Abstract: Non-phosphorylated peptides and phosphopeptides useful as alimentary products or medicaments are produced. A hydrolyzate containing non-phosphorylated peptides and phosphopeptides is prepared by proteolytic enzyme hydrolysis of a casein-based material. The hydrolyzate is subjected to ultrafiltration with a membrane which allows peptides to pass through to produce a permeate containing the non-phosphorylated peptides and phosphopeptides. A bivalent cation-containing salt capable of aggregating the phosphopeptides is added to the permeate to produce a mixture containing phosphopeptide aggregates and non-phosphorylated peptides. The mixture is subjected to ultrafiltration with a membrane that retains the phosphopeptide aggregates and separates them from the non-phosphorylated peptides. The phosphopeptides form salts, which have dietetic uses, with macroelements such as calcium and/or magnesium and/or oligoelements such as iron and zinc.

Abstract: A particulate proteinaceous product and methods for producing the same from waste raw animal parts are disclosed. The product is dry to the touch, is compressible into pellets or cakes, and comprises about 45 to 65 w/w percent partially hydrolyzed, non-denatured animal protein, about 20-35 w/w percent oil derived from the animal parts, about 10-15 w/w percent moisture, and about 0-7 w/w percent ash. The product also has less objectionable odor, less propensity to oxidize, and higher nutritional value than existing products. The method involves mulling raw animal parts, hydrolyzing proteins in the animal parts with enzymes, heating to inactivate enzymes, screening, concentrating and adding oil, pasteurizing, removing water, separating oil and routing a portion of the separated oil to the beginning of concentrating as oil added. The method is distinctive in that it produces a dry, flaky product without the use of a conventional dryer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the recovery of a substantially insoluble, radiation imageable polyacetylene dispersion in aqueous binder which comprises contacting the dispersion with a proteolylic enzyme in an amount sufficient to decompose the binder, at a pH of from about 3 to about 9 and a temperature of between about 20.degree. C. and about 70.degree. C. and separating polyacetylene solids from the resulting liquid mixture, and which solids can be solubilized and recrystallized for further use.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of selectively degrading .beta.-lactoglobulin contained in cow's milk-serum protein by using a specific enzyme capable of selectively degrading .beta.-lactoglobulin.

Abstract: Novel methods for reducing the heterogeneity of secreted monoclonal antibodies are disclosed. The first method comprises incubating the heterogeneous antibodies at low pH for a length of time sufficient to convert the heterogeneous forms of antibodies into substantially homogeneous forms. Another method produces the same result using ascites fluid, while yet another method produces the same result using carboxypeptidase. The homogeneous antibodies can then be purified in high yield.

Abstract: An extraction method for lysing chlamydial, gonococcal or herpes organisms and extracting detectable antigen therefrom involves the use of a protease. In particular, the antigen can be effectively extracted from a biological specimen which contains whole blood or mucous using a protease. The extracted antigen can be effectively detected in an immunoassay involving antibodies directed to the antigen. The protease is novel to the process and is obtained from Bacillus subtilisin.

Abstract: A particulate proteinaceous product is prepared from waste raw protein-containing animal parts with a method and an apparatus having a mulling stage wherein the raw animal parts are reduced to a ground condition; a hydrolyzing stage wherein proteins in the ground animal parts are hydrolyzed to a predetermined extent to form an aqueous suspension, using either endogenous or supplementary proteolytic enzymes, and subsequently heated to inactivate the enzymes and convert fats in the suspension to oils; a screening stage wherein non-digestible solids are removed from the suspension; a concentration stage wherein extraneous oil is added to the suspension, the suspension is pasteurized, and a large portion of the water is removed therefrom; and an oil-separation stage wherein sufficient oil is removed to form the product.

