Abstract: The present invention provides members that produce on a large scale a coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase which has excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose while providing low action on maltose. The present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a soluble coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor and has an activity toward maltose of 5% or lower; a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide; a recombinant vector carrying the polynucleotide; a transformed cell produced using the recombinant vector; a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the transformed cell and collecting from the cultivated products a polypeptide that links to FAD to exert the glucose dehydration activity; a method for determination of glucose using the polypeptide; a reagent composition for determination of glucose; and a biosensor.

Abstract: A test strip to assist in determining the concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample comprises a base, at least one tab and a break line. The base includes a capillary channel and a test element. The capillary channel is in fluid communication with the test element. The test element is adapted to receive the fluid sample. The at least one tab is removably attached to the base. The capillary channel extends from the base into a portion of the tab. The break line intersects the capillary channel in which an inlet to the capillary channel is exposed along the break line when the tab is separated from the base.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides small volume analyte sensors having large sample fill ports, supported analyte sensors, analyte sensors having supported tip protrusions and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for producing high levels of alcohol during fermentation of plant material, and to the high alcohol beer produced. The present invention is also directed to methods for producing high protein distiller's dried grain from fermentation of plant material, and to the high protein distiller's dried grain produced. The present invention also relates to reduced stack emissions from drying distillation products from the production of ethanol.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of medical devices. Specifically, the present invention provides portable medical devices that allow real-time detection of analytes from a biological fluid. The methods and devices are particularly useful for providing point-of-care testing for a variety of medical applications.

Abstract: The invention describes improved methods and compositions for producing a recombinant protein, e.g., an antibody, in mammalian cell culture. In addition, the invention provides improved cell culture media, including improved production media, feed solutions, and combination feeds, which may be used to improve protein productivity in mammalian cell culture.

Abstract: Provided is a glucose sensor that is capable of measuring a glucose concentration even in the case where Aspergillus oryzae type FAD-GDH (flavin adenine dinucleotide-glucose dehyrogenase) and a ruthenium compound are used in combination. The glucose sensor includes an insulative substrate, an electrode system having a working electrode and a counter electrode provided on the substrate, and a reagent layer provided on the electrode system, wherein the reagent layer contains Aspergillus oryzae type FAD-GDH, a ruthenium compound, and PMS (phenazine methosulfate).

Abstract: The invention relates to a test element for detecting at least one analyte in a sample, in particular for detecting at least one metabolite in a bodily fluid. The test element comprises at least one test field with a test field surface. The test field comprises at least one detection reagent that is adapted to undergo a detectable reaction in the presence of the analyte. The test element further comprises at least one distribution element that has at least one distribution surface facing the test field surface. Between the distribution surface and the test field surface is at least one capillary gap, wherein the capillary gap is adapted to allow a layer of the sample with a layer thickness of no more than 50 ?m to form within the capillary gap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an analyte sensor that includes a conductive calibration pattern which provides species-specific calibration information to a meter. Also provided, are analyte sensors comprising a layer of absorbent material disposed on a first major surface of a first substrate and/or a second major surface of a second substrate. Methods for making and using the analyte sensors are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucose dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+GDH] using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as a coenzyme, in which the thermal stability and/or the resistance to an organic solvent in the absence of sodium chloride are improved.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems to annunciate to the patient of the components involved in each of the daily risk range based on the glucose measurements to assist the patient in identification of whether it is hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia are driving the daily risk range of the measured glucose values.

Abstract: A sensor system for detecting a chemical or biological species includes a sensing element and a bias and measurement circuit. The sensing element includes nanochannels having an outer surface functionalized for interaction with the species to create a surface potential, and each having a sufficiently small cross section to exhibit a shift of differential conductance into a negative bias operating region by a shift amount dependent on the surface potential. The bias and measurement circuit applies a bias voltage across two ends of the nanochannels sufficiently negative to achieve a desired dependence of the differential conductance on the surface potential. The dependence has a steeply sloped region of high amplification substantially greater than a reference amplification at a zero-bias condition, thus achieving relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. The bias and measurement circuit converts the measured differential conductance into a signal indicative of presence or activity of the species.

