Abstract: A purified exosome product includes spherical or spheroid exosomes with a diameter no greater than 250 nm. In some embodiments, the purified exosome product has a moisture content of no more than 10%. The purified exosome product can be reconstituted to prepare an artificial blood product.

Abstract: Textile compositions comprising at least one filamentous fungus are disclosed, as are methods for making and using such textile compositions. Embodiments of the textile compositions generally include at least one of a plasticizer, a polymer, and a crosslinker, in addition to the filamentous fungus. The disclosed textile compositions are particularly useful as analogs or substitutes for conventional textile compositions, including but not limited to leather.

Abstract: A cultivation bag assembly for the cultivation of microbes, fungi and other organisms includes a bag having first and second walls joined along side edges to define a bag interior for containing a food substrate and an organism to be cultivated. At least one of the first and second walls is constructed of a layer of water-vapor permeable material to allow the passage of water vapor therethrough. A bag wall overlay layer formed from gas impermeable layer is releasably coupled to the bag. The overlay layer overlays the layer of water-vapor permeable material to prevent the passage of gases therethrough. The bag wall overlay layer has an opening with a gas filter patch covering the opening to allow the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases through the gas filter patch to and from ambient air to facilitate incubation of the organism within the interior of the bag.

Abstract: To provide a microorganism culture vessel that can control existence of invading foreign matters and put a large amount of sample therein, a microorganism test kit, a method for testing a dialysate, a method for culturing the microorganism, a method for testing the microorganism and a method for producing the microorganism culture vessel. The invention includes the microorganism culture vessel, including an inlet-equipped culture bag in which a sheet-like medium is put and sealed.

Abstract: An improved cryopreservation process and substances can involve a cellular collection (1) in a cryopreservation fluid (4) that has been conditioned or treated (7) to enhance the cryopreservation process by adding (18) energy (19) such as in the surface energy of a substance in the cryopreservation fluid (4) prior to reducing energy for that same cryopreservation media for freezing. This can offer enhanced-post-cryogenic viability of the cryopreserved structures or a more optimum cooling curve (22) for a specific cell type.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates the utility of carbonic acid amides such as urea or its derivatives, carbamates, carbodiimides & thiocarbamides as nitrogenous supplements in fermentation media for production of recombinant proteins to achieve enhanced bioconversion rates and peptides like insulin and insulin analogues, exendin and enzymes such as lipase using methanol inducible fungal expression systems such as Pichia.

Abstract: High-yield antibiotics producing strain, preparation method and use thereof are provided in the present invention. The high-yield strain is a mutagenized strain derived from Colephoma empetri, and deposited in CGMCC with the accession number of CGMCC 4129. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (a) mixing a seed liquid of Colephoma empetri of Accession No. FERM BP-2635 with nitrosoguanidine to obtain a mixture a; (b) mixing said mixture a with a wall-breaking enzyme to obtain protoplasts; (c) regenerating said protoplasts to obtain single colonies; and (d) culturing said single colonies to obtain said mutagenized strain. The obtained strain has stable genetic and producing property, produces little impurities in fermentation, and is suitable for industrialization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid mycorrhiza compositions and to methods for colonizing a plant, grass, tree or shrub with one or more mycorrhizas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the production of ?-carotene from submerged cultures of mucoral fungi such as Blakeslea, Choanephora or Phycomyces by adding lectin to the culture medium and performing pH control once fermentation has started. The method involves ?-carotene recovery stage that makes it possible to simplify the process, optimize yields and increase purification of the product.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing or promoting germination of bacterial spores, and yeasts are disclosed herein. The composition of the present invention comprises an extract obtained from banana or any member belonging to the genus Musa that may be used alone or in a growth medium to promote and enhance germination of bacterial spores, growth of bacterial, yeast, and fungal cell cultures.

