Monosaccharide Patents (Class 435/105)
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Patent number: 7811796Abstract: A multilayer enzyme immobilization process is provided comprising adsorbing a polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution in a fibrous matrix, and adding an enzyme to the fibrous matrix, which comprises a plurality of fibrils. The process further comprises forming at least two layers of PEI-enzyme aggregates on the fibrils, and cross-linking the multilayer PEI-enzyme aggregates. The process can further comprise washing the fibrils containing the cross-linked PEI-enzyme aggregates with distilled water and acetic acid buffer subsequent to cross-linking. However, the PEI-containing matrix is not washed prior to the addition of enzyme. The enzyme can be ?-galactosidase and the fibrous matrix can be cotton cloth. The multilayer immobilized enzyme can be employed in a biocatalyst reactor for production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose and the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 2006Date of Patent: October 12, 2010Assignee: The Ohio State University Research FoundationInventors: Shang-Tian Yang, Nedim Albayrak
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Patent number: 7807419Abstract: Processes for saccharification of pretreated biomass to obtain high concentrations of fermentable sugars are provided. Specifically, a process was developed that uses a fed batch approach with particle size reduction to provide a high dry weight of biomass content enzymatic saccharification reaction, which produces a high sugars concentration hydrolysate, using a low cost reactor system.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2007Date of Patent: October 5, 2010Assignees: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLCInventors: Susan M. Hennessey, Mayis Seapan, Richard T. Elander, Melvin P. Tucker
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Patent number: 7803601Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for making and using an isolated cyanobacterium that includes a portion of an exogenous bacterial cellulose operon sufficient to express bacterial cellulose, whereby the cyanobacterium produces extracellular glucose. The compositions and methods of the present invention may be used as a new global crop for the manufacture of cellulose, CO2 fixation, for the production of alternative sources of conventional cellulose as well as a biofuel and precursors thereof.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 2007Date of Patent: September 28, 2010Assignee: Board of Regents, The University of TexasInventors: David R. Nobles, Jr., R. Malcolm Brown, Jr.
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Publication number: 20100240104Abstract: Knot rejects from chemical pulping processes are subjected to acid hydrolysis or an enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. The resultant hydrolysate is enriched with glucose, representing a value-added raw material for products using hexoses. The residue, separated from the said hydrolysate after the acid hydrolysis or enzyme treatment, consists of mainly knots or chips. The residue has a much improved aesthetic appearance which can be readily used as value-added raw materials for mulch or similar applications. The residue could also be extracted to obtain high value antioxidants and other nutraceutical chemicals such as lignans or can be utilized according to currently known practices including recooking, burning and depositing.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 16, 2008Publication date: September 23, 2010Inventors: Xiao Zhang, Zhi-Hua Jiang
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Patent number: 7781191Abstract: Target chemicals were produced using biocatalysts that are able to ferment sugars derived from treated biomass. Sugars were obtained by pretreating biomass under conditions of high solids and low ammonia concentration, followed by saccharification.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2006Date of Patent: August 24, 2010Assignees: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Alliance For Sustainable Energy LLCInventors: James B. Dunson, Jr., Melvin P. Tucker, III, Richard T. Elander, Susan Marie Hennessey
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Publication number: 20100209976Abstract: Disclosed is a method of pre-treating and saccharifying an algae biomass, by dehydrating the algae biomass to have a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight, cutting the algae biomass having a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight to a predetermined size, and saccharifying the cut algae biomass using a hydrolysis catalyst and/or a hydrolase to yield a monosaccharide.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 22, 2009Publication date: August 19, 2010Applicants: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KYONGGI UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY & ACADEMIA COOPERATION FOUNDATIONInventors: Hwa Young CHO, Jun Seok KIM, Jae Chan PARK, Sung Min PARK, Jin Woo KIM