Abstract: The present invention relates to measures for determining glucose and for diagnosing diseases based on impaired glucose metabolism. In particular the present invention relates to the use of a polymer-based hydrogel consisting of at least one water-soluble polymer in a sensor for enriching a dissolved glucose-binding protein, wherein the at least one water-soluble polymer is capable of interacting with the glucose-binding protein and wherein the glucose-binding protein is present in a complex with a ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functional, modified glucose-galactose binding proteins (GGBPs), that have a greater melting temperature (Tm) than a reference GGBP. The present invention also relates to biological sensors, e.g., glucose sensors, comprising these thermostable GGBPs. The present invention also relates to nucleic acids encoding these thermostable GGBPs.

Abstract: A hand-held test meter for use with an analytical test strip in the determination of an analyte in a bodily fluid sample includes a housing; a microcontroller block disposed in the housing; and a phase-shift-based hematocrit measurement block. The phase-shift-based hematocrit measurement block includes a signal generation sub-block, a low pass filter sub-block, an analytical test strip sample cell interface sub-block, a transimpedance amplifier sub-block, and a phase detector sub-block. In addition, the phase-shift-based hematocrit measurement block and microcontroller block are configured to measure the phase shift of a bodily fluid sample in a sample cell of an analytical test strip inserted in the hand-held test meter and the microcontroller block is configured to compute the hematocrit of the bodily fluid sample based on the measured phase shift.

Abstract: A reagent composition for a biosensor sensor strip is disclosed that provides for rapid rehydration after drying. The composition includes porous particles and is preferably formed as a colloidal suspension. The dried reagent composition including porous particles may provide analytically useful output from the sensor strip in a shorter time period than observed from dried reagent compositions using solid particles. The output signal from the porous particle compositions may be correlated to the analyte concentration of a sample within about two seconds. In this manner, an accurate concentration determination of an analyte concentration in a sample may be obtained in less time than from sensor strips including conventional compositions. The reagent composition including the porous particles also may allow for the redox reaction between the reagents and the analyte to reach a maximum kinetic performance in a shorter time period than observed from conventional sensor strips.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood including the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The fibrin lysis reagent is preferably composed of plasminogen and streptokinase frozen in coincident relation until the fibrin lysis reagent is needed whereby streptokinase enzymatically reacts with plasminogen to form plasmin upon thawing. The plasminogen is suspended in an aqueous salt solution prior to freezing including NaCl and Na3PO4.

Abstract: The invention provides an assay method for determining a level of haptoglobin in a sample comprising the steps of: (i) mixing haemoglobin with the sample to be assayed so as to form a haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex with haptoglobin present in the sample; (ii) contacting the product of step (i) with reagents for generating hydrogen peroxide and one or more chromogens which undergo a spectroscopically detectable change when peroxidase activity is present, in the presence of a buffer, under conditions in which hydrogen peroxide is generated from said reagents and forms a substrate for the peroxidise activity of the haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex present, and wherein the pH of the buffer is within a range which is sufficiently low that the peroxidise activity of any uncomplexed haemoglobin is substantially suppressed but sufficiently high that hydrogen peroxide generation occurs; (iii) determining the peroxidase activity of the haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex by measuring the change in an optical property of th

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide amperometric analyte sensors having optimized elements such as electrodes formed from sputtered platinum compositions as well as layers of material selected to optimize the characteristics of a wide variety of sensor elements and sensors. While embodiments of the innovation can be used in a variety of contexts, typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.