Abstract: A feedstock containing a biomass such as lignocellulosic materials, e.g. forest biomass; agricultural residues; or manures, is pretreated and thereafter is fractionated into cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. New mutants are disclosed which include Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF-101 (NRRL 18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF-201 (NRRL 18758), Penicillum sp. IAF-603 (NRRL 18759), and Trichoderma reesei QMY-1. With these new mutants and also known fungi including Pleurotus sajor-caju and other Pleurotus spp. unfractionated predetermined biomass is converted into feed. The same treatment can also be applied to hemicelluloses, and cellullose. Cellulose can also be hydrolyzed by means of a cellulase-system prepared from cellulose and Tricoderma reesei to prepare glucose which can be converted to alcohol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces spp. and Zymomonas mobilis. The residual microbial biomass of these microorganisms from alcohol fermentation broth is also used as feed.

Abstract: Crystalline subtilisin is produced by adding a halide salt, such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride, to a concentrated subtilisin solution (at least about 40 g/1). This process does not produce amorphous subtilisin even at high salt concentrations in the solution. Optionally, subtilisin seed crystals also may be added to the concentrate to speed up the crystallization process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises as an osmotically active agent an osmotically effective amount of a mixture of peptides, the mixture consisting substantially of peptides having a molecular weight of about 300 to about 2000 daltons, and an equivalent weight between about 150 to about 1500.

Abstract: Casein phosphopeptide salts of calcium, magnesium or both are produced having less than 4% by weight of aromatic amino acids, greater than 8% and less than 20% by weight serine, less than 3% free amino acid content and a ratio of total calcium, magnesium and phosphorus to total nitrogen greater than 0.2. The phosphopeptides are produced by subjecting a casein material to proteolytic enzyme hydrolysis ultrafiltering the resulting hydrolyzate to produce a permeate containing phosphopeptides, adding a bivalent cation salt to the peptides to form phosphopeptide aggregates and separating by ultrafiltration the phosphopeptide aggregates from non phosphorylated peptides. The phosphopeptides obtained are useful as aliments for dietetic or therapeutic nutrition and as medicines.

Abstract: Controlled enzymatic treatment may be used to selectively degrade undesirable contaminants to a size or charge range which can be more readily removed by subsequent separation steps. Treatment is especially useful for purifying rDNA or monoclonal antibody culture products by using nuclease enzyme treatment to degrade undesirable residual nucleic acids to a molecular size or charge range sufficiently different from the product to be purified so that this difference can be exploited in a subsequent purification step (e.g. precipitation, size exclusion chromatography or ion exchange chromatography). The nuclease enzyme treatment is done in the presence of a detergent.

Abstract: The invention relates to DNA encoding a functional serotonin 5HT1c receptor, e.g., cDNA, and to the isolated, functional serotonin 5HT1c receptor encoded by such DNA. The invention also relates to mammalian cells expressing the cDNA encoding the 5HT1c receptor and to a DNA probe useful for detecting nucleic acid encoding the serotonin 5HT1c receptor. This invention provides methods for determining binding to the serotonin 5HT1c receptor, methods of detecting the expression, and the presence of the serotonin 5HT1c receptor on the surface of a cell and to a method of screening drugs to identify drugs which specifically interact with, and bind to the serotonin 5HT1c receptor on the surface of a cell.

Abstract: In a processing for treating waste containing effluent water from a food processing plant, the effluent water is contacted with a flocculant comprising a crude algal composition or a crude alkali processed algal composition obtained from algae selected from the classes Rhodophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae, at an acidic pH. A floc, which contains substantially all of the solid waste components of the effluent water, is formed as a result of the treatment process, and can be recovered for use in animal feedstocks or as other products such as fertilizers, or safely disposed of an in landfill operations. The clarified effluent water is sufficiently waste free that it can be forwarded to a secondary treatment facility or back into the food processing plant for reuse in certain plant operations.

Abstract: The filtration of thickened gluten which is obtained as by-product during the production of corn starch can be improved by the reaction of an amylase- and proteinase-activity-free xylanase, hemicellulase and/or glucanase and leads to more rapid draining and retention of the starch content of the thickened gluten.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering a cell wall protein, particularly a Fc-receptor, from streptococcal bacteria. In the process, streptococcal bacteria are treated with at least one proteolytic enzyme to solubilize the cell wall protein. A process is also disclosed for recovering Fc-receptor type III (protein G) having selective IgG-binding capability (i.e., no albumin-binding capability) from streptococcal bacteria by pretreating these bacteria with enzymes prior to said enzymatic solubilization.

