Abstract: Provided herein include methods of making mogroside compounds, e.g., Compound 1, compositions (for example host cells) for making the mogroside compounds, and the mogroside compounds made by the methods disclosed herein, and compositions (for example, cell lysates) and recombinant cells comprising the mogroside compounds (e.g., Compound 1). Also provided herein are novel cucurbitadienol synthases and the use thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a carbohydrate-derived energy supplying agent having slow digestibility and sustained digestibility functions. According to the present invention, there is provided a slowly digestible, sustained-type energy supplying agent comprising a saccharide composition which satisfies the following (A), (B), (C), and (D): (A) a percentage of ?-1,6 bonds relative to all glycosidic bonds is 60% or more; (B) a content of saccharides having a degree of polymerization of 1 and 2 relative to all saccharides is 9 mass % or less; (C) a content of saccharides having a degree of polymerization within a range of 3 to 30 relative to all saccharides is 41 mass % or more; and (D) a content of saccharides having a degree of polymerization of 31 or more relative to all saccharides is 50 mass % or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant process for the production of truncated or mutated dextransucrases while conserving the enzymatic activity or their specificity in the synthesis of the ?-1,6 bonds. The present invention relates to nucleic acid sequences of truncated or mutated dextransucrases, vectors containing the nucleic acid sequences and host cells transformed by sequences encoding truncated or mutated dextransucrases. In another aspect, the invention concerns a method for producing, in a recombinant manner, truncated or mutated dextransucrases which conserve their enzymatic activity or which conserve their specificity in the synthesis of ?-1,6 bonds and can produce, from saccharose, dextrans with high molar mass and modified rheological properties compared with the properties of dextran obtained with the native enzyme and isomalto-oligosaccharides with a controlled molar mass and dextrans.

Abstract: A process for improving the flow rate of an aqueous dispersion which comprises adding a natural polymer to said aqueous system and then adding a synthetic polymer to the aqueous system.

Abstract: Microbiological method of production of a dextran solution, according to which a culture medium containing sucrose is inoculated with a preculture of a bacterial strain that is able to produce dextran, then the dextran solution obtained at the end of fermentation is recovered directly, without a subsequent concentration step, characterized in that:—before inoculation, the culture medium contains at least 10 wt. % of sucrose,—after inoculation, sucrose is added again in conditions such that the total amount of sucrose in the medium, including that present before inoculation, is at least 16 wt. %,—the dextran solution obtained contains at least 10 wt. % of dextran. The native solution of dextran obtained and use of the solution as a flocculant.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of providing a biopolymer comprises: cryodesiccating a broth, wherein the broth comprises: (A) a biopolymer, wherein the biopolymer is an exopolysaccharide; and (B) a liquid growth medium. According to certain embodiments, the biopolymer is produced by the fermentation of at least one carbohydrate via a microbe. According to an embodiment, the microbe is a bacterium. According to another embodiment, the microbe is a fungus.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and compositions for delivery of therapeutic agents to target cells, tissues or organisms. In preferred embodiments, the therapeutic agents are delivered in the form of therapeutic-loaded polymers that may comprise many copies of one or more therapeutic agents. In more preferred embodiments, the polymer may be conjugated to a peptide moiety that contains one or more haptens, such as HSG. The agent-polymer-peptide complex may be delivered to target cells by, for example, a pre-targeting technique utilizing bispecific or multispecific antibodies or fragments, having at least one binding arm that recognizes the hapten and at least a second binding arm that binds specifically to a disease or pathogen associated antigen, such as a tumor associated antigen. Methods for synthesizing and using such therapeutic-loaded polymers and their conjugates are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to composition comprising a dextran-tyramine conjugate and a conjugate selected from the group consisting of chondroitin sulphate-tyramine, collagen-tyramine, chitosan-tyramine, chitosan-phloretic acid, gelatine-tyramine, heparan sulphate-tyramine, keratin sulphate-tyramine, hyaluronic acid-tyramine and heparin-tyramine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant process for the production of truncated or mutated dextransucrases while conserving the enzymatic activity or their specificity in the synthesis of the ?-1,6 bonds. The present invention relates to nucleic acid sequences of truncated or mutated dextransucrases, vectors containing the nucleic acid sequences and host cells transformed by sequences encoding truncated or mutated dextransucrases. In another aspect, the invention concerns a method for producing, in a recombinant manner, truncated or mutated dextransucrases which conserve their enzymatic activity or which conserve their specificity in the synthesis of ?-1,6 bonds and can produce, from saccharose, dextrans with high molar mass and modified rheological properties compared with the properties of dextran obtained with the native enzyme and isomalto-oligosaccharides with a controlled molar mass and dextrans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant process for the production of truncated or mutated dextransucrases while conserving the enzymatic activity or their specificity in the synthesis of the ?-1,6 bonds. The present invention relates to nucleic acid sequences of truncated or mutated dextransucrases, vectors containing the nucleic acid sequences and host cells transformed by sequences encoding truncated or mutated dextransucrases. In another aspect, the invention concerns a method for producing, in a recombinant manner, truncated or mutated dextransucrases which conserve their enzymatic activity or which conserve their specificity in the synthesis of ?-1,6 bonds and can produce, from saccharose, dextrans with high molar mass and modified rheological properties compared with the properties of dextran obtained with the native enzyme and isomalto-oligosaccharides with a controlled molar mass and dextrans.