Abstract: The present invention refers to articles for collecting samples from a surface, articles for microbiological analyses of said samples, and methods of use of said articles. The articles include sample collectors, sample housings with optional barrier layers, and sample-ready reagent strips comprising hydrophilic agents to grow and detect microorganisms. The disclosure includes methods to collect, detect, and quantify microorganisms in a surface sample.

Abstract: The invention describes the development of a new buffer system for cell culture media for establishing a CO2 regulation in the bioreactor with eukaryotic cells. This technology makes it possible to obtain CO2 regulation for process control, process optimization and scaling. In addition, the invention describes a specific cell culture medium with specific buffer substances.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods of treating wastewater are provided. In some aspects, a container may be provided and may include a first member, a second member spaced apart from the first member, and media supported by and extending between the first and second members. An organism may be introduced into the container and wastewater may be introduced into the container for treatment. The media may be loop cord media. In other aspects, two containers may be provided and wastewater may be initially introduced into a first container for treatment, removed from the first container, and subsequently introduced into the second container for further treatment. A first species of organism may be present in the first container and a second species of organism may be present in the second container. Methods of using these containers are also provided.

Abstract: The application provides a method of reducing the DNA content of a protein preparation or a culture broth from a filamentous fungal host cell using an endogenous filamentous fungal host DNase activity.

Abstract: A method for preparing a Ceriporia lacerata mycelium culture extract and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetes and diabetic complications, contains a Ceriporia lacerata mycelium culture extract prepared by the above method. The Ceriporia lacerata mycelium culture extract prepared according to the preparation method of the invention has a higher content of exopolysaccharide than the extract prepared by the method described in the prior art document of the present inventors, and thus it can be used as the active material of pharmaceutical compositions and functional foods against diabetic diseases.

Abstract: The process for the production of a chlamydospore rich slurry inoculum begins with a substrate colonized with a desired Basidiomycete fungus capable of producing chlamydospores during vegetative growth. The colonized substrate is treated to increase the chlamydospore production and content in said spawn and thereafter combined with water at rate of at least 1:6 spawn:water to obtain a slurry inoculum. The inoculum may then be agitated to populate a water fraction with chlamydospores or macerated to homogenously distribute the chlamydospores.

Abstract: A process for the production of granules or pellets containing filamentous fungi is described comprising the steps of selecting and growing filamentous fungi in a suitable culture medium for a predetermined amount of time, adding a gelling agent and at least one carrier to said culture medium, so as to obtain a mixture, subjecting said mixture to gelling through contact, drop by drop, with a solution containing a calcium salt thus obtaining gelled pellets or granules containing said filamentous fungi and drying said gelled pellets or granules to a moisture content of 13-18%.

Abstract: A solid medium of Antrodia cinnamomea comprises 20 to 50 wt % soybean; 30 to 50 wt % coixseed; and 20 to 50 wt % sorghum. A culturing method of Antrodia cinnamomea, comprises providing a solid medium comprising soybean, coixseed and sorghum; preparing a solution of Antrodia cinnamomea, inoculating the solution of Antrodia cinnamomea on the solid medium in a concentration of 1×103 to 1×106 cfu on per 100 g of solid medium, and statically culturing the solution of Antrodia cinnamomea on the solid medium till obtaining hyphae adhered on the solid medium; and culturing the solution of Antrodia cinnamomea by intermittent shaking in a frequency of every 5 to 7 days shaking 5 to 10 minutes, with a period of the culturing by intermittent shaking being more than 40 days.

Abstract: Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.

Abstract: Invention relates to biotechnology, food industry and concerns to microbial consortia and microbial and yeast strains, as well as to methods for producing by integrated technological cycle with the use of consortia and microbial and yeast strains from the fermented base, which is a semi-product of bread kvass, fermented kvass, nonalcoholic kvass, as well as to methods for producing tea fungus culture fluid, tea-fungus concentrates, kombucha beverages, and vegetable extracts in a single technology process.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing the following tissue characteristics via environmental and chemical manipulation of the vegetative and fruiting phases of the Basidiomycete fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus: 1) Aerial vegetative mycelium pigmented with cinnabarinic acid; 2) Aerial vegetative mycelium without pigmentation; 3) A resupinate fruiting body pore surface pigmented with cinnabarinic acid; and 4) Thickened masses of vegetative aerial mycelium.