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Publication number: 20100196968Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucosidase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods for producing and using the polypeptides.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 17, 2010Publication date: August 5, 2010Applicant: Novozymes, Inc.Inventors: Paul Harris, Elizabeth Golightly
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Publication number: 20100196967Abstract: A method for fractionating a lignocellulosic material, the method comprising; contacting (2) the lignocellulosic material with an ionic liquid (3) and dissolving the lignocellulosic material therein, providing a second liquid (7) which is immiscible with the ionic liquid and is also a non-solvent for cellulose, adding the second liquid to the ionic liquid so as to form a biphasic system (6) which comprises an ionic liquid phase essentially free of lignocellulose and a second liquid phase comprising lignin in solution and cellulose as a precipitate, separating the two phases and recovering (8) the precipitated cellulose from the separated second liquid phase.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 7, 2008Publication date: August 5, 2010Inventors: Leslie Alan Edye, William Orlando Sinclair Doherty
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Patent number: 7767425Abstract: A process is described for the enzymatic synthesis of sugar acrylates, and a process is described for preparing polymeric sugar acrylates, the polymers obtainable by this process and their use for preparing, for example, cosmetics, drugs, laundry detergents, thickeners, protecting colloids, superabsorbents and textile sizes.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 2002Date of Patent: August 3, 2010Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Dieter Boeckh, Bernhard Hauer, Dietmar Häring
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Publication number: 20100190208Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel acid proteases and more specifically to NSP24 family proteases and NSP25 family proteases including biologically active fragments thereof and to nucleic acid molecules encoding said proteases. Also provided are vectors and host cells including nucleic acid sequences coding for the proteases, methods for producing the proteases, enzyme compositions and methods employing said proteases.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 20, 2009Publication date: July 29, 2010Inventors: Kathleen A. CLARKSON, Nigel DUNN-COLEMAN, Suzanne E. LANTZ, Craig E. PILGRIM, Piet VAN SOLINGEN, Michael Ward
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Patent number: 7754457Abstract: A continuous process for treating a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. This method comprises pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock under pressure in a pretreatment reactor at a pH between about 0.4 and about 2.0. One or more than one soluble base is added to this pressurized, pretreated feedstock after it exits the pretreatment reactor to adjust the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to an intermediate pH of between about pH 2.5 to about pH 3.5. This pressurized, partially-neutralized feedstock is then further processed at the intermediate pH. This may include flashing one or more than one time at the intermediate pH. The pH of the pressurized, partially-neutralized feedstock may then be adjusted with one or more than one base to produce a neutralized feedstock having a pH between about 4 and about 6. Prior to adjusting the pH to between about 2.5 and about 3.5, the pressurized, pretreated feedstock truly be partially depressurized.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 2006Date of Patent: July 13, 2010Assignee: Iogen Energy CorporationInventors: Brian Foody, Jeffrey S. Tolan
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Publication number: 20100146843Abstract: This invention relates to a process, a plant, and a biofuel for integrated biofuel production, such as with butanol, biodiesel, and/or sugar product. The integrated process includes the step of removing hexose from a feedstock to form a lignocellulosic material. The process also includes the step of converting the hexose to butanol and/or a biodiesel material, and the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a residue. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to butanol and/or a biodiesel material.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 17, 2008Publication date: June 17, 2010Applicant: BP Corporation North America Inc.Inventor: Jean-Charles Dumenil
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Publication number: 20100136634Abstract: Method and equipment for production of fermentable saccharides, ethanol, furfural, furane, lignin, acetic acid and formic acid from lignocellulosic and amylaceous materials. The method comprises one-stage or two-stage continuous thermo-compressive hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic particles, cellulase treatment of unreacted lignocellulose, amylase treatment of formed monosaccharides combined with added amylaceous materials, and fermentation of the combined processed monosaccharide solutions into ethanol. Side products furfural, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid and lignin are recovered and purified, optionally furfural is further converted to furan. An integrated process for recovery and recycling of all products and by-products, and recycling of heat energy is disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 30, 2007Publication date: June 3, 2010Inventors: Zdenek Kratochvil, Libor Rychtár, Frantisek Machek, Frantisek Bouska
