Abstract: This invention provides novel compositions and processes for analyte detection, quantification and amplification. Nucleic acid arrays and libraries of analytes are usefully incorporated into such compositions and processes. Universal detection elements, signaling entities and the like are employed to detect and if necessary or desirable, to quantify analytes. Amplification of target analytes are also provided by the compositions and processes of this invention.

Abstract: This application features methods of inhibiting ultraviolet B-induced skin damage in a subject. The methods include administering a VEGF-C agonist to the subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to cancer and particularly to breast cancer including estrogen sensitive, estrogen resistant and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and to methods of diagnosis and prognosis thereof and therapeutic intervention involving replication factor C 40 (RFC40). Methods and assays for evaluating breast cancer are provided. The disclosure also relates to inhibition or modulation of RFC40 in treatment or alleviation of cancer, including breast cancer. RFC40 inhibitors, including siRNAs and miRNAs, which specifically affect cancer cells, particularly breast cancer cells, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of protachykinin and/or fragments thereof that can be isolated from body fluids, tissues or other biological samples and therefore, serves as a marker peptide for medical diagnosis of diseases/disorders of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and/or conditions of pain, neurological, endocrinological, cerebral, muscular, local, systemic, chronic, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases comprising bacterial and viral infections, meningitis, sepsis, Crohn's disease, colitis ulcerosa, sickle cell anemia, ischemia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, arthritis comprising rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, hyperalgesia, asthma, intoxication comprising bacterial intoxication, immunological disorders, poly/-trauma comprising cranio-cerebral trauma, tumors/cancer, stroke, stress, atopis dermatitis, HIV, Huntington's disease, burns, schizophrenia, Hirschsprung's disease, allergies, familial dysautononmia (Riley Day syndrome), he

Abstract: Provided is a method of protein synthesis. The method of protein synthesis according to the present invention uses an automatic biological material purification apparatus including: a well plate kit; a heating part; and a magnetic field applying part, such that a plurality of target proteins may be more quickly and simply obtained as compared to target proteins obtained by using the existing method for expressing/purifying proteins through conventional cell culture, and a reproducible synthesis efficiency on the same proteins may be obtained due to no deviation between reaction wells.

Abstract: Microfluidic systems and methods. A microfluidic device for in vitro fertilization comprises a substrate and a plurality of microchannels disposed in the substrate, including an inlet of at least two of the plurality of microchannels arranged on the substrate to align with a fluid-handling device. Another microfluidic system for assaying a plurality of cells comprises a substrate and a plurality of microfluidic channels comprising a source channel, a sink channel, and a cell chamber. An insert for a microfluidic system comprises a substrate configured to be inserted into a dish and a plurality of microscale wells disposed in the substrate. A microfluidic channel comprises a substrate and at least one microchannel having an open inlet, an open outlet, a channel, and an opening in the substrate disposed over a portion of the channel.

Abstract: A method of correcting time-of-flight drift in a mass spectrometer by identifying mass spectral peaks of ions in spectra, detecting ions having substantially the same mass across spectra, determining a time-of-flight drift of the detected ions, and correcting the time-of-flight drift of the detected ions by applying a correction factor to each respective time-of-flight.

Abstract: Methods for assessing a pathological condition in a subject include measuring one or more markers where a difference is indicative of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or a predisposition to ALL, uses and compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the findings that a novel function for miR142-3p in the regulation of Sox2, adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9), and CD133 expressions, and consequently the overall stemness of recurrent GBM cells as well as CSCs, and that miR142-3p modulated tumor-initiating properties in recurrent GBM. The present invention consequently supports the development of novel miRNA-based strategies for brain tumor treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of increasing the level and/or function of an Eph receptor B2 in a neuronal cell; and methods of treating an amyloid-beta-induced neurodegenerative disease in an individual. The present disclosure further provides methods of identifying an agent that increases the level and/or function of an Eph receptor B2 in a neuronal cell.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for computing a quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) of disease severity from variations in texture-based features in a tomographic image, the apparatus including a first preprocessing module for normalizing the intensities in the tomographic image; a second identification module for identifying at least one organ of interest in the tomographic image; a third ROI selection module for identifying and selecting a plurality of target ROIs and reference ROIs representative respectively of abnormal and normal pathology in the organ(s) of interest; a fourth ROI assessment module for extracting a plurality of texture-based feature signatures from the target ROIs and the reference ROIs, wherein the feature signatures are generated from distributions of statistical attributes extracted from each ROI; a fifth biomarker assessment module for computing the distance between the target ROI signatures and the reference ROI signatures, wherein the biomarker of disease severity is a function of t