Abstract: A method for selecting a transformed yeast cell having integrated a nucleic acid fragment of interest by homologous recombination, cassettes and kits for carrying out the method are described.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to methods for improved production of proteins from a cell culture, particularly to culture components and conditions that can preferentially increase the expression of proteins produced from genes under the control of xylanase gene promoter sequences. The improved methods can be used for the production of enzyme compositions with enhanced xylanase and hem icellulolytic activity.

Abstract: A composite marine bacterial liquid for the synergic degradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) and the preparation method thereof. The composite marine bacterial liquid is generated by mixing the fermented culture liquid of a stain of Cycloclasticus sp. PY97M and a stain of Marinobacter sp. D15-8W, the cell concentration of each is 107-109 CFU/mL. The preparation method includes: inoculating the seed liquid of Cycloclasticus strains and Marinobacter strains individually into the sodium acetate medium or M8 medium, fermenting under the condition of defoaming by flowing addition of defoamer, and mixing the fermented cultures to obtain the composite marine bacterial liquid, then preparing a 5-fold concentrated liquid by centrifuging and storing at 4° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to frozen and freeze dried starter culture compositions comprising microorganisms. The invention also relates to methods of producing the frozen and freeze dried starter culture compositions and methods of using them.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing variants of Tre; novel Tre variants; and a method for introducing Tre in sufficient concentration into the intracellular environment suitable to store treated mammalian cells, treat an aggregation disease, and protect treated cells from oxygen radicals are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing a fungal leachate solution comprises the steps of obtaining a feedstock of lignocellulosic substrate; colonizing the substrate with a selected fungus; and adding water to the colonized substrate to form a liquid medium containing at least one of sugar alcohol, a phenolic compound and a fatty acid. A leachate from the liquid medium can be used as a liquid culture medium to culture fungi.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism which is novel at the elemental composition level, and to provide a technique for providing such a microorganism. The present inventor has succeeded in causing a microorganism to efficiently contain a non-essential element by decreasing the content of an essential nutrient source for the microorganism, a C source, an N source, a P source, or an S source, and by adding an X compound containing the non-essential element as a constitutive element in a manner to make up for the decreased amount, and then culturing the microorganism.

Abstract: A culture method of a fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata is provided, which includes: (a) fermenting a culture medium containing yeast at 5-35° C. for 3-30 days; (b) adding wood flour to the fermented culture medium with stirring; (c) placing the wood flour and the culture medium into a vessel; (d) sterilizing the vessel containing the wood flour and the culture medium; (e) inoculating Antrodia camphorata strains into the sterilized vessel containing the wood flour and the culture medium, and culturing at 5-35° C., to form mycelia; (f) inoculating the wood flour containing Antrodia camphorata mycelia into a wood segment; (g) placing the wood segment inoculated with Antrodia camphorata mycelia in an environment where the temperature is 5-35° C. and the humidity is 65-85%, and culturing for a period of time; and (h) removing the wood flour remained on the wood segment, then placing the wood segment in an environment where the temperature is 15-35° C.

