Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing phenylalanine which comprises contacting phenylpyruvic acid or phenylpyruvate with immobilized whole cells having transaminase activity in the presence of an amine donor. The cells are preferably immobilized with a polyazetidine polymer. Ruptured or permeabilized cells, with the enzyme in the free or immobilized state, may also be used. The preparation of phenylalanine from cinnamic acid using immobilized cells having phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing and isolating catabolite resistant, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-producing microorganisms is disclosed. Also disclosed are novel catabolite resistant organisms and a method for producing L-phenylalanine using such organisms.

Abstract: A method for producing L-phenylalanine by fermentation which comprises aerobically culturing an L-phenylalanine-producing microorganism in an aqueous culture medium and recovering the L-phenylalanine accumulated in the culture medium, the L-phenylalanine-producing microorganism having been constructed by incorporating a recombinant plasmid DNA, into which a DNA fragment controlling resistance to a phenylalanine antagoinst, obtained from a chromosomal DNA of a mutant of the genus Bacillus resistant to the phenylalanine antagonist, has been inserted, into a recipient strain of the genus Bacillus.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a microbiologically produced L-phenylalanine-dehydrogenase and a process for its recovery from Brevibacterium species DSM 2448. The new enzyme can be used for the enzymatic conversion of phenyl pyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic aid, indolyl pyruvic acid or 2-keto-4-(methylmercapto)-butyric acid into the corresponding L-.alpha.-aminocarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A method for producing L-tryptophan by fermentation in high yields employing a microorganism of the genus Bacillus, which has been constructed by a gene splicing technique by incorporating a recombinant plasmid DNA containing an inserted DNA containing fragment controlling resistance to tryptophan-antagonists into a recipient strain of the genus Bacillus. The incorporated DNA fragment is a mutant of the genus Bacillus which was obtained from resistant to tryptophan-antagonists.

Abstract: A method for the production of the enzyme, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), by fermentation, wherein the stability and useful life of the enzyme are improved by maintaining PAL-containing media in substantially anaerobic, static conditions. PAL is useful for catalyzing the conversion of t-cinnamic acid and ammonia to L-phenylalanine.

Abstract: A process for refining phenylalanine, in which a phenylalanine solution containing tyrosine as the main impurity and other impurities is contacted with a non-polar, highly porous synthetic adsorbent, adsorbing phenylalanine on the adsorbent selectively, and eluting and recovering the adsorbed phenylalanine, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic conversion of t-cinnamic acid and ammonia to L-phenylalanine, using the catalyst, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, wherein the stability and useful life of the enzyme are improved by conducting the conversion under substantially anaerobic, static conditions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing L-phenylalanine using, as a catalyst, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Reducing agents are added to a bioreaction mixture containing t-cinnamic acid and ammonia or soluble ammonium salts, in order to reduce the effects of oxygen on catalyst life. The reducing agents of the invention include any substance that lowers the overall electrochemical potential of the solution, or which has a tendency to donate electrons to an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of L-phenylalanines and analogues thereof from trans-cinnamate, ring substituted trans-cinnamates or various acrylate derivatives and ammonia or an ammonia donor in the presence of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme and a desensitizing agent such as polyhydric alcohols and polyethylene glycol-(400) is disclosed. The process embraces the discovery that compounds such as polyhydric alcohols and polyethylene glycol-(400) desensitize the L-phenyalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme to substantially higher substrate concentrations than practiced heretofore. In addition, polyhydric alcohols and polyethylene glycol-(400) substantially enhance the instantaneous rate of reaction and inhibit inactivation of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme over longer reaction periods.

Abstract: A process for economically producing L-tryptophan which involves culturing aerobically in a culture medium a mutant of the genus Bacillus which is resistant to azaserine and a tryptophan analogue and recovering the L-tryptophan produced which accumulates in the culture medium.

Abstract: This invention relates to two new antibacterial and anti-tumor agents designated LL-BO1208.alpha. and LL-BO1208.beta. produced during microbiological fermentation, under controlled conditions, using the novel microorganism Streptoverticillium stramineum and mutants thereof.

Abstract: A process is described for producing alpha amino acids or derivatives thereof. The process comprises reacting an alpha-keto acid with L-aspartic acid in the presence of transaminase enzyme to produce (1) an alpha amino acid corresponding to said alpha-keto acid and (2) oxaloacetate; and decarboxylating said oxaloacetate.

Abstract: Biological materials are immobilized by being absorbed into vermiculite particles which then are coated with a polymeric coating material. A variety of cross-linking, condensing, and gelling agents may be used to strengthen and crosslink the polymer.

Abstract: Biochemical optical resolution of DL-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanines in which DL-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanine amides are interacted with the culture products, or their treated products, of a microorganism capable of producing amidase is described. L-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanines having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be independently a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl groups, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be alkylene groups combined together to form 5 through 8-membered rings is produced by the steps of:(a) making a DL-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanine amide having the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same as defined above, interact with the culture product of a microorganism capable of producing enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-isomer of DL-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanine amides or the treated product thereof, whereby asymmetric hydrolysis of an L-.alpha.-methylphenyl alanine amide is effected; and(b) separating the resultant L-.alpha.