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Patent number: 7727746Abstract: A process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to produce a hydrolysis product from a pre-treated cellulosic feedstock is provided. The process comprises introducing an aqueous slurry of the pre-treated cellulosic feedstock at the bottom of a hydrolysis reactor. Axial dispersion in the reactor is limited by avoiding mixing and maintaining an average slurry flow velocity of about 0.1 to about 20 feet per hour, such that the undissolved solids flow upward at a rate slower than that of the liquid. Cellulase enzymes are added to the aqueous slurry before or during the step of introducing. An aqueous stream comprising hydrolysis product and unhydrolyzed solids is removed from the hydrolysis reactor. Also provided are enzyme compositions which comprise cellulase enzymes and flocculents for use in the process. In addition, a kit comprising cellulase enzymes and flocculent is provided.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 2005Date of Patent: June 1, 2010Assignee: Iogen Energy CorporationInventors: Brian Foody, Ziyad Rahme, Jeffrey S. Tolan
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Publication number: 20100124772Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 19, 2009Publication date: May 20, 2010Applicant: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANYInventor: SUBRAMANIAM SABESAN
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Publication number: 20100112646Abstract: A process for preparing glucose from a cellulose material, in which a cellulose-comprising starting material is provided and treated with a liquid treatment medium comprising an ionic liquid whose anions are selected from among polyatomic anions and the cellulose-comprising material which has been treated with the ionic liquid is subjected to an enzymatic hydrolysis, is described.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 22, 2008Publication date: May 6, 2010Applicant: BASF SEInventors: Tim Balensiefer, Julia Brodersen, Giovanni D'Andola, Klemens Massonne, Stephan Freyer, Weit Stegmann
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Patent number: 7709042Abstract: A process for producing a pretreated feedstock is provided. The feedstock is selected from grasses, cereal straws, stover, and combinations thereof, and least about 80% of the feedstock has a particle length of between about 2 cm and about 40 cm. This process comprises wetting the feedstock in liquid, pressing the wet feedstock through one roll press or a series of roll presses to remove at least a portion of water and soluble substances from the wetted feedstock and to shear the feedstock to produce feedstock particles of a size suitable for pumping at a solids concentration of about 8% to about 20% when slurried. At least one roll press, or at least one roll press in the series of roll presses comprises rolls with circumferential v-shaped grooves. The pressed feedstock particles are slurried to produce a slurried feedstock having a consistency of between about 8% and about 20%, and the slurried feedstock pumped into a pretreatment reactor.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 2005Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignee: Iogen Energy CorporationInventors: Pat Foody, Vijay Anand
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Publication number: 20100107282Abstract: A Dictyoglomus turgidum thermostable cellulase enzyme with both endocellulase activity and exocellulase activity that is able to degrade cellulose in the absence of scaffoldins and other cellulosomic proteins is provided. The use of the enzyme to degrade cellulosic materials to soluble sugars is also provided. Also described are nucleic acid constructs that encode and express the cellulase, and hosts transformed to contain the nucleic acid constructs.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 23, 2009Publication date: April 29, 2010Inventor: Phillip J. Brumm
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Patent number: 7691619Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated protein including an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2 and having an L-rhamnose isomerase activity. This novel enzyme has a higher reaction efficiency between D-psicose and D-allose and is excellent in thermal stability.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 2005Date of Patent: April 6, 2010Assignee: Rare Sugar Production Technical Research Laboratories, LLCInventors: Ken Izumori, Goro Takata, Masaaki Tokuda