Abstract: Compositions for improving the health of a subject comprise alpha-(1,2)-branched alpha-(1,6) oligodextrans, preferably with an average molecular weight between about 10 kDa and 70 kDa, between about 10% and 50% alpha-(1,2)-osidic side chains, and having at least partial indigestibility in the subject. Methods for improving the health of a subject comprise administering the composition to a subject in an amount effective to improve gut health, or to prevent or treat a gastrointestinal disorder, a cholesterol-related disorder, diabetes, or obesity. Methods for making oligodextrans having controlled size and controlled degree of branching comprise providing alpha-(1,6) oligodextrans having an average molecular weight between 0.5 and 100 kDa and introducing at least 10% alpha-(1,2)-osidic side chains onto the alpha-(1,6) oligodextrans.

Abstract: Negatively charged luminescent CdSe—ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were successfully incorporated into novel luminescent glyconanospheres averaging around 190 nm in diameter through electrostatic interactions with carboxymethyldextran (CM-dextran) and polylysine. The glyconanospheres preferably contain as well carboxyl-modified iron oxide nanocrystals. In addition to electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged dextran, the negatively charged CdSe—ZnS QDs (and negatively charged iron oxide nanocrystals, if present), and the positively charged polylysine, covalent amide bonds were introduced to cross link the QDs (and negatively charged iron oxide nanocrystals, if present) with the polysaccharide matrix to further stabilize the glyconanospheres. The dextran residues on the surface of the nanospheres show high affinity toward the glucose binding protein-Concanavalin A (Con A).

Abstract: Interleaving circuit for a multiband OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) transceiver of a ultra wide band wireless personal access network transmitting OFDM modulated symbols, wherein each OFDM symbol consists of a predetermined number (NCBPS) of encoded bits, said interleaving circuit comprising a symbol interleaving unit which receives an input bitstream of encoded bits and permutes adjacent bits of said input bitstream across different OFDM symbols; an intra-symbol tone interleaving unit which receives the bits permuted by said symbol interleaving unit and permutes adjacent bits of each OFDM symbol across uncorrelated data sub-carriers; and an intra-symbol cyclic shift unit which shifts cyclically NCBPS bits of each OFDM symbol in response to a shift value (K) which is changed between adjacent OFDM symbols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variants of cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase of increased product specificity.

Abstract: Methods for improving sensitivity and specificity of polynucleotide synthesis are disclosed. The method includes reversibly blocking thermophilic polymerase activity with non-nucleic acid polyanions in a temperature dependent manner. The methods control target specific primer extension throughout all stages of a DNA or RNA amplification reaction. Corresponding compositions and kits are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improvement in automated tissue staining system having evaporation inhibitor liquid covering the polynucleotide hybridization buffer-covered tissue on a slide, wherein the improvement comprises a polynucleotide hybridization buffer for in situ hybridization comprising a low molecular weight dextran sulfate having a molecular weight range from about 8,000 to about 16,000.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to establish a method for amplifying an RNA in a biologically-derived sample by preparing a reaction solution in which a nucleic acid synthesis is not inhibited even in the presence of various biologically-derived impurities and as well as to enable a convenient, rapid and highly sensitive analysis of the RNA in the sample. In a method of the present invention, a reaction solution having a pH higher than that of an ordinarily employed reaction solution and/or containing a polyamine and/or a sulfated polysaccharide.

