Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel culturing method by which spores can be efficiently produced. The present invention further provides a method for culturing sporulating bacteria, comprising adding a sporulation-inhibiting substance into a medium for culturing sporulating bacteria, wherein the carbon content in the medium is 9.1 g/L or more, and preferably further comprising a step of adding a sporulation-accelerating substance to the medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptides having trehalase activity. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using a trehalase of the invention, in particular a process of producing a fermentation product, such as ethanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variants of a parent glucoamylase. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the glucoamylase variants.

Abstract: A process for preparing lactic acid and/or a lactate salt via the fermentation of carbohydrates obtained from lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: Specific peptides have been discovered that mimic an idiotype of an autoantibody. Such peptides may be formed into polymers. The peptides may be used in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of an autoimmune disease together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Abstract: Provided herein are recombinant yeast host cells and methods for their use for production of isobutanol. Yeast host cells provided comprise an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway and at least one of reduced or eliminated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, reduced or eliminated acetolactate reductase activity; or a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides fungal xylanase and/or xylosidase enzymes suitable for use in saccharification reactions. The present invention provides xylanase and xylosidase enzymes suitable for use in saccharification reactions. The present application further provides genetically modified fungal organisms that produce xylanase(s) and/or xylosidase(s), as well as enzyme mixtures exhibiting enhanced hydrolysis of cellulosic material to fermentable sugars, enzyme mixtures produced by the genetically modified fungal organisms, and methods for producing fermentable sugars from cellulose using such enzyme mixtures. In some embodiments, the xylanase and xylosidase enzyme(s) are M. thermophila enzymes.

Abstract: Provided are isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity, catalytic domains, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes of producing a fermentation product, comprising liquefying a starch containing material with an alpha-amylase; pre-saccharifying and/or saccharifying and fermenting using a fermentation organism in the presence of a carbohydrate source generating enzyme and a cellulolytic composition The invention also relates to methods of dewatering whole stillage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch into a soluble starch hydrolysate at a temperature below the initial gelatinization temperature of said granular starch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase, a thermostable protease, and optionally a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme and/or pullulanase, are present and/or added during liquefaction. The invention also relates to compositions suitable for use in a process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) belonging to a new family of CBM's. A CBM of the invention was found attached to a glycosyl hydrolase family 61 (GH61) polypeptide and was shown to have little homology with known CBM's indicating that it is the first known member of a new family of CBM's. The present invention further relates to CBM's preferably exhibiting binding affinity for cellulose; to a method of producing such CBM's; and to methods for using such CBM's in the textile, detergent and cellulose fiber processing industries, for purification of polypeptides, immobilization of active enzymes, baking, manufacturing of biofuel, modification of plant cell walls.

Abstract: Provided are isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity, catalytic domains, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains.

Abstract: Many fungal secondary metabolites are of industrial interest, such as antibiotics, while others are undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins. Overexpression of mtfA enhances production of fungal compounds with applications in the medical field, and overexpression or impaired mtfA expression decreases the production of compounds that negatively affect health/agriculture/economy such as mycotoxins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a host cell deficient in an essential gene, comprising a vector, said vector comprising at least said essential gene and an autonomous replication sequence, wherein the host cell is a filamentous fungal cell. The invention also relates to a host cell deficient in an essential gene, comprising a vector, said vector comprising at least said essential gene and an autonomous replication sequence, wherein the host cell comprises a recombinant polynucleotide construct comprising a polynucleotide encoding a biological compound of interest or a compound involved in the synthesis of a biological compound of interest.

