperature in a kiln in which cement clinker is manufactured. The temperature is controlled by controlling the fuel rate to the kiln. The fuel rate is adjusted according to a calculation that is made of the sulphur evaporation in the kiln, thereby obtaining a measure of the instantaneous temperature in the burning zone. The evaporation factor is calculated on the basis of measurements of the sulphur content in the cyclone material which passes to the kiln or a measurement of the sulphur content in the exit gases out of the kiln.