Abstract: Methods of determining a corrected analyte concentration in view of some error source are provided herein. The methods can be utilized for the determination of various analytes and/or various sources of error. In one example, the method can be configured to determine a corrected glucose concentration in view of an extreme level of hematocrit found within the sample. In other embodiments, methods are provided for identifying various system errors and/or defects. For example, such errors can include partial-fill or double-fill situations, high track resistance, and/or sample leakage. Systems are also provided for determining a corrected analyte concentration and/or detecting some system error.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for performing a discrete glucose testing and bolus dosage determination including a glucose meter with bolus calculation function are provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating or preventing type 2 diabetes by inhibiting expression or activity of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MOGAT1) are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods to identify such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions and methods of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The present invention also concerns materials and methods for removing aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from a sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biosensors, in particular to surface-enhanced Raman biosensors for detection of in vivo and ex vivo analytes. In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for the in vivo detection of analytes such as glucose.

Abstract: A method for surface modification of single walled carbon nanotubes is described. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a detergent solution, adding a plurality of single walled carbon nanotubes into the detergent solution, performing a first sonication to disperse the single walled carbon nanotubes in the detergent solution, and performing a second sonication after the first sonication to make detergent encased single walled carbon nanotubes. At least one of the plurality of single walled carbon nanotubes is at least partially wrapped by one or more detergent molecules to make it a detergent encased single walled carbon nanotube. In one embodiment, the detergent comprises SDS, PSS or a combination of them. The surface modified carbon nanotubes can be used to detect a chemical compound by associating a solution of the surface modified nanotubes with the chemical compound and optically detecting a chemical property change of the solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions and methods of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The present invention also concerns materials and methods for removing aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from a sample.

Abstract: Embodiments according to the present invention relate to sacrificial polymer compositions that include polycarbonate polymers having repeat units derived from stereospecific polycyclic 2,3-diol monomers. The sacrificial polymer compositions also include an acid generator that is selected from at least one photoacid generator and/or at least one thermal acid generator. In addition, embodiments according to the present invention relate to a method of forming a structure that includes a three-dimensional space interposed between a substrate and an overcoat layer, and a method of temporarily bonding first and second substrates together, which make use of the polycarbonate polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring a component to be measured in a sample, comprising converting the component to be measured in the sample into hydrogen peroxide and measuring the formed hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an ?-keto acid using an oxidative-coloring chromogen. The present invention also provides a method for suppressing the influence of a peroxide on a method of converting a component to be measured in a sample into hydrogen peroxide and measuring the formed hydrogen peroxide using an oxidative-coloring chromogen, the suppression method comprising using an ?-keto acid. The measuring method and the suppression method of the present invention using an ?-keto acid suppress the influence of a peroxide to give an accurate measurement of the component to be measured in the sample.

Abstract: A biosensor system determines analyte concentration from an output signal generated by an oxidation/reduction reaction of the analyte. The biosensor system adjusts a correlation for determining analyte concentrations from output signals at one temperature to determining analyte concentrations from output signals at other temperatures. The temperature-adjusted correlation between analyte concentrations and output signals at a reference temperature may be used to determine analyte concentrations from output signals at a sample temperature.

Abstract: A method for detecting a cancer cell, including: contacting in vitro a peripheral blood-containing sample including test cells and a labeling substance; allowing the test cells to incorporate the labeling substance to label the test cells; and detecting, as a cancer cell, a cell showing a higher degree of labeling with the labeling substance than that shown by a normal cell in the peripheral blood-containing sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the heat stability of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). The invention provides a method for preparing a glucose sensor with soluble flavin-bound GDH by providing a composition comprising soluble flavin-bound GDH at an acidic pH and heat drying the composition onto a glucose sensor.

Abstract: Some embodiments provided herein relate to bioluminescent packaging, methods of making, and methods of sensing the state of a material, in some embodiments, light emitted by a bioluminescent organism can be used to sense the state of a material.