Abstract: An automated apparatus and method for analyzing liquid samples by forming discrete sample aliquots (boluses) in an elongated conduit which contains a hydrophobic carrier liquid. Aliquots may be analyzed by adding at least one reagent to the sample aliquot that reacts selectively with an analyte contained therein. The reaction product, which is selective for the analyte of interest and proportional to its concentration, is measured with an appropriate detector. Intrinsic sample properties of the sample may also be measured without the need for adding chemical reagents. The invention enables simple and accurate testing of samples using time honored wet-chemical analysis methods in microliter volume regimes while producing remarkably small volumes of waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides fungal xylanase and/or beta-xylosidase enzymes suitable for use in saccharification reactions. The present application further provides genetically modified fungal organisms that produce xylanase and/or beta-xylosidases, as well as enzyme mixtures exhibiting enhanced hydrolysis of cellulosic material to fermentable sugars, enzyme mixtures produced by the genetically modified fungal organisms, and methods for producing fermentable sugars from cellulose using such enzyme mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a yeast cell comprising one or more exogenous genes of a pentose metabolic pathway non-native to the yeast cell wherein the yeast cell has a disruption of the hxk1, hxk2 glk1 and gal1 native in the yeast cell. The invention further relates to pentose and glucose fermenting yeast cell that is capable of simultaneous pentose and glucose consumption.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of fermenting plant material in a fermentation medium into a fermentation product using a fermenting organism, wherein one or more deamidases are present in the fermentation medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein liquefied mash is saccharified or pre-saccharified using a thermostable carbohydrate-source generating enzyme before fermentation or SSF.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of cells which are capable of converting arabinose, comprising the following steps: a) Introducing into a host strain that cannot convert arabinose, the genes AraA, araB and araD, this cell is designated as constructed cell; b) Subjecting the constructed cell to adaptive evolution until a cell that converts arabinose is obtained, c) Optionally, subjecting the first arabinose converting cell to adaptive evolution to improve the arabinose conversion; the cell produced in step b) or c) is designated as first arabinose converting cell; d) Analysing the full genome or part of the genome of the first arabinose converting cell and that of the constructed cell; e) Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) in the first arabinose converting cell; and f) Using the information of the SNP's in rational design of a cell capable of converting arabinose; g) Construction of the cell capable of converting arabinose designed in step f).

Abstract: A truncated pullulanase variant of a parent pullulanase belonging to family GH57 comprising an X47 domain and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrolysate of from lignocellulose-containing material, comprising pre-treatment with low temperature, hydrolysis and fermentation, wherein hydrolysis is performed by contacting the lignocellulose-containing material with an enzyme composition comprising at least 10% xylanase enzyme protein w/w%.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of an N-?-amino-hydroxyphenylacetyl or an N-?-aminophenylacetyl ?-lactam antibiotic comprising an IPNS-catalysed conversion of a precursor tripeptide hydroxyphenylglycyl-cysteinyl-valine (HpgCV) or phenylglycyl-cysteinyl-valine (PgCV), respectively, to the N-hydroxyphenylglycyl or the N-phenylglycyl ?-lactam antibiotic, respectively. The tripeptide HpgCV or the tripeptide PgCV may further be prepared by contacting the amino acids hydroxyphenylglycine (Hpg) or phenylglycine (Pg), cystein (C) and valine (V) with a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) to effect formation of the tripeptide HpgCV or the tripeptide PgCV, the NRPS comprising a first module M1 specific for Hpg or Pg, a second module M2 specific for C and a third module M3 specific for V An IPNS is further provided having an improved activity in this conversion, as well as an NRPS catalysing the formation of the tripeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated fungal promoter DNA sequences, to DNA constructs, vectors, and fungal host cells comprising these promoters in operative association with coding sequences encoding polypeptides. The present invention also relates to methods for expressing a gene and/or producing a polypeptide using the new promoters isolated. The present invention also relates to methods for altering the transcription level and/or regulation of an endogenous gene using the new promoter of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cell which comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a xylose isomerase, wherein the amino acid sequence of the xylose isomerase has at least about 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 3 and wherein the nucleotide sequence is heterologous to the host. A cell of the invention may be used in a process for producing a fermentation product, such as ethanol. Such a process may comprise fermenting a medium containing a source of xylose with a cell of the invention such that the cell ferments xylose to the fermentation product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant prokaryotic penicillin G acylase derived from a wild-type penicillin G acylase characterized in that the mutant is having an amino acid substitution at one or more amino acid positions selected from the group consisting of amino acid positions A3, A77, A90, A144 A192, B24, B109, B148, B313, B460 and B488 according to the amino acid numbering of the Escherichia coli penicillin G acylase having the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID No: 1.