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Publication number: 20100081798Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing glucose from a lignocellulose-comprising starting material, in which this is firstly treated with an ionic liquid and subsequently subjected to an enzymatic hydrolysis. The invention further relates to a process for preparing microbial metabolites, especially ethanol, in which the glucose obtained is additionally subjected to a fermentation.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 22, 2008Publication date: April 1, 2010Applicant: BASF SEInventors: Tim Balensiefer, Hartwig Schroeder, Stephan Freyer, Giovanni D'Andola, Klemens Massonne
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Publication number: 20100077503Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for modulating GDP-L-Galactose Guanyltransferase (also known as GDP-L-Galactose phosphorylase) activity; and/or GDP-D-Mannose epimerase activity; and/or ascorbate content in plants. The invention provides plants and plant cells with increased GDP-L-Galactose Guanyltransferase activity; and/or GDP-D-Mannose epimerase activity. The invention provides plants and plant cells with increased ascorbate content as a result of: over-expression of GDP-L-Galactose Guanyltransferase; over-expression of GDP-D-Mannose epimerase; or in particular over-expression of a combination of GDP-L-Galactose Guanyltransferase and GDP-D-Mannose epimerase.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 7, 2008Publication date: March 25, 2010Applicant: The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedInventors: William A. Laing, Sean M.W. Bulley
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Publication number: 20100055746Abstract: N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine can be produced by cultivating a fungus capable of producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, such as Trichoderma hamatum AB10282 strain (FERM BP-10623) or Trichoderma harzianum AB10283 strain (FERM BP-10624), in a culture medium supplemented with a carbon source other than chitin and chitin oligosaccharide and a nitrogen source to produce and accumulate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the culture medium and then collecting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from the culture medium.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 14, 2006Publication date: March 4, 2010Applicant: Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tetsuya Mori, Wakako Ichikawa, Yuichi Kita, Yasuyuki Tetsuka
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Publication number: 20100055747Abstract: The present teachings provide methods of converting cellulosic materials to soluble sugars. Methods for increasing the yield of glucose from the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials is also provided. The present teachings further provide methods of increasing the yield of cellobiose from the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 13, 2007Publication date: March 4, 2010Inventors: Bradley Kelemen, Edmund A. Larenas, Colin Mitchinson
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Patent number: 7670813Abstract: A method for recovering inorganic salt during processing of a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The method comprises pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock by adding an acid or a base to the feedstock to produce a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock. A soluble base or acid is then added to the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to adjust the pH and produce a neutralized feedstock. The neutralized feedstock is then hydrolyzed to produce an hydrolyzed feedstock and a sugar stream. Inorganic salt is recovered from a wash stream obtained from the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock, a stream obtained from the neutralized feedstock, a stream obtained from the sugar stream, or a combination of these streams. The inorganic salt may be concentrated, clarified, recovered and purified by crystallization, electrodialysis, drying, or agglomeration and granulation, and then used as desired, for example, as a fertilizer.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 2006Date of Patent: March 2, 2010Assignee: Iogen Energy CorporationInventors: Brian Foody, Jeffrey S. Tolan, Ziyad Rahme, Vijay Anand
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Patent number: 7666632Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules encoding an alternansucrase are provided. Moreover, vectors, host cells and plant cells transformed by the herein-described nucleic acid molecules and plants containing them are provided. Furthermore, methods are described for preparing transgenic plants which synthesize the carbohydrate alternan, because of the insertion of nucleic acid molecules encoding an alternansucrase. Moreover, methods for preparing alternan and products resulting from them are provided.Type: GrantFiled: October 30, 2007Date of Patent: February 23, 2010Assignee: Bayer Bioscience GmbHInventors: Jens Kossmann, Thomas Welsh, Martin Quanz, Karola Knuth