Abstract: A food or cosmetic composition containing a dextran composition synthesized by a dextran sucrase enzyme produced by a strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. crenzoris. The food or cosmetic composition is prepared by fermenting a food or cosmetic composition containing sucrose with the strain, or the strain is cultured in a culture medium containing sucrose and the dextran composition produced is incorporated into a food or cosmetic substance.

Abstract: A food or cosmetic composition containing active dextran sucrase enzymes which are produced by a strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and which synthesize dextran. In addition to culturing the strain in a food or cosmetic composition containing sucrose to obtain a composition containing the active enzymes, the strain may be cultured in a culture medium containing sucrose to obtain a culture product containing the active dextran sucrase enzymes which may be isolated from the culture product and incorporated into a food or cosmetic substance.

Abstract: Strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris which provide, upon culturing, dextran, and the strains include deposited strains CNCM I-1692 and CNCM I-1693.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: A method for production of toxin-binding, non-toxic, modified, biopolymers and the use thereof for the treatment of septic shock, infections and toxic states and to the use of them as carriers for transportation of biologically or therapeutically important materials (enzymes or drugs) into phagocytes or cells bearing Fc and complement receptors and as a natural source of energy for cells. The toxin binding, non-toxic structurally modified biopolymers are prepared by the reaction of polysaccharides containing alpha 1,4 or 1,6 linkages with glucose-1-phosphate catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase enzyme in a buffer solution at pH 6.8-7.4 at a temperature of 20.degree.-30.degree. C. and by the separation of the obtained biopolymers in a well-known manner.

Abstract: There are described DNA sequences, which lead to the formation of levans, plasmids containing these DNA sequences, as well as a process using these plasmids for preparing transgenic plants with levan accumulation.

Abstract: A rapid screening procedure to select microorganism strains that produce a high proportion of alternan to dextan and a high proportion of alternansucrase to dextransucrase is described. Strains selected by the method are useful to produce a high proportion of alternansucrase to dextransucrase and to produce a high proportion of alternan to dextran, either fermentatively by cultivation of the strains on sucrose, or enzymatically by using alternansucrase produced by the strains of the invention. The selected strains can also be used to obtain microorganism strains having further improvements.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: A cyclodextrin having a galactosyl group which is bonded to a 6-hydroxyl group of a glucosyl group of the cyclodextrin via an .alpha.-bond or a .beta.-bond; a cyclodextrin having a mannosyl group which is bonded to a 6-hydroxyl group of the cyclodextrin via an .alpha.-bond.

Abstract: A method of producing a mannosyl-cyclodextrin having a mannosyl group bonded to the hydroxyl group of the glucosyl group of a cyclodextrin via an alpha-bond. The method includes treating a liquid containing a cyclodextrin and an alpha-mannosyl compound with an alpha-mannosyl transfer agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dextrin containing a dietary fiber characterized by dissolving a pyrodextrin in water and causing .alpha.-amylase to act on the solution.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of producing .beta.-1,3-glucan wherein a microbe capable of producing .beta.-1,3-glucan is cultured in a medium containing as a nitrogen source an ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid the microbe can assimilate wherein the .beta.-1,3-glucan is produced and accumulated, and then harvesting. The .beta.-1,3-glucan production method of the present invention does not require addition of a pH regulator such as calcium carbonate or alkali ions, since the medium does not decrease in pH because a microbe capable of producing .beta.-1,3-glucan is cultured in a medium containing as a nitrogen source an ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid which the microbe can assimilate. For this reason, cultivation is not adversely affected, nor does any salt form in the medium, aspects which facilitate purification of said glucan, offering an industrially excellent production method. Moreover, the method of the present invention makes it feasible to produce .beta.