Abstract: The fungus Irpex lacteus is efficiently cultured on a solid substrate with a high content of crystalline cellulose. The fungal culture can be used to produce cellulases that are useful in conversion of cellulose to sugars. The fungal culture can also be used to produce chitin, which is itself valuable and can also be converted to chitosan. Use of the fungal culture for co-production of cellulases and chitin is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid mycorrhiza compositions and to methods for colonizing a plant, grass, tree or shrub with one or more mycorrhizas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nutritive medium, medium supplement, media subgroup and buffer formulations. The present invention provides powder nutritive medium, medium supplement and medium subgroup formulations, e.g., cell culture medium supplements (including powdered sera such as powdered fetal bovine serum (FBS)), medium subgroup formulations and cell culture media comprising all of the necessary nutritive factors that facilitate the in vitro cultivation of cells. The invention further provides powder buffer formulations that produce particular ionic and pH conditions upon reconstitution with a solvent. The invention provides methods for production of media, media supplement, media subgroup and buffer formulations, and also provides kits and methods for cultivation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, particularly bacterial cells, yeast cells, plant cells and animal cells (including human cells) using these dry powder nutritive media, media supplement, media subgroup and buffer formulations.

Abstract: A culture/gelling liquid is formed of a mixture of seed matter and water that is inoculated with a desired cell or tissue strain. The culture/gelling liquid is combined with a substrate in order to be formed into molds, and incubated until a member is formed. The substrate may also be pre-colonized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of producing alcohol esters during a fermentation by providing alcohol-producing microorganisms which further comprise an engineered polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having lipase activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are non-naturally occurring eukaryotic organisms that can be engineered to produce and increase the availability of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Also provided herein are non-naturally occurring eukaryotic organisms having a 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) pathway. and methods of using such organisms to produce 1,3-BDO.

Abstract: The present invention is related to glucoamylases having at least 80% sequence identity to a Trichoderma glucoamylase having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and biologically functional fragments thereof. The invention is also related to DNA sequences coding for the glucoamylases, vectors and host cells incorporating the DNA sequences, enzyme compositions and methods of using the glucoamylases in various applications.

Abstract: Methods for producing and obtaining natural products from microbial amplification chambers are described. This approach utilizes the concept of green chemistry to synthesize and extract the marine and terrestrial natural products. The method describes techniques to colonize and grow the selected bacteria and to continuously harvest the pharmaceutical agent from the broth without using any commercial solvents.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a treated backset for use in ethanol production, the process involving treating waste material from an ethanol fermentation process with microorganisms to remove or decrease microbial cell growth inhibitors present in the waste material; and removing microbial biomass from the treated waste material to form a treated backset. The treated backset can be used in a process for producing ethanol from a fermentable biomass. Recovered microbial biomass can be used in as an animal feed or as a dietary supplement.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to nutritive medium, medium supplement, media subgroup and buffer formulations. Specifically, powdered nutritive medium, supplement, subgroup formulations, cell culture media comprising all of the necessary nutritive factors for in vitro cell cultivation, buffer formulations that produce particular ionic and pH conditions upon reconstitution with a solvent are provided. Particularly, methods of production of these media, supplement, subgroup, buffer formulations and kits, and methods for the cultivation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using these dry powdered nutritive media, supplement, subgroup and buffer formulations are provided. Methods of producing sterile, powdered media or supplement (e.g., powdered FBS, powdered transferrin, powdered insulin, powdered organ extracts, powdered growth factors), media subgroup and buffer formulations by gamma irradiation are provided.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for preparing a product for fermentation comprising the steps: i. sterilizing and expanding a substrate to obtain a sterile expanded substrate, ii. cooling and inoculating the sterile expanded substrate by contacting the sterile expanded substrate with a cooling medium and an inoculum to obtain a cooled inoculated substrate. The expansion step can be performed using techniques from the state of the art known as popping or puffing. The method can be performed in standard equipment and is very flexible in its use. Furthermore, the method allows reducing the time and energy necessary to obtain a product for fermentation, such as solid state fermentation.