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Publication number: 20100028485Abstract: The invention relates to strains of Talaromyces emersonii which are thermostable and encode thermostable enzymes. The enzymes retain activity at temperatures above 550 C. These strains and enzymes find use in a variety of processes from waste reduction to the production of novel food ingredients and the production of bio-fuels.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 9, 2007Publication date: February 4, 2010Inventors: Maria Gerardine Tuohy, Patrick Gerard Murray, Teresa Caroline Gilleran, Catherine Majella Collins, Francis Jeremiah Reen, Lassarina Patrick McLoughlin, Anne Geraldine Stephanie Lydon, Alan Patrick Maloney, Mary Noelle Heneghan, Anthony John O'Donoghue, Cathal Sean Mahon
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Patent number: 7655836Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for increasing the yield of a compound produced by an organism. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for increasing the total or soluble carbohydrate content or sweetness or increasing the content of an endogenous carbohydrate of a plant tissue by producing a sugar-metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an endogenous sugar (one that is normally produced in the plant) to an alien sugar (one that is not normally produced in the plant at the same developmental stage). The invention also relates to plants and plant parts that produce a sugar-metabolizing enzyme to yield an alien sugar, with the consequence of higher total fermentable carbohydrate content, and to fermentable carbohydrates and other products derived therefrom.Type: GrantFiled: May 12, 2004Date of Patent: February 2, 2010Assignee: The University of QueenslandInventors: Robert George Birch, Luguang Wu
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Publication number: 20100015672Abstract: A transformant is prepared to insert at least a gene expression cassette comprising a gene involved in the synthesis of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose into E. coli as host cells. A 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose is synthesized from D-glucose, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, starch and rice bran, using the transformant. A culture solution containing the 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose is treated with a mixed bed or double bed type column comprising a hydrogen form of strong acidic cation exchange resin and an organic ion form of basic anion exchange resin. The 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose as purified is reacted with trimethoxymethane to convert into 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose dimethylketal, and the dimethylketal is crystallized and purified. Then, DOI is highly purified through hydrolyzing the dimethylketal in the presence of acid.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 23, 2006Publication date: January 21, 2010Applicants: Niigata Bio-Research Center, Inc., Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: Masamichi Takagi, Takahisa Kogure, Naoki Wakisaka, Hiroaki Takaku, Katsumi Ajisaka, Tatsuo Miyazaki, Masao Hirayama
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Publication number: 20090325241Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid constructs comprising coding sequences operably linked to a promoter not natively associated with the coding sequence. The coding sequences encode Pichia stipitis proteins that allow recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the protein to grow on xylose, and allow or increase uptake of xylose by Pichia stipitis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the coding sequences. Expression of the coding sequences enhances uptake of xylose and/or glucose, allowing increased ethanol or xylitol production.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 15, 2009Publication date: December 31, 2009Inventors: Thomas William Jeffries, JuYun Bae, Bernice Chin-yun Lin, Jennifer Rebecca Headman Van Vleet
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Publication number: 20090318372Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-O-glyceryl-?-D-glucopyranoside (?GG; FIG. 1) from a glucosyl donor and a glucosyl acceptor comprising the steps:—providing a sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7), incubating said sucrose phosphorylase with a mixture comprising a glucosyl donor and glycerol as glucosyl acceptor and isolating and/or purifying 2-O-glyceryl-?-D-glucopyranoside.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 21, 2007Publication date: December 24, 2009Applicants: Technische Universital Graz, Forschungsholding Tu Graz GMBHInventors: Christiane Gödl, Thornthan Sawangwan, Bernd Nidetzky, Mario Müller
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Publication number: 20090311731Abstract: We describe a microbial cell, typically a bacterial cell, genetically engineered to produce a modified sugar nucleotide, for example UDP glucuronic acid, and the use of the modified sugar to transfer glucuronic acid to small acceptor molecules.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 25, 2007Publication date: December 17, 2009Applicant: The University of YorkInventor: Eng Kiat Lim