Abstract: A substantially purified human chorionic gonadotropin releasing factor (hCG-RF) which is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight between about 50,000 and about 70,000. This hCG-RF is capable of stimulating release of human chorionic gonadotropin as well as prostaglandins, particularly from human term placental cultures. This hCG-RF is capable of degrading GnRH and is isolatable from human placenta, preferably term placenta. Such hCG-RF may be used to affect a state of pregnancy, particularly mammalian pregnancy. This effect upon pregnancy may comprise the induction of a normal labor.

Abstract: A method of producing a low-molecular weight peptide mixture, comprising the steps of dissolving a first protease in a buffer solution adjusted to an optimum pH for the protease ranging from pH 3 to 10, adding at least one first protein in a buffer solution having a pH of from 3 to 10 and a concentration of 10 to 60% by weight of the protein material and thoroughly mixing the solution, adding a solution of an ester of at least one amino acid pre-formed by esterification of the amino acid with an alcohol, the pH of said buffer solution being optimum for the incorporation of said amino acid in said starting protein in the presence of said first protease in a plastein reaction, reacting said ester of at least one amino acid with said starting protein in a plastein reaction in the mixed solution whereby said at least one amino acid is covalently incorporated into said starting protein to produce a plastein reaction solution containing a modified protein, hydrolyzing said modified protein using at least one second

Abstract: A novel method for preparing soluble antibody fragment compositions having superior characteristics for targeted delivery when administered in vivo are disclosed. The antibody fragment compositions are characterized by substantially the same immunospecificity as the unconjugated antibody and aqueous solubility such that they are suitable for in vivo administration. Therapeutic and diagnostic methods utilizing the antibody fragment compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A medicinal composition, particularly but not exclusively for use in fluids for medical dialysis, contains, as an agent for maintaining the osmolality of the fluid, a protein hydrolysate resulting from the action of a proteolytic enzyme on the sodium caseinate fraction of milk protein. The enzyme is preferably trypsin but other proteolytic enzymes and enzyme mixtures may be used, examples being chymotrypsin, pancreatin and pronase.The method of production involves treating the sodium caseinate in aqueous medium with the enzyme at the appropriate pH and temperature for optimum enzyme activity. The product of the enzymic hydrolysis, after filtration through a bacterial filter, adjustment of the osmolality to an appropriate level of around 300 mOsm/Kg and the pH to physiological level of about 6.6 and addition of physiological salt levels, constitutes the final product.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of determining the presence of incompatibility-reaction-causing substances in blood products. There is also disclosed a method of inactivating incompatibility-reaction-causing substances in blood products to be applied therapeutically and prophylactically. For this purpose, a fraction obtained from human or animal blood is treated with pancreas enzymes bound to water insoluble carrier material and, optionally, the fraction is subjected to further fractionation and concentration.

Abstract: A biochemical procedure for identification and characterization of cells in a biopsy or sample of a body fluid. The method can be used to determine cell type, i.e. epidermal, neuronal; tissue of origin, i.e. breast tissue, liver tissue; and degree of abnormality. The procedure can also be used to make antibodies and hybridization probes to detect cell or tissue specific antigens and nuclear matrix associated nucleic acids in cellular material and body fluids.The procedure is based on the isolation and analysis of the components of a specific subcellular protein fraction referred to here as the "nuclear matrix". The nuclear matrix includes proteins and nuclear matrix associated DNA specific to different cell types. These proteins and nucleic acids are altered or new ones expressed as a result of viral infection, genetic defects or malignancy.

Abstract: Method for the site specific genomic modification of yeasts of the genus Pichia and novel DNA sequences useful therefor are provided. Pichia is transformed with a serially arranged linear DNA fragment comprising first and second insertable DNA fragments, which flank a marker gene. The insertable DNA sequences are homologous to defined portions of the Pichia genome and integrate by recombination at such defined sites. The resulting transformed organism contains the marker gene and any additional DNA sequences which are positioned between the insertable DNA fragments. In addition, the resulting transformed organism has either a disrupted or deleted sequence at the site of the genomic modification. Enhanced production of heterologous gene products is observed when using as the host for expression strains in which the alcohol oxidase gene has been disrupted. Upon disruption of the primary alcohol oxidase gene of Pichia, the existence of a second alcohol oxidase gene in Pichia was also discovered.