Abstract: A process for producing high fructose corn syrup from glucose containing syrup, which entails isomerizing the glucose containing syrup through an enzymatic reaction to make high fructose corn syrup, wherein the enzymatic reaction occurs in a gas containing solution which comprises at least one gas selected from the group consisting of noble gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are (1) a novel galactosyl-cyclodextrin having a galactosyl group as bonded to the hydroxyl group of the glucosyl group of a cyclodextrin via an .alpha.-bond and a method of producing said galactosyl-cyclodextrin; (2) a novel galactosyl-cyclodextrin having a galactosyl group as bonded to the hydroxyl group of the glucosyl group of a cyclodextrin via a .beta.-bond and a method of producing said galactosyl-cyclodextrin; and (3) a novel mannosyl-cyclodextrin having a mannosyl group as bonded to the hydroxyl group of the glucosyl group of a cyclodextrin via an .alpha.-bond and a method of producing said mannosyl-cyclodextrin. The new branched cyclodextrins are expected to be widely useful in various fields of drug industry, food industry and cosmetic industry.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing an antitumor dextran by contacting a culture broth containing sucrose with an antitumor dextran obtained from Lactobacillus confusus and collecting the antitumor dextran from the culture broth. The enzyme can be used as a crude enzyme solution or may be further purified by conventional means. The Lactobacillus confusus is preferably one of the following: 40-1 strain (FERM BP-2865) , 40-3 strain (FERM BP-2866) , 77-1 strain (FERM BP-2867), 78-1 strain (FERM BP-2868) or 80-1 strain (FERM BP-2869).

Abstract: A process for preparing branched cyclodextrins has at least one cyclodextrin or cyclodextrin derivative reacted with at least one glycosyl donor in a molar ratio of cyclodextrin/glycosyl donor of from 1:1 to 1:20, in the presence of a catalyst, and in a solvent.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hetero-branched cyclodextrin comprising a glucosyl or a maltosyl group side chain and a mannosyl group .alpha.-bonded to a hydroxyl group of the glucosyl group or the maltosyl group of the side chain, the method involving reacting a liquid containing a branched cyclodextrin having a glucosyl or maltosyl group as the side chain and an .alpha.-mannosyl compound with an .alpha.-mannosyl transfer enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of novel cycloisomaltoheptaose having a cyclic structure composed of 7 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage, novel cycloisomaltooctaose having a cyclic structure composed of 8 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage and novel cycloisomaltononaose having a cyclic structure composed of 9 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage, novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide synthase forming said oligosaccharides from dextran, and a process for producing said oligosaccharides by use of said enzyme or a microorganism capable of producing said enzyme.

Abstract: Lactobacillus confusus strains capable of producing a dextran which has biological activities such as an excellent antitumor activity, etc. are disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for producing said dextran using said microorganism or dextran synthetase prepared by said microorganism.

Abstract: An indigestible dextrin characterized in that the dextrin contains:(A) up to 50% of 1.fwdarw.4 glycosidic linkages, and(B) at least 60% of an indigestible component,(C) the content of indigestible component as actually determined varying within the range of .+-.5% from a value Y calculated from at least one of equations, i.e., Equations 1 to 62, given in the specification,(D) the indigestible dextrin being prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to corn starch and heating the corn starch at 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. using an extruder,the value Y being a calculated content (%) of the indigestible component.

Abstract: A process for the production of dextran polymers of controlled average number molecular weight sizes, and molecular weight size distributions via the mixed culture fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and a constitutive mutant microorganism capable of elaborating the enzyme dextranase, particularly Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 74054, in the presence of sucrose. The Leuconostoc mesenteroides produces the dextran polymer, and the mutant Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 74054 concurrently produces dextranase, an enzyme whose activity reduces the size of the dextran polymers and permits their growth or reduction in molecular weight size in direct relation to the temperature and time period regimen imposed as conditions for the reactions.

Abstract: Leuconostoc dextranicum NRRL-B-18242 which produces a slushy, applesauce-like dextran with a particulate structure is described. The dextran is dried and used in foods and the like.

Abstract: The invention is a carbohydrate receptor for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominus and its use to detect mycoplasma in biological fluids and diseased tissue and cells. The receptor can be included in a composition having a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods are provided for purifying, detecting, or removing mycoplasma from diseased tissue or fluids. The receptor includes sulfatides, dextran sulfate, sialyloligosaccharides, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies are disclosed that may be produced by hybridomas obtained by fusing a mouse spleen cell immunized with an ADRIAMYCIN.RTM.-resistant human tumor cell and a mouse myeloma cell and which inhibit selectively the growth of cancer cells possessing pleiotropic drug resistance or enhance their sensitivity to said drug.