Abstract: A method for the modification of a material comprising a non-starch carbohydrate, which method comprises contacting said material comprising a non-starch carbohydrate with a polypeptide which has peroxidase activity and which is: a. a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 55% homology with an amino acid sequence set out in any one of: amino acids 21 to 513 of SEQ NO: 2; amino acids 20 to 510 of SEQ ID NO: 4; amino acids 1 to 493 of SEQ ID NO 6; or amino acids 1 to 491 of SEQ ID NO: 8 or b. a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence having at least 55% homology with a nucleotide sequence set out in any one of: nucleotides 61 to 1539 of SEQ ID NO: 1; nucleotides 58 to 1530 of SEQ ID NO: 3; nucleotides 1 to 1479 of SEQ ID NO: 5; or nucleotides 1 to 1473 of SEQ ID NO: 7.

Abstract: The invention provides a membrane comprising a gel reinforced by a support. The membrane has opposing surfaces and a thickness between said surfaces. The gel communicates between the opposing surfaces and allows diffusion of a nutrient solution through the membrane. A bioreactor is also provided, comprising a membrane-supporting structure, and a membrane according to the invention supported on the membrane-supporting structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selecting a strain of an organism capable of improved consumption of a mixed substrate comprising two or more carbon sources as compared to a reference strain of the organism, which method comprises: growing a population of the reference strain of the organism in the presence of the two or more carbon sources, wherein the number of generations of growth of the said population on each of the said carbon sources is at least about 50% of the number of generations of growth on the carbon source most preferred by the organism; and selecting the resulting strain of the organism, thereby to select a strain of the organism capable of improved consumption of a mixed substrate comprising the two or more carbon sources as compared to the reference strain of the organism. The invention also relates to strains of organisms selected using such a method.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the synthesis of a semi-synthetic ?-lactam compound from a nucleus and a side chain selected from the group consisting of D-phenylglycine and D-dihydro-phenylglycine in the form of a side chain ester and an enzyme catalyzing the coupling of the side chain ester to the nucleus characterized in that the side chain ester is not isolated as a solid intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses isolation of Penicillin Acylase (PA) from Achromobacter sp CCM 4824 expressed in recombinant strain E. coli BL21 CCM 7394 bearing the recombinant plasmid pKXIP1 and processing of PA into biocatalyst useful for the industrial synthesis of antibiotics. More particularly the invention discloses a synthesis of semi-synthetic ?-lactam antibiotics in the reaction mixture consisting of activated acyl-donor (D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester or amide for Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil; D-phenylglycine methyl ester or amide for Ampicillin and Cephalexin) and nucleophile (6-APA or 7-ADCA) catalyzed by PA obtained from recombinant E. coli BL21 CCM 7394 as the biocatalyst.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for protection of enzymatic biocatalysts, constituted by a primary support, wrapped by a secondary matrix. More particularly, the invention is embodied as a bioreactor with a configuration that preserves the physical integrity and catalytic activity of the biocatalyst after long runs, and at the same time allows an easy separation of the protected biocatalyst from the solid, precipitated during the reaction course. Still more particularly, the invention refers to the use of the bioreactor herein described for the enzymatic synthesis of ?-lactam antibiotics, including the insoluble enzymatic catalysts, which have a primary matrix for immobilization involved by a secondary matrix, which is able to preserve 100% of the catalyst physical integrity and approximately 100% of its catalytic activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the presence of a target bacteria based on its resistance to a cell lysing antibiotic. Said antibiotic is used to lyse cells of non-target bacteria in a sample and hence facilitate isolation of the target prior to detection by known means.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of an N-?-amino-hydroxyphenylacetyl or an N-?-aminophenylacetyl ?-lactam antibiotic comprising an IPNS-catalysed conversion of a precursor tripeptide hydroxyphenylglycyl-cysteinyl-valine (HpgCV) or phenylglycyl-cysteinyl-valine (PgCV), respectively, to the N-hydroxyphenylglycyl or the N-phenylglycyl ?-lactam antibiotic, respectively. The tripeptide HpgCV or the tripeptide PgCV may further be prepared by contacting the amino acids hydroxyphenylglycine (Hpg) or phenylglycine (Pg), cystein (C) and valine (V) with a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) to effect formation of the tripeptide HpgCV or the tripeptide PgCV, the NRPS comprising a first module M1 specific for Hpg or Pg, a second module M2 specific for C and a third module M3 specific for V An IPNS is further provided having an improved activity in this conversion, as well as an NRPS catalysing the formation of the tripeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline amoxicillin trihydrate powder having a bulk density higher than 0.45 g/ml. The invention also relates to a process for preparing crystalline amoxicillin trihydrate powder, said process comprising: crystallizing amoxicillin trihydrate from a solution containing dissolved amoxicillin; separating the crystals from said solution; and drying the separated crystals, resulting in crystalline powder having a bulk density higher than 0.45 g/ml.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of secondary metabolites by fungi. More particularly, the invention relates to improvement of production of commercially important secondary metabolites by fungi. The invention provides methods for improving secondary metabolite production in a fungus, comprising modulating the expression of a gene involved in regulation of secondary metabolite production.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automated process for performing two or more consecutive reactions in a reaction vessel, said reaction vessel comprising an outlet at the base of said reaction vessel, and said process comprising: i) performing a first reaction is said reaction vessel, said first reaction comprising reacting one or more first reactants in the presence of a first catalyst, ii) uploading the reaction vessel of material therein through the outlet at the base of said reaction vessel and into a collecting vessel, iii) weighing the collecting vessel with the material therein, iv) calculating the mass of material collected, v) comparing the expected mass of material from the reaction to the value from step (iv), and vi) if the values correlate, subsequently performing a second reaction in said reaction vessel, said second reaction comprising reacting one or more second reactants in the presence of a second catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes the transformation of a microorganism that does not naturally produce a ?-lactam compound with polynucleotides involved in the biosynthesis of ?-lactam compounds and the use of such transformed microorganisms in the production of ?-lactam compounds or in the identification of genes or factors involved in the synthesis of a ?-lactam compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a novel ?-lactam antibiotic from a protoplast fusion strain. The method is to fermentatively culture the protoplast fusion strain of Penicillium chrysogenum and Cephalosporium acremonium. The ferment filtrate is isolated, lyophilized, and extracted by acetone or acetone/methanol. The extract is concentrated by decompression, and then analyzed by preparation type HPLC to isolate the active antibiotic compound.