Abstract: A biochemical procedure for diagnosis of three important properties of cells in a biopsy or blood sample: tumor type i.e., the tissue type that has become neoplastic; tissue of origin if the tumor has arisen from a metastasis; and degree of malignancy. The procedure can also be used to obtain antibodies which can be used to determine tissue of origin by immunostaining and to detect tumor antigens appearing in blood by radioimmunoassay.The procedure consists of isolating and analyzing components of a specific subcellular fraction referred to here as the "nuclear matrix". The nuclear matrix consists of proteins specific to different cell types and nuclear matrix associated DNA. The electrophoretic pattern of the proteins and restriction endonuclease digested DNA is unique and reproducible within a particular cell type and is therefore useful in diagnosing cell type. Changes in these patterns following transformation to a malignant phenotype provide additional diagnostic information.

Abstract: A solution of gamma-globulins, coming for example from Cohn's fractionation, is submitted to a step of fractionation with polyethylene-glycol, a step of moderated enzymatic treatment with pepsin, plasmin or papain, and a step of PEG elimination.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for neurological and psychiatric disorders utilizes the cerebrospinal fluid incubated in the presence of 32-P labelled ATP and an appropriate protein kinase. After termination of the reaction, a sample is applied to gels for electrophoresis. Subsequent autoradiography results in a disease-specific protein pattern that can be used for diagnosis of disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, dystonia ataxia, schizophrenia, epilepsy brain tumors, brain irradiation, head trauma, and acute and chronic encephalitic and vascular disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to bifunctional coupling agents useful in forming conjugates with biologically useful molecules, such as antibodies. These conjugates can be complexed with radionuclide metal ions to provide materials useful for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: A process for the separation from other cellular materials of heat agglomeration resistant water soluble nitrogen containing organic compounds such as plasmids, RNA's, mitochondrial DNA's, viral DNA's, chloroplast DNA's, other episomal DNA's and certain proteins. The process comprises heating cellular materials in a solution of lysing agent to lyse the desired cells and to agglomerate water soluble nitrogen containing compounds such as certain chromosomal DNA's which are not resistant to agglomeration; centrifuging the resulting product to remove water soluble agglomerated materials; separating the supernatant liquid and precipitating the water soluble agglomeration resistant organic compounds with a water soluble precipitant. The process also includes separating the agglomeration resistant water soluble nitrogen containing compounds from each other by means of exclusion chromotography.

Abstract: A casein phosphopeptide composition is prepared containing less than 4% phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, greater than 8% and less than 20% serine, a ratio of Ca+Mg+P/N.sub.T greater than 0.2, wherein N.sub.T is the total nitrogen content times 6.38, and free amino acids of less than 3%. The composition is useful as an ailment for dietetic or therapeutic nutrition or as a medicament. Salts of the phosphopeptides may be formed from macroelements such as calcium and/or magnesium and/or from oligoelements such as iron, zinc and copper. The composition is produced by proteolytic enzyme hydrolysis of a casein-based material, and using ultrafiltration and aggregration with a bivalent cation salt to isolate the phosphopeptide composition.

Abstract: A method of inactivating reproductive filterable pathogens in immunoglobulin-G-containing blood fractions to be applied therapeutically or prophylactically. In order to preserve full activity of the blood products and to completely inactivate pathogenic viruses, an aqueous solution of an immunoglobulin-G-containing fraction obtained from human blood is treated with neutral hydrolases at a temperature of 4.degree. to 50.degree. C. and at a pH of 5.5 to 9.5.