Abstract: This invention deals with a simple and efficient method for producing vitronectin from biological materials which include vitronectin. More specifically, this invention deals with a method for producing vitronectin by binding vitronectin in biological materials to immobilized glycosaminoglycans in the presence of protein denaturing agent, especially urea.

Abstract: Process for obtaining a mass of polysaccharide-producing microorganisms, consisting in conducting the growth of the microorganisms in a medium containing an enzyme which hydrolyzes the formed polysaccharide.Application in a process for the production of polysaccharide in two stages, in which the growth stage takes place in the presence of an enzyme, particularly for the production of scleroglucane using sclerotium type fungi.

Abstract: A novel dextran having a slushy, applesauce-like appearance with a particulate gel-like structure in crude form is described. The dextran is particularly produced by Leuconostoc dextranicum NRRL-B-18242. The dextran in particulate or dried form is used in foods and other applications where texture is important.

Abstract: A water-soluble iron dextran having a high iron content is prepared by adding to an aqueous solution containing more than 200 mmol D-glucose per 1000 U.alpha.(1.fwdarw.6)-D-glucosyltransferase, at 265 to 310 K and a pH value of 4.5 to 8, an aqueous sucrose solution in a mole ratio of sucrose to glucose of from 2.0 to 5.0; separating, after the consumption of the sucrose, glucose, liberated fructose and undesired oligosaccharides; reacting the so-purified dextran, having an average molar mass of from 2000 to 4000, with freshly precipitated iron(III) hydroxide and, if desired, further purifying the same.Iron dextrans having an iron content of from 27 to 33 percent by weight and an average molar mass of the dextran component of from 2000 to 4000, may be prepared according to the process of the invention which can be used in the treatment of iron deficiency.

Abstract: When an enzymatic reaction is performed in a reaction mixture containing cyclodextrin and a branched maltooligosaccharide or a saccharide mixture of the same in the presence of a branch-splitting enzyme such as pullulanase, a twig branched cyclodextrin, i.e. a branched cyclodextrin of which the branched portion is formed of a moiety of a branched maltooligosaccharide, is formed. This product is a novel compound not known in the prior art and is a useful material in various industrial fields such as foods, cosmetics, medicines and the like by virtue of the unique properties of, for example, clathrate formation and complex formation with atoms or ions of metals.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of cyclodextrins employs as a feedstock an aqueous solution of partially hydrolyzed starch with a dextrose equivalent between about 10 and about 15 as the feedstock for an immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. In one variant the feedstock is sent to a membrane which removes cyclodextrins and glucose and the retentate is recycled to an immobilized glycosyltransferase so as to effectively utilize the feedstock. In another variant the effluent is passed through a water immiscibled liquid organic compound which forms a solid insoluble complex with cyclodextrins, the solids are continually removed, and the aqueous phase is recycled to an immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase as in the prior variant.

Abstract: Iso-malto-oligosaccharide monovalent haptens were prepared by adding an aqueous sucrose solution to an aqueous solution of D-glucose containing more than 300 mmol glucose per 1000 U .alpha.(1.fwdarw.6)-D-glucosyl transferase at 265 to 310 K and a pH value of from 4.5 to 8.0 and a molar ratio of sucrose to glucose of from 0.5 to 2.0. After consumption of the sucrose, glucose, liberated fructose and undesired oligosaccharides are separated in a known manner.The process of the invention allows a particularly economical preparation of the monovalent haptens which serve for the prophylaxis of undesired dextran induced anaphylactoid side effects (DIAR).

Abstract: Dairy whey, a waste product of cheese production, is fermented to produce a thickening agent for use in the food industry by forming a fermentation broth containing whey and sucrose, and fermenting the broth with Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 14935. The fermentation broth can optionally contain a water-soluble phosphate as a pH buffer and yeast extract.

Abstract: There is described a process for the production of a polysaccharide-producing enzyme, which comprises fermenting an appropriate enzyme producing organism in aqueous sucrose, characterized in that the sucrose concentration is maintained at between 1 and 10 g/l throughout all but the last part of the fermentation and that the dissolved oxygen content of the fermentation is controlled.There is also described a method for the purification of a polysaccharide producing enzyme, which comprises absorbing a mixture containing the enzyme on an anionic resin and removing the enzyme from the resin with a sugar containing eluant, and a novel highly purified form of polysaccharide producing enzyme.