Abstract: A method of making a spheroid is provided that includes the step of providing a suspension having one or more biologically-relevant materials dispersed within a biocompatible medium. An amount of a hydrophilic material is deposited on a defined area of a super-hydrophobic surface, and a droplet of the suspension is bioprinted onto the hydrophilic material positioned on the super-hydrophobic to thereby create the spheroid.

Abstract: A method includes enriching biomolecules and removal of the biomolecules from a biological sample. In the presence of particles, an alginate solution and salts of divalent and/or polyvalent cations or an acid are added to a biological sample, and an alginate-gel-biomolecule-complex is formed on the particles. The complex is removed from the sample by separation of the particles, and from which subsequently the biomolecules or ingredients of the biomolecules are released. The biomolecules, which shall be enriched, include cell-free nucleic acids, viruses or subcellular microparticles.

Abstract: Provided herein are scaffolds and methods useful to promote the formation of functional clusters on a tissue, for example, motor endplates (MEPs) or a component thereof on skeletal muscle cells or tissue, as well as the use of scaffolds so produced for repairing a tissue injury or defect.

Abstract: An arginine deiminase mutant with improved enzyme activity and temperature stability and application thereof were provided, belonging to the technical field of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering. The arginine deiminase mutant is proline, namely Gly292 Pro, mutated from glycine near an enzyme active center. A wild-type arginine deiminase arcA coding gene is molecularly modified by a site-directed mutation technique to obtain a mutant enzyme ADIG292P, which has glycine at position 292 of an amino acid sequence of the wild type arginine deiminase mutated to proline. The arginine deiminase, modified by site-directed mutation, of the present invention has 1.5 times of increase in enzyme activity and 5.43 times of increase in half-life period at 40° C.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a commensal gut production platform for ex vivo production of human gut commensal microbiota. Another embodiment provides devices, systems and methods for ex vivo culturing of gut microflora in a system that mimics the human gut environment. The culturing of the commensal microbiota in the disclosed systems produces gut microbiota having defined characteristics and properties that can be exploited to treat various conditions in a subject.

Abstract: Spherical, magnetizable polyvinyl alcohol microparticles, methods for their production, and use thereof are provided in the invention. The microparticles are especially useful for diagnostic purposes. The method enables the production of microparticles having a particle size distribution in the range of 0.5 to 3 ?m, and includes the following steps, dispersing a nanoparticulate, magnetizable material in an aqueous phase which contains polyvinyl alcohol in dissolved form, adding the aqueous phase to an organic phase, immiscible with said aqueous phase and containing at least one emulsifier, producing an emulsion by stirring at a temperature of 25° C. or higher, and adding at least one water-soluble crosslinking agent while stirring is continued.

Abstract: A biofuel cell comprising an anode and cathode wherein biocatalytic enzymes are purposefully oriented at each side of the fuel cell so as to increase and/or optimize the enzymes' performance in catalysis and/or electron transfer.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer, in particular polysialic acid (PSA) or a modified PSA (mPSA), is conjugated to an oxidized carbohydrate moiety of a glycoprotein other than a blood coagulation protein or to a ganglioside or drug delivery system by contacting the oxidized carbohydrate moiety with the water soluble polymer, wherein said water soluble polymer contains an aminooxy group and an oxime linkage is formed between the oxidized carbohydrate moiety and the aminooxy group on the water soluble polymer or wherein said water soluble polymer contains a hydrazide group and a hydrazone linkage is formed between the oxidized carbohydrate moiety and the hydrazide group on the water soluble polymer. Conjugates of aminooxy- or hydrazide-water soluble polymer, such as PSA and mPSA, are thus obtained in which the PSA or mPSA is attached via a carbohydrate moiety.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol modified human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), preparations thereof, compositions thereof, and methods of preparation and use thereof are described.