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Patent number: 7625728Abstract: Effective processes are provided for the production of xylitol and ethanol and other products from solutions derived from lignocellulose-containing material in biomass. The solutions can be hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed before being fermented with microbes. The fermented solution can be distilled and can be subsequently separated, such as, by chromatographic separation, membrane separation, etc. The recovered xylitol solution can be crystallized to provide pure xylitol crystals.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 2006Date of Patent: December 1, 2009Assignee: Danisco Sweeteners OyInventors: Olli-Pekka Eroma, Heikki Heikkila, Heikki Ojamo, Päivi Sarmala, Göran Hyöky, Leena Rahkila, Marja-Leena Sarkki, Tapio Viljava
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Patent number: 7618795Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch into a soluble starch hydrolysate at a temperature below the initial gelatinization temperature of said granular starch.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2004Date of Patent: November 17, 2009Assignee: Novozymes A/SInventors: Anders Vikso-Nielsen, Carsten Andersen, Sven Pedersen, Carsten Hjort
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Publication number: 20090280541Abstract: Xylose-containing plant material may be hydrolyzed to xylose using a ?-D-xylosidase which exhibits unexpectedly high activity. The enzyme has a kcat value for catalysis of approximately 185 sec?1 for 1,4-?-D-xylobiose (X2) when measured at a pH of 5.3 and a temperature of 25° C.; this is at least 10-fold greater than reported for other xylosidases at 25° C. and their optimal pH. The enzyme also has an isoelectric point of approximately 4.4. When reacted at a pH between about 4.5 and about 7.7, the ?-D-xylosidase exhibits surprisingly high activity for hydrolyzing xylose-containing plant materials to xylose. The xylose released from plant materials may then be converted to other secondary products such as ethanol by fermentation or other reaction. This ?-D-xylosidase may be used alone or in combination with other hydrolytic or xylanolytic enzymes for treatment of lignocellulosic or hemicellulosic plant materials or plant material hydrolysates or xylooligosaccharides.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 27, 2007Publication date: November 12, 2009Inventors: Douglas B. Jordan, Xin Liang Li, Christopher A. Dunlap, Terence R. Whitehead, Michael A. Cotta
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Publication number: 20090269323Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-amphiphile-based water-in-water emulsion composition. The non-amphiphile-based water-in-water emulsion composition includes a water-soluble polymer, a non-amphiphilic lyotropic mesogen encapsulated by the water-soluble polymer; and water. In one embodiment, the non-amphiphilic lyotropic mesogen includes, without limitation, a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal, and more specifically disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). In another embodiment, the water-soluble polymer can include, without limitation, a polyacrylamide, a polyol, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polysaccharide, or a water-soluble fluoride-bearing polymer. The present invention also relates to a porous hydrogel made with the use of the non-amphiphile-based water-in-water emulsion. The present invention further relates to using the emulsion and hydrogel for various applications.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 18, 2008Publication date: October 29, 2009Applicant: Syracuse University Technology Transfer and Industrial Development OfficeInventors: Yan-Yeung LUK, Karen A. SIMON, Dacheng REN
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Patent number: 7608436Abstract: A process for preparing saccharide oligomers uses an aqueous feed composition that comprises at least one monosaccharide or linear saccharide oligomer, and has a solids concentration of at least about 70% by weight. The feed composition is heated to a temperature of at least about 40° C., and is contacted with at least one catalyst that accelerates the rate of cleavage or formation of glucosyl bonds, such as enzyme or acid, for a time sufficient to cause formation of non-linear saccharide oligomers. A product composition is produced that contains a higher concentration of non-linear saccharide oligomers than linear saccharide oligomers.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2006Date of Patent: October 27, 2009Assignee: Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas, Inc.Inventors: Michael D. Harrison, James C. Purdue, Penelope A. Patton, Andrew J. Hoffman, James M. Gaddy, Chi-Li Liu, Robert V. Schanefelt
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Patent number: 7592163Abstract: A new xylose reductase encoding gene from Neurspora crassa was heterologously expressed in E. coli as a His-tag fusion protein and subsequently purified in high yield. This xylose reductase was shown to have a high turnover rate and catalytic efficiency, high stability at room temperature, broad pH profile, and a preference of NADPH over NADH. This enzyme is utilized in production of xylitol and other sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and also in the metabolic enhancement of organisms used for fermentation of plant biomass into ethanol.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2008Date of Patent: September 22, 2009Assignees: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, Biotechnology Research and Development CorporationInventors: Huimin Zhao, Ryan Woodyer, Michael Simurdiak, Wilfred A. van der Donk