Abstract: A hypocholesterolemically active protein capable of reducing the blood cholesterol in mammals having the following characteristics:(a) Molecular weight by gel filtration: 30,000.+-.7,000(b) Isoelectric point: 7.9.+-.0.2(c) Amino acid composition (mole %):______________________________________ Glycine 25.23 Alanine 10.98 Glutamate 10.34 Asparaginate 8.20 Lysine 6.39 Leucine 5.58 Valine 5.41 Isoleucine 5.18 Threonine 4.23 Tyrosine 4.19 Serine 3.46 Proline 2.62 Arginine 2.60 Phenylalanine 2.51 Methionine 1.56 Histidine 1.30 Cysteine 0.16 ______________________________________(d) Pattern of electrophoresis: a sharp band on the anode side on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This hypocholesterolemically active protein is derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptococcus.

Abstract: A scrubbing process for high feed concentrations of different materials in liquid streams.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of pure yeast chromatin for isolation of p20 polypeptide includes breaking yeast cells in a buffer solution and separating the released chromatin. The chromatin is purified through sucrose, solubilized by an enzymatic digestion and the supernatant solution is loaded on a linear sucrose gradient 5-30% in a buffer solution. The p20 polypeptide is extracted from the sucrose gradient fraction by a buffer solution comprising sodium chloride at a concentration in the range of 0.15-5 M and preferably in the range of 0.35 M to 2.0 M.

Abstract: Two kinds of hydrolyzed protein having different characteristics respectively are obtained by hydrolyzing soy protein with protease and separating the mixture of hydrolyzed products using their solubilities in a 5% trichloro acetic acid aqueous solution as the guidance of the separation.The hydrolyzed protein of the low solubility possesses excellent emulsifying properties, and the one of the high solubility possesses excellent foaming properties.

Abstract: Nonphosphorylated peptides and phosphopeptides useful as alimentary products or medicaments are produced by proteolytic enzyme hydrolysis of a casein-based material. Ultrafiltration is used to separate phosphopeptides and nonphosphorylated peptides after hydrolysis. A bivalent cation is added to form aggregates of the phosphopeptides, and the aggregated phosphopeptides are separated from the nonphosphorylated peptides by ultrafiltration. The phosphopeptides form salts, which have dietefic uses, with macroelements such as calcium and/or magnesium and/or oligoelements such as iron and zinc.

Abstract: Method for preparing peptides free of undesired amino acids or amino acid sequences employing site specific receptors and proteases to cleave unprotected enzymatically hydrolyzable bonds.

Abstract: There is provided a method for treating an aqueous solution of soybean protein to provide a calcium abundant bean soup drink. The method comprises the steps of adding endpeptidase to an aqueous solution of soybean protein the protein of which has been thermally or alkali denatured, causing the components of the mixture to react with each other under intense agitation, adding calcium salt to the reaction product and optionally adding oil and emulsifying agents to the resulting mixture and homogenizing the mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing gluten having high solubility which comprises heating an aqueous acidic solution of gluten and one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of albumins and globulins in an amount of one half or less of that of gluten under acidic conditions and then, after cooling, neutralizing the solution, if necessary.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of penicillin-free mycelium masses from water-containing penicillin production culture (=wet mycelium), which have been formed by fermentation, by removing the residual penicillin usually contained therein by subjecting the wet mycelium to anerobic lactic fermentation using penicillin-resistant Lactobacilli, in which, with the mycelium mass being broken down, a penicillin-free silage product results, which can be stored under anerobic conditions and is used as animal feed, in particular for cattle and pigs, or as fertilizer.

Abstract: Yeast cells containing useful substances accumulated therein are contacted with a divalent copper ion in aqueous suspension, thereby discharging low-molecular-weight compounds in the cytoplasm out of the cells. Useful substances can be efficiently recovered both from the discharged compounds and the remaining cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of the biomass. The crude biomass is hydrolyzed by means of a proteolytic enzyme, the dissolved hard particles are separated from the total hydrolyzate by rough filtration, and the filtrated enzymatic hydrolyzate is submitted to membrane separation through semipermeable membranes.All of the steps are carried out at mild operating conditions, which preserves the structure and composition of the nonproteinic compounds. The use of organic solvents is entirely avoided, resulting in a safer process. The available proteins are extracted from the total mass as a protein hydrolyzate, which is easily digested. The final product yield is 92-95% amino acids. Gel chromatographic analysis of the final product shows that the free amino acids and the peptides have a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000 Daltons.