Abstract: Wiring comprises a multilayer graphene including graphene sheets, an interlayer substance disposed between layers of the multilayer graphene, and an organic compound layer connected to a side surface of the multilayer graphene. The organic compound layer contains a photoisomerizable organic group connected to the multilayer graphene.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for surface-modifying a rubber vulcanizate or a thermoplastic elastomer, which is capable of cost-effectively imparting a variety of functions, such as sliding properties and biocompatibility, according to the applications. The present invention relates to a surface modification method for surface-modifying an object of a rubber vulcanizate or a thermoplastic elastomer, the method including: step 1 of forming polymerization initiation points A on a surface of the object; step 2 of radically polymerizing a non-functional monomer, starting from the polymerization initiation points A, to grow non-functional polymer chains; step 3 of forming polymerization initiation points B on the surface of the object where the non-functional polymer chains are formed; and step 4 of radically polymerizing a functional monomer, starting from the polymerization initiation points B, to grow functional polymer chains.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to immobilized biologically active entities that retain significant biological activity following mechanical manipulation of a substrate material to which the entities are immobilized.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to immobilized biologically active entities that retain significant biological activity following mechanical manipulation of a substrate material to which the entities are immobilized.

Abstract: Reductive amination of peptide-derived aldehydes with anilines or heteroarylamines containing a property-modifying group provides new, hydrolytically stable protein conjugates, suitable for therapy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite of enzyme and fiber matrix with three-dimensional structure. The composite of enzyme and fiber matrix with three-dimensional structure includes a significantly large amount of an enzyme loaded in and immobilized in/onto a matrix when compared to conventional composites. In addition, the immobilized enzyme is prevented from leaching from the matrix when an external impact is applied to the composite of enzyme and fiber matrix with three-dimensional structure. Therefore, the stability of the composite of enzyme and fiber matrix with three-dimensional structure of the present invention is maintained even after a long period passes since a remarkably great amount of enzymes compared with a known composite can be supported and immobilized to a matrix, and the immobilized enzyme is not easily released by an external impact.

Abstract: Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chemical entities based on sugar alcohols. These new chemical entities are biocompatible and biodegradable. The molecules can be made in a single and pure form. The molecular weights of these molecules range from small (<1000 Da) to large (1000-120,000 Da). The sugar alcohol-based molecules can have functional groups throughout the molecule for crosslinking compounds, such as the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates, or to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic proteins, peptides, siRNA, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Also provided are new conjugate entities prepared through sugar alcohol molecules. Methods of synthesizing sugar alcohol-based molecules and conjugates are also within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Temporary active coatings that are stabilized against inactivation by weathering are provided including a base associated with a chemically modified enzyme, and, optionally a first polyoxyethylene present in the base and independent of the enzyme. The coatings are optionally overlayered onto a substrate to form an active coating facilitating the removal of organic stains or organic material from food, insects, or the environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) displaying catalytic enzymes bound to the nanotube sidewalls and devices, such as electrodes, incorporating these catalytic enzyme-bound CNTs (cebCNTs).

Abstract: Dual-functional nonfouling surfaces and materials, methods for making dual-functional nonfouling surfaces and materials, and devices that include dual-functional nonfouling surfaces and materials. The dual-functional surfaces are nonfouling surfaces that resist non-specific protein adsorption and cell adhesion. The dual-functional surfaces and materials include covalently coupled biomolecules (e.g., target binding partners) that impart specific biological activity thereto. The surfaces and materials are useful in medical diagnostics, biomaterials and bioprocessing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.

Abstract: There is disclosed an analytical method and a sensor suitable for carrying out the method. More specifically, there is disclosed a method for preparing a mass sensitive chemical sensor capable of detecting binding analyte species to a surface comprising cells.

Abstract: A substrate or coating is provided that includes a protease with enzymatic activity toward a component of a biological stain. Also provided is a process for facilitating the removal of a biological stain is provided wherein an inventive substrate or coating including a protease is capable of enzymatically degrading of one or more components of the biological stain to facilitate biological stain removal from the substrate or said coating.