Abstract: A method for culturing cells or microorganisms by dissolving oxygen or carbon dioxide in a culture solution containing a nutrient including: supplying gas containing oxygen or carbon dioxide into inside of a glass porous body being configured to have cylindrical shape and a large number of uniformly fine pores in the outer surface and being configured to seal the end of the glass porous body; generating bubbles that have a 50% diameter of 200 ?m or less in a volume-based particle size distribution from the outer surface of the porous body by using gas containing oxygen or carbon dioxide that is supplied from an unsealed end of the glass porous body; suppressing aggregation of the bubbles by at least one of a cell-protecting agent for protecting the cells and a protein hydrolysate included in the culture solution; and dissolving oxygen or carbon dioxide in the culture solution.

Abstract: A thixotropic gel suitable for use in subsurface bioremediation is provided along with a process of using the gel. The thixotropic gel provides a non-migrating injectable substrate that can provide below ground barrier properties. In addition, the gel components provide for a favorable environment in which certain contaminants are preferentially sequestered in the gel and subsequently remediated by either indigenous or introduced microorganisms.

Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a consumable component kit for use in a system which utilises a liquid culture of a microbiological material, the kit including: a sealed and aseptic culturing vessel; at least one sealed and aseptic chamber for storing a liquid nutrient medium; a sample of the microbiological material; a sample of the nutrient medium which is suitable for use in a feedstock for the microbiological material; optionally, a sample of salts and other components of the liquid nutrient medium; and a plurality of aseptic conduits for connecting the chamber to the culturing vessel, and for connecting the culturing vessel to the remainder of the system to enable a liquid supply of the microbiological material, or a product or extract thereof, to be utilised by the system.

Abstract: An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing a selective medium that allows a target microorganism to predominantly proliferate in the simultaneous presence of many different microorganisms according to specific criteria. The object is solved by a method for producing a selective medium for a microorganism, which comprises the steps of: selecting at least one carbon source assimilable by a microorganism and/or at least one antibiotic to which the microorganism has resistance based on biological information about the microorganism; and mixing the selected carbon source and/or antibiotic with basic medium components.

Abstract: A method for incubating fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea is disclosed. The method comprises steps of: (a) obtaining a hymenium slice from a fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea; (b) transferring the hymenium slice to a selective culture medium for incubation to obtain an isolated strain; (c) transferring the isolated strain to a bagasse culture medium for incubation; (d) subjecting proliferation by liquid culture or solid culture to obtain large-scale liquid spawn or solid spawn; (e) inoculating a wood segment with the liquid spawn or the solid spawn and subjecting incubation; and (f) re-inoculating the wood segment with mixed single-spore colonies of Antrodia cinnamomea and subjecting incubation until fruiting bodies are produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable device for the detection of analytes, in particular toxic substances, comprising at least a whole-cell biosensor with cells immobilized onto a transparent and inert matrix that allows the maintenance of cell vitality. The matrix comprises a mixture of collagen and/or its enzyme degradation derivatives, a proteoglycan and a mixture of vinyl polymer and an optionally modified polysiloxane, and an orthosilicate. The biosensor can be a genetically modified cell that expresses luciferase as reporter gene.

Abstract: The present invention is generally in the field of continuous and high-cell-density cultivation in laboratory- or large-scale liquid shaken cultures. More particularly it relates to a method of enzyme-based fed-batch (EnBase) for liquid microbial prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell cultivation having the possibility to manipulate the growth rate of the cultured organisms by a controlled enzymatic release of the growth-limiting substrate-monomer from substrate-polymers or substrate-oligomers.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Abstract: This invention provides method for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease without noticeable side effects caused to patients, comprising administering an effective amount of Monascus-fermented product including Monascus powder and Monascus beverage. The Monascus powder and beverage are prepared through specific fermentation procedures disclosed and comprise monacolins, anti-inflammation agents and anti-oxidant compounds. The Monascus compositions are extracted from fermented red mold rice (RMR).

Abstract: A formula of medium for culturing Cordyceps spp. comprises 1˜6 wt % of carbon sources, 0.8˜51.5 wt % of nitrogen sources, 2˜12 wt % of alginate and 86.2˜95.2 wt % of solvent.