Abstract: Methods for improving the production of a secondary metabolite by a fungus by increasing the yield or productivity of the secondary metabolite produced by the fungus are described. The methods include increasing the expression of LYS14, for example, by transforming a cell with a nucleic acid molecule encoding LYS14.

Abstract: The invention provides polypeptides and nucleic acids which identify and encode LaeA, a regulator of fungal secondary metabolite production which exhibits global control over secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The invention further provides expression vectors, host cells, methods of increasing the production of secondary metabolites in an organism naturally producing a secondary metabolite or engineered to produce a secondary metabolite, and methods of identifying novel secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for identifying and enriching cell-specific target structures, in particular for the identification of cell-specific protein combination patterns on the surface of cells and for enriching such cells. The process comprises depositing a heterogeneous cell mixture one or plural surfaces with predefined structures causing cells with corresponding target structures to become bound to such surface(s), removing any non-binding cells of said cell mixture from said surface, identifying the cell-specific target structures responsible for the binding of the cells to said surface(s), selecting and enriching cells with identical cell-specific target structures on said surface(s), and biochemically characterizing the target structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of secondary metabolites by fungi. More particularly, the invention relates to improvement of production of commercially important secondary metabolites by fungi. The invention provides methods for improving secondary metabolite production in a fungus, comprising modulating the expression of a gene involved in regulation of secondary metabolite production.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for identifying cell-specific target structures. The process comprises automatically depositing a reagent solution that includes at least one marker molecule on an object which contains cells and/or cell membranes originating from a cell or tissue sample, allowing the reagent solution to react and automatically detecting at least one marker pattern of the object labeled with the reagent solution, removing said reagent solution, combining detected marker patterns, repeating the process with at least one further object, determining at least one difference in the objects, identifying at least one reagent solution causing the at least one difference, selecting molecules or molecular complexes from a homogenate of cells and/or cell membranes, and biochemically characterizing these molecules or molecular complexes.

Abstract: DNA sequences obtained from S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064, recombinant vectors incorporating such sequences and hosts transformed with such vectors are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising conjugate molecules that are structurally stable at a temperature of between about 2 degrees C. and 8 degrees C. In some examples, a conjugate molecule comprises an antigen, such as an allergen. In some examples, a conjugate molecule comprises the Ragweed antigen Amb a 1. The present invention provides methods for making and using such compositions. Provided herein are methods for modulating an immune response in an individual comprising administration of a composition comprising a structurally stable conjugate molecule as described herein.