Abstract: An affinity ligand-matrix conjugate of the structure Z-Spacer-[NX-A]m-NY-A-NK2 is useful for the isolation, separation, purification, characterization, identification or quantification of endotoxins in an aqueous system, wherein m is an integer of at least one; each A independently represents an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; each X independently represents hydrogen or alkyl; Y is X or A-NX2; and Z is a support matrix attached to the ligand through an optional spacer arm (Spacer).

Abstract: Separation media comprising a support and crosslinked whole cells fixed to the support. The separation media are useful in affinity columns for the separation of the antibodies from a solution, particularly for the separation of polyclonal antibodies that have been raised against the same type of whole cells. In an embodiment, the whole cells are whole bacterial cells.

Abstract: An osteochondral plug includes a first scaffold and a second scaffold. The first scaffold may be a solid scaffold containing one or more pendant reactive functional groups. The second scaffold capable of reacting with the one or more pendant reactive functional groups of the first scaffold.

Abstract: There is provided a method for covalent immobilization of at least one molecule comprising at least one amino group, said method comprising the sequential steps of: a) providing a surface comprising —SH groups, b) oxidizing the surface comprising —SH groups using redox reactions in the presence of noble metal ions, and c) contacting the surface with at least one molecule comprising at least one amino group to obtain a covalent binding of the at least one molecule to the surface, wherein said at least one amino group is involved in obtaining said covalent bond. The immobilized molecules are immobilized via stable covalent bonds. The method is more versatile since it can be performed as a one step method. All reaction steps are performed in aqueous solution. All steps can be performed at room temperature. The chemicals used are less expensive and less toxic compared to the prior art.

Abstract: Crosslinking reagents and methods for using the same for analysis of protein-protein interactions, are provided. The crosslinking reagents include a trifunctional scaffold that links two protein linking groups to each other and branches to link an affinity tag, where the protein linking groups can be fragmented from the scaffold. The distance between the two protein linking groups can be selected to crosslink two proteins of a protein complex via accessible amino acid residues. Also provided are crosslinked polypeptide compounds and kits that include crosslinking reagents. These reagents and methods find use in a variety of applications in which crosslinking of proteins in desired.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) displaying catalytic enzymes bound to the nanotube sidewalls and devices, such as electrodes, incorporating these catalytic enzyme-bound CNTs (cebCNTs).

Abstract: Cell attachment coatings for articles such as implantable medical devices and cell culture vessels are disclosed. The coatings include an intermediate coater layer which includes a phosphorous-containing component that is bonded in the coating by reacted photoreactive functional groups. The coating also include a second coated layer including an immobilized ECM protein or peptide that includes an active portion of an ECM protein that is able to serve as an outer layer to contact cells during use. The coatings promoted enhanced cell binding and growth.

Abstract: A method and a composition for delivery of a biomaterial to an animal cell or a tissue, the composition includes (a) a biomaterial; (b) a biodegradable cross-linker portion having a hydrolyzable bond, wherein the biodegradable cross-linker portion is covalently bound to the biomaterial; and (c) a substrate, wherein the substrate is covalently bound to the biodegradable cross-linker portion, provided that the biodegradable cross-linker is adapted to hydrolyze by breaking the hydrolyzable bond and thereby release and deliver the biomaterial. A process of making the composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method that modifies surface properties of a substrate by manipulating the immobilized biomolecules in mild biological condition. The manipulation comprised steps of: providing a biomolecule combined with at least one ssDNA combined with a first protein through an affinity binding tag; adding a second ssDNA conjugated with a second protein with a concentration greater than that of the first protein; and replacing the first protein on the ssDNA with the second protein through chemical competitive principle. The invention may comprise the steps with proper design of biotinylated DNA probes, the functionalized ssDNA nanotemplates can be recovered to its unbound state through a thermodynamic principle.

Abstract: Multi-armed, monofunctional, and hydrolytically stable polymers are described having the structure wherein Z is a moiety that can be activated for attachment to biologically active molecules such as proteins and wherein P and Q represent linkage fragments that join polymer arms polya and polyb, respectively, to central carbon atom, C, by hydrolytically stable linkages in the absence of aromatic rings in the linkage fragments. R typically is hydrogen or methyl, but can be a linkage fragment that includes another polymer arm. A specific example is an mPEG disubstituted lysine having the structure where mPEGa and mPEGb have the structure CH3O—(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2— where n may be the same or different for polya- and polyb- and can be from 1 to about 1,150 to provide molecular weights of from about 100 to 100,000.