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting cancer and an agent for suppressing cell growth by identification of genes showing behaviors characteristic in cancer such as esophageal carcinoma. The present invention provides a method for detecting cancer, which comprises detecting canceration through detection of amplification of at least one gene existing in an 1q32-1q41 chromosomal region in a specimen.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to novel genes and their encoded proteins, termed Mutants Associated with Resistance to STI-571 (e.g., T315I Bcr-Abl), and to diagnostic and therapeutic methods and compositions useful in the management of various cancers that express MARS. The invention further provides methods for identifying molecules that bind to and/or modulate the functional activity of MARS.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for differentiate human cancers comprising using one or more transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCR) expression profiles where the association between the genomic location of UCRs and the analyzed cancer-related genomic elements is highly statistically significant and comparable to that reported for miRNAs.

Abstract: Devices and methods for using changes in the defects in micrometer sized dispersed liquid crystal domains to detect or quantify analytes in a test sample, including endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are disclosed. The dispersed liquid crystal microdomains are exposed to the test sample, and any changes in the number of defects in the liquid crystal microdomains are detected by detecting changes in the anchoring configuration of the microdomains. Such changes in anchoring configuration indicate the presence of analyte in the test sample.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a probe, primer, primer set and antibody for determining neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura or the risk of developing it. According to the present invention, there is provided a probe, primer, primer set and antibody for use in the detection of the thymine residue at position 1297 in the GPIIIa.

Abstract: A reversion mutation assay that is unique in providing a quantitative readout for mutagenesis. This assay is based on the creation of a functional GFP-?-lactamase fusion protein as a reporter providing both antibiotic resistance and fluorescence. This dual reporter is placed in a multicopy plasmid to increase the number of targets, with a reversion site at the N-terminus. Rare mutations at the reversion site allow read-through of the fusion protein, producing both beta-lactamase (providing antibiotic resistance) and GFP (emitting fluorescence). In the presence of carbenicillin, beta-lactamase production confers a selective advantage that allows amplification of mutant plasmids, raising the level of fluorescence emitted by GFP to levels that are detectable by fluorimetry. A window of time can be found where fluorescence is proportional to the number of mutation events at the reversion site, making fluorescence a quantitative measure of mutagenesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of screening assays, compounds, and methods for altering gene expression and protein levels. In particular, the invention includes assays to screen for agents capable of modulating gene expression in a UTR-dependent manner and agents capable of modulating gene expression.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of identifying cancerous or precancerous cells suspended in a liquid carrier, such as, a biological fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the surprising finding that biomarkers corresponding to ACAA1, AP1M2, CGN, DDR1, EPS8L2, FASTKD1, GMIP, IKBKE, P2RX4, P4HB, PHKG2, PPFIBP2, PPP1 R16A, RASSF7, RNF183, SIRT6, TJP3, EFEMP2, S0CS2, and DCN are differentially expressed in control samples as compared to samples from patients having endometrial cancer and are therefore useful for detecting endometrial cancer. In particular these biomarkers having excellent sensitivity, specificity, and/or the ability to separate affected from non affected individuals. Furthermore, the inventors found that the differential expression of these biomarkers in primary endometrial cancer tumor tissue is correlated to their expression level in uterine fluid samples as compared to control values. Thus these biomarkers are robust in that they are found to be differentially expressed in several different types of samples from affected individuals.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods related to mutations in the Myh9 gene for aiding in diagnosing a subject as having an aggressive form of a cancer, for identifying an individual as a candidate for treatment with a nuclear export inhibitor, for determining whether tumor cells have defective p53 nuclear transportation, and for treating an individual diagnosed with an aggressive cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the BAD pathway's influence on development, progression, chemo-sensitivity, and overall survival for multiple human cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target to increase chemo-sensitivity. BAD pathway expression was associated with the development and/or progression of breast, colon, and endometrial cancers, relapse-free survival from breast cancer, and overall survival from ovarian, colon, and brain cancers. Expression was also associated with in vitro sensitivity to a range of cytotoxic agents. pBAD levels were higher in cancer versus immortalized normal cells and chemo-resistant versus—sensitive cancer cells and associated with increased cell proliferation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutations associated with neoplasia, such as meningioma. Thus, the invention relates to compositions and methods useful for the assessment, characterization, classification and treatment of neoplasia, including meningioma, based upon the presence or absence of mutations that are associated with neoplasia, including meningioma.