Abstract: Functional protein having reduced nucleic acid content is produced without initial denaturation of the protein by contacting undenatured yeast cells with an alkaline protease at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to 40.degree. C. for about 2 minutes to 2 hours at a pH of about 8 to 11. The yeast cells are preferably Pichia pastoris and the alkaline protease is preferably from Bacillus lichenformis.

Abstract: Method for preparation of pure hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg from human plasma, wherein the initial plasma after being treated to remove lipides and partially remove human plasma proteins, is submitted to digestion with pepsin in amount of 0.01-0.50 mg/mg of protein to selectively decompose the plasma proteins while the antigen remains intact, filtered in a phosphate buffered medium, up to a pH value of 7.1-7.3, through molecular filters passing molecules of up to 100,000 Daltons, the infectiosity being subsequently de-activated by means of formaldehyde, in proportion of 1:2000 by volume, for 96 hours.

Abstract: A process for preparing a transparent cosmetic material having a moisturizing effect in which lactic acid and casein hydrolysate formation are carried out simultaneously in skim milk by lactic acid bacteria and proteases and, subsequently, sterilization of the lactic acid bacteria and inactivation of the proteolytic enzyme are carried out simultaneously.

Abstract: A method is provided for restoring some or all of the activity of gamma-interferon which has been in contact with an acidic solution comprising the steps of: (a) placing the gamma-interferon in a solution which has a pH between about 5.5 and 9.5; and (b) incubating the solution at a temperature of between about 2.degree. C. and 8.degree. C. for a period of at least 24 hours. The method allows antibody affinity chromatography employing acid elution to be used to purify gamma-interferon, in that, the activity of the acid-eluted gamma-interferon can be essentially completely restored using the reactivation process.

Abstract: Phosphopeptides useful as alimentary products or as medicaments are obtained by a method of subjecting phosphocaseinates of monovalent cations or paracasein derived therefrom to enzymatic hydrolysis with at least one proteolytic enzyme that simulates proteic digestion in vivo in the human body, ultrafiltering the resultant hydrolysate with a membrane that retains the enzyme to obtain a permeate containing phosphopeptides and non-phosphorylated peptides, adding to the permeate a bivalent cation salt to form aggregates of the phosphopeptides, subjecting the resultant solution to ultrafiltration with a membrane that retains the phosphopeptide aggregates, and recovering the retained phosphopeptides. The phosphopeptides form salts, which have dietetic uses, with macroelements such as calcium and/or magnesium and/or oligoelements such as iron and zinc.

Abstract: Purified vegetable protein particularly from soymeal produced by enzymatic treatment to dissolve the remanence employing a novel enzyme composition agent adapted to decompose a hitherto unreported pectic-like polysaccharide capable of binding to proteins.

Abstract: A process for recovering purified vegetable protein particularly soymeal protein by enzymatic treatment to dissolve the remanence employing a novel enzyme composition agent adapted to decompose a hitherto unreported pectic-like polysaccharide capable of binding to proteins. The process can recover protein from corn gluten, cotton seed meal, sunflower meal, rape meal etc.

Abstract: Hydrolysis of plant kingdom polysaccharides by treatment with SPS-ase preparations.SPS-ase is an enzyme adapted to hydrolyzing the water-soluble protein binding polysaccharide present in soy flour decomposed by use of conventional pectinases, which polysaccharide is believed to be widespread in plant kingdom substances. Treatment with an SPS-ase preparation can clarify juices, wines and beers, hydrolyze process wastes such as sugar beet pulp, pomace, and soy milk remanence, improve the digestability of silage, and reduce the viscosity of wort.

Abstract: SPS--A novel pectic-like polysaccharide derived from soy plant cell walls characterized by capability to bind to proteins.SPS-ase--The carbohydrase complex capable of decomposing SPS into decomposition products incapable of attaching to protein, and method for producing SPS-ase by cultivation of an SPS-ase producing microorganism for which preferred microorganism strains are Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 101.43 and Aspergillus japonicus IFO 4408.