Abstract: A process for producing a substrate having an adhesive surface, which process comprises: (a) contacting the substrate with a carbene precursor, which carbene precursor is a compound of the following formula (1): whose substituent groups are defined herein, provided that when R is aryl or heteroaryl, said aryl or heteroaryl may be substituted by one, two, three, four or five groups, which groups are independently selected from various groups including -LB-WB; and (b) either: (i) when WA or WB comprises an adhesive functional group, generating a carbene reactive intermediate from the carbene precursor so that it reacts with the substrate to functionalise the surface, thereby yielding said substrate having an adhesive surface; or (ii) when WA or WB comprises a group which is a precursor of an adhesive functional group, generating a carbene reactive intermediate from the carbene precursor so that it reacts with the substrate to functionalise the surface, and (c) converting said group which is a precursor into an

Abstract: A composition of enzyme, polymer, and crosslinker forms a network of covalently bound macromolecules. The covalently immobilized enzyme preparation has enzymatic activity, and retains stable activity when dried and stored at ambient conditions. Methods for preparing an immobilized enzyme and methods for using the enzyme are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for in situ formation of a medical device on biological tissue includes attaching a plurality of reactive members of a primary specific binding pair to a surface of the biological tissue, and providing a plurality of fibers having attached thereto a plurality of complementary reactive members of the primary specific binding pair, wherein upon contact of the reactive members on the surface of the biological tissue with the complimentary reactive members on the fibers, covalent bonds are formed between the reactive members and the complementary reactive members, thus adhering the fibers to the tissue. The fibers can incorporate functionalities which may cause them to bind to one another.

Abstract: A substrate having compounds disposed thereon for immobilizing a functional molecule, each compound having a chain including: a moiety R that is chemically coupled to the substrate, the moiety R being selected from the group consisting of an ether, ester, carbonyl, carbonate ester, thioether, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and carbonothioyl; and an epoxide-containing moiety that is coupled to the moiety R by a linker including at least one nucleophilic group.

Abstract: Sorption reinforced catalytic coating system for the degradation of threat agents including a synzyme coating about a material configured for the degradation of the threat agents, the synzyme coating including bucket-shaped molecules configured for the sorption of the threat agents A binding agent is configured for synzyme immobilization to maximize loading and retention of the synzyme coating on the material.

Abstract: Sorption reinforced catalytic coating system for the degradation of threat agents including a synzyme coating about a material, the synzyme coating having bucket-shaped molecules for the sorption and degradation of the threat agents. A binding agent is configured for synzyme immobilization to maximize loading and retention of the synzyme coating on the material.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide functionalized nanoparticles and methods of use thereof. Certain embodiments provide nanoparticles functionalized with streptokinase. Certain embodiments of the present invention provide methods for treating a pathological fibrin associated disorder (e.g., cancer) in an animal.

Abstract: A heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) is provided having a hydrolytically degradable linkage, a first terminus comprising an acrylate group, and a second terminus comprising a target such as a protein or pharmaceutical agent or a reactive moiety capable of coupling to a target. Hydrogels can be prepared. The hydrogels can be used as a carrier for a protein or a pharmaceutical agent that can be readily released in a controlled fashion.

Abstract: Supramolecular assemblies for delivering active agents to cancerous or precancerous tissues in a subject are provided. These supramolecular assemblies are also useful in assays for detecting and imaging of cancerous and precancerous cells. The assemblies are protease-sensitive and comprise a peptide linkage containing a protease consensus sequence. The assemblies can be selectively targeted to cancerous tissue where the protease enzymes degrade the peptide linkage thereby releasing the active agents which were physically or mechanically contained in or retained by the supramolecular assembly.