Abstract: The invention provides enzymatic methods for direct determination of percentage of glycated hemoglobin in blood samples without the need of a separated measurement of total hemoglobin content in blood samples. The methods utilizes one or two different types of oxidizing agents which selectively oxidize low-molecular weight reducing substances and high-molecular weight (mainly hemoglobin) reducing substances in blood samples, coupled with enzymatic reactions catalyzed by proteases, fructosyl amino acid oxidase. The amount of hydrogen peroxide generated in the reaction is measured for determination of percentage of glycated hemoglobin in blood samples. The invention provides kits for performing the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Technologies for increasing sample throughput by predicting the end point response time of a sensor for the analysis of an analyte in a sample are disclosed. In one aspect, a system includes a sensor that generates data signals associated with the measurement of an analyte within the sample. A processor records appropriate data points corresponding to the signals, converts them to a logarithmic function of time scale, and plots the converted data points. The processor then determines a curve that fits the plotted data points and determines a curve fitting equation for the curve. Once the equation is determined, the processor extrapolates an end point response of the sensor using the equation. A value, such as analyte concentration, is then calculated using the extrapolated end point response.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for determining the disease state in a patient using combined mean glucose measurements and 1,5-anhydroglucitol to identify individuals at risk for developing diabetes. The ratio of mean glucose measurements to 1,5-anhydroglucitol correlates significantly better to maximal levels of postmeal glucose levels and related measurements, than mean glucose measurements or 1,5-anhydroglucitol correlate independently.

Abstract: Biomarkers relating to insulin resistance are provided, as well as methods for using such biomarkers as biomarkers for insulin resistance. These biomarkers may be used to monitor the progression or regression of insulin resistance or to monitor the efficacy of insulin resistance treatment. Also provided are suites of small molecule entities as biomarkers for insulin resistance.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for detection of microbial contaminants in peritoneal dialysis solutions are provided. The methods and compositions employ modified bioburden testing and the detection of peptidoglycan. A novel cause of aseptic peritonitis is provided—aseptic peritonitis associated with gram positive microbial contamination of a dialysis solution. Peptidoglycan is a major component of a gram positive bacterial cell wall and thus can serve as a marker for gram positive bacteria. In this regard, testing for peptidoglycans can be utilized to effectively prevent peritonitis in patients that use the peritoneal dialysis solutions, such as peritoneal dialysis solutions that contain a glucose polymer including an icodextrin and the like.

Abstract: Provided herein is a stabilized oxygen transport matrix that includes a reversible oxygen binding protein, such as hemoglobin, immobilized throughout the stabilized oxygen transport matrix. The stabilized oxygen transport matrix is used to transport oxygen and can be used as an oxygen transport region and a reaction region of an analyte sensor, such as an implantable glucose sensor. The reversible binding protein can also function as an oxygen probe within the analyte sensor.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining various properties of cells are provided herein. In one aspect, the method includes measuring one or more variables based on physical and/or chemical characteristics of a cell or its environment. The method further includes calculating one or more quantifiable metrics based on a mathematical expression including one or more of the variables, where those metrics correlate with at least one of the growth characteristics of the cell, the motility characteristics of the cell, the oncogenic potential of the cell, or the metastatic potential of the cell. Various aspects of systems and devices for determining various properties of cells are also provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of polynucleotides and polypeptides involved in insulin and adiponectin signaling and regulation of glucose production. The invention further relates to the use of the identified polynucleotides and polypeptides, and inhibitors of the polynucleotides and polypeptides, in the regulation of glucose production and the monitoring and treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

Abstract: The invention proposes a medical system which comprises a central control unit which is set up to display at least one diagnostic measured value using a display element. The medical system also comprises at least one invasive unit, wherein the invasive unit has at least one invasive consumable. The invasive consumable is set up to invasively intervene in a tissue of a patient. The invasive unit has at least one contactlessly readable electronic identifier for storing at least one piece of information. The central control unit is set up to electronically read the at least one piece of information in the electronic identifier. The central control unit and the invasive unit are functionally independent of one another such that the respective function of the central control unit and of the invasive unit can be performed independently of the presence of the respective other unit.