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Publication number: 20090226978Abstract: Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and variations thereof are provided. Further provided are methods of at least partially degrading xylotriose and/or xylobiose using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and variations thereof.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 23, 2009Publication date: September 10, 2009Applicant: Battelle Energy Alliance, LLCInventors: David N. Thompson, Vicki S. Thompson, Kastli D. Schaller, William A. Apel, David W. Reed, Jeffrey A. Lacey
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Publication number: 20090226979Abstract: A method for the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials using spent liquor. The spent liquor is derived from a pulping operation or is hydrolyzate from another cellulosic biomass process. The process can be implemented in a batch or semi continuous or continuous process. The hydrolyzate is fermented to a useful product and purified. Combustible biomass residues and chemicals are used to provide energy and chemical recovery.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 3, 2009Publication date: September 10, 2009Inventors: Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
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Publication number: 20090221042Abstract: A process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and/or digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition, is described. The process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling. The process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the structural carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are used as animal feeds and energy sources for ethanol production.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 30, 2007Publication date: September 3, 2009Inventors: Bruce E. Dale, Lee R. Lynd, Mark Laser
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Publication number: 20090209001Abstract: The invention relates to isolated mutants of enzymes from the group of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase wild-type enzymes having a productivity factor (as determined by a specific test) which is at least 10% higher than the productivity factor for the corresponding wild-type enzyme from which it is a mutant. The mutants have at least one amino acid substitution at one or more of the positions corresponding to K13, T19, Y49, N80, D84, A93, E127, A128, K146, K160, I166, A174, M185, K196, F200, and S239 in Escherichia coli K12 (EC 4.1.2.4) wild-type enzyme sequence, and/or a deletion of at least one amino acid at the positions corresponding to S258 and Y259 therein, optionally combined with, specific, C-terminal extension and/or N terminal extension.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 2, 2005Publication date: August 20, 2009Applicant: DSM IP ASSET B.V.Inventors: Martin Schüermann, Marcel Gerhardus Wubbolts, Daniel Mink, Michael Wolberg, Johannes Helena Michael Mommers, Stefan Martin Jennewein
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Publication number: 20090209009Abstract: A process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to produce a hydrolysis product comprising glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock and enzymes for use in the process are provided. The process comprises hydrolyzing an aqueous slurry of a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock with cellulase enzymes, one or more than one ?-glucosidase enzyme and a binding agent for binding the ?-glucosidase enzyme to fiber solids present in the aqueous slurry. During the hydrolysis, both the cellulase enzyme and ?-glucosidase enzyme bind to the fiber solids. The hydrolysis is performed in a solids-retaining hydrolysis reactor so that unhydrolyzed fiber solids and bound enzyme are retained in the reactor longer than the aqueous phase of the slurry.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 22, 2007Publication date: August 20, 2009Applicant: IOGEN ENERGY CORPORATIONInventors: Jeffrey Tolan, Theresa White, John Tomashek
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Patent number: 7575910Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing L-fuculose and L-fucose which is suitable as an industrial method. L-Fuculose is synthesized from L-fucitol in the presence of a microorganism-derived protein having a dehydrogenase activity which results in production of L-fuculose from L-fucitol. The reaction system preferably contains NADH oxidase. L-Fuculose thus synthesized is then converted into L-fucose.Type: GrantFiled: September 18, 2006Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Assignee: Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Inventors: Shunichi Suzuki, Kunihiko Watanabe