Abstract: An emulsion-derived particle comprises a lattice of polymeric strands cross-linked by means of a cross-linking agent, and interstitial openings adjacent and around the strands. Functional groups are provided on the lattice and proteins and/or modified proteins can react with these, thereby to be bonded to the lattice and hence immobilised.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to branched reactive water-soluble polymers comprising at least two polymer arms, such as poly(ethylene glycol), attached to a central aliphatic hydrocarbon core molecule through ether linkages. The branched polymers bear at least one functional group for reacting with a biologically active agent to form a biologically active conjugate. The functional group of the branched polymer can be directly attached to the aliphatic hydrocarbon core or via an intervening linkage, such as a heteroatom, -alkylene-, —O-alkylene-O—, -alkylene-O-alkylene-, -aryl-O—, —O-aryl-, (—O-alkylene-)m, or (-alkylene-O—)m linkage, wherein m is 1-10.

Abstract: A substrate having compounds disposed thereon for immobilizing a functional molecule, each compound having a chain comprising: a moiety R that is chemically coupled to the substrate, said moiety R being selected from the group consisting of an ether, ester, carbonyl, carbonate ester, thioether, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and carbonothioyl; and an epoxide-containing moiety that is coupled to the moiety R by a linker comprising at least one nucleophilic group. Methods of preparing the substrate and use of the substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns compounds which are useful as inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of PKC. This disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.

Abstract: A substrate having compounds disposed thereon for immobilizing a functional molecule, each compound having a chain comprising: a moiety R that is chemically coupled to the substrate, said moiety R being selected from the group consisting of an ether, ester, carbonyl, carbonate ester, thioether, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and carbonothioyl; and an epoxide-containing moiety that is coupled to the moiety R by a linker comprising at least one nucleophilic group. Methods of preparing the substrate and use of the substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Segmented water soluble polymers, containing a higher molecular weight segment linked to a lower molecular weight segment, are described. In one embodiment, the polymer segments are poly(ethylene glycol) segments. The segmented polymers are functionalized and are useful for conjugation to various moieties such as pharmacologically active substances. Also described are conjugates of such polymers and methods of their preparation.

Abstract: Multi-armed, monofunctional, and hydrolytically stable polymers are described having the structure wherein Z is a moiety that can be activated for attachment to biologically active molecules such as proteins and wherein P and Q represent linkage fragments that join polymer arms polya and polyb, respectively, to central carbon atom, C, by hydrolytically stable linkages in the absence of aromatic rings in the linkage fragments. R typically is hydrogen or methyl, but can be a linkage fragment that includes another polymer arm. A specific example is an mPEG disubstituted lysine having the structure where mPEGa and mPEGb have the structure CH3O—(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2— wherein n may be the same or different for polya- and polyb- and can be from 1 to about 1,150 to provide molecular weights of from about 100 to 100,000.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to branched reactive water-soluble polymers comprising at least two polymer arms, such as poly(ethylene glycol), attached to a central aliphatic hydrocarbon core molecule through ether linkages. The branched polymers bear at least one functional group for reacting with a biologically active agent to form a biologically active conjugate. The functional group of the branched polymer can be directly attached to the aliphatic hydrocarbon core or via an intervening linkage, such as a heteroatom, -alkylene-, —O-alkylene-O—, -alkylene-O-alkylene-, -aryl-O—, —O-aryl-, (—O-alkylene-)m, or (-alkylene-O—)m linkage, wherein m is 1-10.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting specific target-cells in a simple and time saving way, using paramagnetic particles, antibodies recognizing the Fc portions of target-cell associating antibodies and target-cell associating antibodies directed to specific antigen determinants in the target-cell membranes. Incubation of the cell suspension with a mild detergent and/or second set of antibodies or antibody fragments, prelabeled or not with fluorescent agents, metallocolloids, radioisotopes, biotincomplexes or certain enzymes allowing visualization, with dramatically increase the specificity of the method. The method can further be used for isolation of the target-cells by magnetic field application and kit for performing the method according to the invention is described.