Abstract: Described and illustrated herein are systems and exemplary methods of operating an analyte measurement system having a meter and a test strip. The methods and systems describe herein allow for trapping various errors during calculation of the analyte due to variations in the structure and materials making up the test strip and ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A method of determining concentrations of a plurality of analytes from a single blood sample placed in a single opening. A portion of the single blood sample is absorbed by a test matrix that includes a plurality of layers and a chromogenic agent. A colored response is generated by the test matrix. The colored response is proportional to the concentration of a first analyte. A portion of the single blood sample is drawn into a capillary tube and placed in contact with an electrode and a counter-electrode. An electrical property of the single blood sample is analyzed through the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrical property is proportional to the concentration of a second analyte in the single blood sample.

Abstract: A fluorescent enzymatic substrate including a backbone saccharide nature having at least one saccharide unit. The saccharide unit includes a fluorophore F1 and an inhibitor I1 of the fluorescence of F1. The fluorophore F1 and the inhibitor I1, either directly or by the spacer arms B1 and B2, respectively, when at least one B1 and B2 is present, are grafted on the same saccharide unit of the backbone saccharide. One of th groups is F1 and I1 grafted in the anomeric position 1 of the saccharide unit.

Abstract: Ratios of measured values of glucose, citrate, and cis-aconitate in a biological sample obtained from a subject to measured values of glucose, citrate, and cis-aconitate in a biological sample obtained from a healthy subject are calculated, and the glucose ratio, the citrate ratio, and the cis-aconitate ratio are used to evaluate and/or assess fatigue. Similarly, an isocitrate ratio, a succinate ratio, a malate ratio, and a lactate ratio are calculated, and these ratios are used together with the three ratios to evaluate and/or assess fatigue. This makes it possible to objectively and easily diagnose and evaluate fatigue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a screening system for modulators of GPCRs. Further it relates to recombinant vector systems for the heterologous expression of heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in eukaryotic host cells. Preferably the functional expression of engineered GPCRs for the perception of sweet and L-amino acid taste or more preferably the use of these receptors for the identification of functional ligands is also encompassed.

Abstract: Provided herein are high throughput methods for converting starch-containing plant material to ethanol, wherein the conversion process is performed at a small scale. This high-throughput screening platform permits the evaluation of the ethanol obtained from starch-containing plant material in a rapid and efficient manner. The methods include obtaining a plurality of samples of starch-containing plant material and drying the samples to achieve a desired moisture level. The dried samples are liquefied under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze the starch-containing plant material to soluble dextrinized substrates. The liquefied samples are fermented in small volume headspace vials for a period of less than about 96 hours, and fermentation is terminated by pasteurization. Ethanol production is evaluated using headspace gas chromatography.

Abstract: The invention provides a flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase exhibiting reduced fluctuation of activity depending on temperature environment, and a method for measuring glucose concentration using the flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase. The flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase has the following properties (1) to (3): (1) activity: which exhibits glucose dehydrogenase activity in the presence of an electron acceptor; (2) substrate specificity: which exhibits an activity of 10% or less against maltose, D-galactose, D-fructose, sorbitol, lactose and sucrose when the activity against D-glucose is defined as 100%; and (3) temperature characteristics: which exhibits lower fluctuation of activity in a wide temperature range of 10 to 50° C.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed for use in the conduct of a non-invasive analysis of a bodily fluid to determine the presence and level of a certain constituent carried by the bodily fluid, which analysis utilizes an indicator formulation that changes color in response to exposure to the constituent to provide a visible indication of the presence and level of the constituent carried by the bodily fluid. A stabilizing formulation is carried in a vessel for mixing with a sample of the bodily fluid to be analyzed. The stabilizing formulation includes a first component for promoting formation of a film, a second component for adjusting the pH of the sample and inhibiting microbial digestion of the certain constituent carried by the bodily fluid, and a third component for reducing interference of ascorbic acid present in the bodily fluid. Where the certain constituent is glucose, the stabilizing formulation includes a microbial digestion inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention describes compositions having aqueous corn flour and saccharification enzyme mixtures. In this composition all of the corn flour has particle size of 0.5 mm or less.