Abstract: Biological materials are immobilized within condensed polyalkyleneimine polymers. Condensation of the polymer is accomplished by bridging the amine groups of polyalkyleneimine polymer chains with a polycarboxylic acid, in the presence of a condensing agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which an amino acid-producing microorganism having an ability to assimilate lactic acid is aerobically cultivated in the presence of at least one lactic acid microorganism in an aqueous nutrient medium containing at least one carbohydrate which is assimilable by the lactic acid microorganism but nonassimilable or weakly assimilable by the amino acid-producing microorganism as the main carbon source and an accumulated amino acid is recovered from the culture broth. An industrially advantageous production of an amino acid has become feasible by utilizing inexpensive carbon sources or those organic substances in agricultural or livestock wastes that have heretofore not been effectively utilized.

Abstract: L-phenylalanine is produced by fermentation by culturing in a culture medium an L-phenylalanine producing microorganism constructed by incorporating a hybrid plasmid in a recipient strain of the genus Escherichia and recovering the L-phenylalanine which accumulates in the culture medium, said hybrid plasmid containing a deoxyribonucleic acid fragment possessing genetic information related to L-phenylalanine production and obtained from a phenylalanine analogue resistant mutant of the genus Escherichia.

Abstract: When sensitivity to decoyinine is given by mutation to L-phenylalanine-producing mutants of the genus Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium, the productivity of L-phenylalanine of the new mutants is improved.

Abstract: An immobilized aminoacylase is prepared by bonding aminoacylase to a water-insoluble porous anion exchanger such as a porous phenolic resin, porous styrene resin, porous silica or porous glass having anion exchange groups and treating the bonded amino-acylase with a crosslinking agent such as an aliphatic dialdehyde. The porous anion exchanger preferably has a pore size of about 150.degree. to 3,000 A.degree., pore volume of about 0.3 to 1.0 m.sup.1 /g, specific surface area of about 10 to 150 m.sup.2 /g and particle size of above 0.1 to 1.2 mm. Preferred anion exchangers are trimethylammonium-introduced styrene resin and trimethylammonium-introduced silica.

Abstract: A bacterium which comprises a host of the genus Escherichia deficient in the enzyme tryptophanase carrying a plasmid with genetic information to control L-tryptophan production is useful for the fermentative production of L-tryptophan in high yields.

Abstract: In a process for producing L-tryptophan which comprises cultivating an L-tryptophan-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis under aerobic conditions in a nutrient culture medium containing anthranilic acid, a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a mineral source, and recovering the resultant L-tryptophan from the culture broth, the improvement wherein the mutant is a strain resistant to 5-fluorotryptophan and 8-azaguanine; and a pure culture of a microorganism strain used in said process.

Abstract: A process for producing L-tryptophan or a derivative thereof is disclosed, wherein an indole compound is reacted with serine, or with pyruvic acid and ammonium ion, in the presence of a culture or treated culture of a microorganism of genus Aeromonas or genus Klebsiella having the ability to produce L-tryptophan or a derivative thereof from an indole compound and serine, or from an indole compound, pyruvic acid and/or its salt, and ammonium ion.

Abstract: A process for producing L-tryptophan or a derivative thereof is disclosed, wherein an indole compound is reacted with serine, or with pyruvic acid and/or its salt and ammonium ion, in the presence of a culture or treated culture of a particular microorganism of genus Enterobacter having a special ability to produce L-tryptophan or a derivative thereof from an indole compound and serine, or from an indole compound, pyruvic acid and/or its salt, and ammonium ion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of L-tryptophan comprises reacting indole with serine in the presence of tryptophan synthetase or tryptophanase, wherein DL-serine or D-serine is used and a serine racemizing enzyme is included in the reaction system and reacted with the serine.

Abstract: A process for preparing L-tryptophan by fermentation which comprises cultivating on a medium containing ethanol as the main carbon source a microorganism of the genus Serratia that utilizes ethanol and has the ability to produce L-tryptophan, and recovering the accumulated L-tryptophan from the culture.

Abstract: A process for preparing D-N-carbamoyl-.alpha.-amino acids by subjecting 5-substituted hydantoins to the action of a cultured broth, cells or treated cells of microorganisms having an ability in asymmetrically hydrolyzing the hydantoin ring in an aqueous medium of pH 7 to 10. The process is suited for the industrial manufacture of D-N-carbamoyl-.alpha.-amino acids which are useful intermediates for the preparation of medicines.

Abstract: D-.alpha.-amino acids are produced by contacting a 5-substituted hydantoin with an effective amount of an enzyme capable of converting the 5-substituted hydantoin to the D-.alpha.-amino acid produced by a microorganism in an aqueous medium at a pH in the range of 4 to 9, the microorganism being capable of utilizing the D-isomer of the 5-substituted hydantoin as the sole nitrogen source, but substantially incapable of utilizing the L-isomer of the 5-substituted hydantoin as the nitrogen source and the substituent of the 5-position being such that upon reaction with the enzyme, an optically active D-.alpha.-amino acid isomer is produced; and recovering the D-.alpha.-amino acid which accumulates in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-formyl-2-amino-butyric acid(FABA), which comprises: culturing a mutant capable of producing FABA and belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium in a culture medium until a substantial amount of FABA has accumulated in the culture medium, and recovering the accumulated FABA from the culture medium.