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Patent number: 7575930Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for analyzing oligosaccharides constituting the heparins of low molecular weight and the heparins of very low molecular weight from blood plasma.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 2007Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Assignee: Aventis Pharma S.A.Inventors: Pierre Mourier, Christian Viskov
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Publication number: 20090203089Abstract: Bacterial polynucleotides and polypeptides are provided in which the polypeptides have a dehydrogenase activity, such as an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, an uronate, a 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEHU) ((4S,5S)-4,5 dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate) hydrogenase activity, a 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase activity, a D-mannuronate hydrogenase activity, and/or a D-mannnonate dehydrogenase activity. Methods, enzymes, recombinant microorganism, and microbial systems are also provided for converting polysaccharides, such as those derived from biomass, into suitable monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, as well as for converting suitable monosaccharides or oligosaccharides into commodity chemicals, such as biofuels. Commodity chemicals produced by the methods described herein are also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 28, 2009Publication date: August 13, 2009Applicant: BIO ARCHITECTURE LAB, INC.Inventor: Yuki Kashiyama
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Publication number: 20090203088Abstract: The present invention relates to the co-expression and production of a heterologous alpha amylase and an endogenous glucoamylase in an Aspergillus strain and enzyme compositions including the same.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 21, 2009Publication date: August 13, 2009Applicant: Genencor International, Inc.Inventors: Toby M. Baldwin, Kathleen A. Clarkson, Nigel Dunn-Coleman, Suzanne E. Lantz
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Publication number: 20090181434Abstract: Provided herein is a transgenic bacteria engineered to accumulate carbohydrates, for example disaccharides. Also provided is a photobioreactor for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms comprising a non-gelatinous, solid cultivation support suitable for providing nutrients and moisture to photosynthetic microorganisms and a physical barrier covering at least a portion of the surface of the cultivation support. Devices for the large scale and continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms incorporating photobioreactors and methods of use are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of producing fermentable sugar from photosynthetic microorganisms using a photobioreactor of the invention.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 5, 2009Publication date: July 16, 2009Applicant: PROTERRO, INC.Inventors: John Aikens, Robert J. Turner
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Publication number: 20090181433Abstract: The present invention provides means for the production of desired end-products of in vitro and/or in vivo bioconversion of biomass-based feed stock substrates, including but not limited to such materials as starch and cellulose. In particularly preferred embodiments, the methods of the present invention do not require gelatinization and/or liquefaction of the substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 2, 2008Publication date: July 16, 2009Applicant: GENENCOR INTERNATIONAL, INC.Inventors: Gopal K. Chotani, Manoj Kumar, Jeffrey P. Pucci, Karl J. Sanford, Jayarama K. Shetty
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Patent number: 7560126Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is directed to polypeptides having an amylase activity, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods for making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one aspect, the polypeptides of the invention can be used as amylases, for example, alpha amylases, to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 2003Date of Patent: July 14, 2009Assignee: Verenium CorporationInventors: Walter Callen, Toby Richardson, Gerhard Frey, Kevin A. Gray, Janne S. Kerovuo, Malgorzata Slupska, Nelson R. Barton, Eileen O'Donoghue, Eric J. Mathur, Jay M. Short
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Patent number: 7556945Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for continuously converting sucrose to ?-D-glucose. The method comprises a three-stage enzymatic reactor in which an aqueous solution of sucrose is first converted into a solution of fructose and ?-D-glucose by passing it through a porous, packed column containing an inert media on which invertase is immobilized. This solution is then sent through a second packed column containing glucose isomerase and finally a third packed column containing mutarotase. Solution temperature and pH are adjusted to maximize glucose output.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 2007Date of Patent: July 7, 2009Assignee: Sandia CorporationInventors: Blake A. Simmons, Joanne V. Volponi, David Ingersoll, Andrew Walker