Abstract: The invention provides therapeutic and prophylactic compounds and methods for altering the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (e.g. PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, PDK4). Such therapies are useful for the treatment of neoplasia. The invention further provides therapeutic and prophylactic compounds and methods of altering pyruvate dehydrogenase activity to treat or prevent cell death related to ischemia.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for targeting SAS1B positive cancer cells using immunotoxin technology and discloses that kidney and pancreatic cancer cells are SAS1B positive, but not normal kidney and pancreatic cells. The invention discloses that despite being expressed only in growing oocytes in females among normal tissues SAS1B is expressed in cancers of both men and women.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis of tumoural conditions and/or of the corresponding state of advance, wherein a sample from a patient comprising at least one tumour cell is obtained. According to the invention, a purified specimen of the at least one tumour cell is obtained by individually selecting and isolating single cells in a microfluidic device the purified specimen having a purity of at least 90%. On the purified specimen thus obtained there is subsequently performed a molecular analysis such as to highlight a characteristic thereof suited to enabling diagnosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the fields of molecular biology and growth factor regulation. More specifically, the invention relates to therapies for the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified and genomic sequences, to oligonucleotides and/or PNA-oligomers for detecting the cytosine methylation state of genomic DNA, as well as to a method for predicting the disease free survival and/or response of a subject with a cell proliferative disorder of the breast tissues, to endocrine treatment.

Abstract: It has been discovered that amplifications in the gene coactivator activator (CoAA) blocks stem cell differentiation and induces cancer stem cells. One embodiment provides compositions and methods for treating or alleviating one or more symptoms associated with cancer due to gene amplifications in CoAA. Another embodiment provides methods and compositions for detecting cancer due to gene amplifications in CoAA. Still another embodiment provides methods for identifying compounds, antibodies and nucleic acid molecules that are useful for treating cancer due to gene amplifications in CoAA. Preferably the disclosed compositions antagonize or interfere with the CoAA amplicons and the biological activity of CoAA and or splice variants thereof.

Abstract: Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs (PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14), affecting 26% of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift or splice site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP (PTPRT) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the tyrosine phosphatase genes are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and assays for the detection of active Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) activity in cells. The methods and assays involve detecting or assaying for partially double-stranded telomeric circles wherein the presence of said circles is specific for cells comprising an active ALT mechanism. In some embodiments the methods find application in, inter alia, determining the level of ALT activity in a cell, determining the ALT status of a cancer in a subject, diagnosing and/or treating disease, determining disease status, analysis of treatment efficacy, and the identification of novel therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for detection of a nucleic acid target in a sample. The methods and compositions use primer directed amplification in conjunction with nucleic acid fragmentation. The methods have high sensitivity even in the presence of a large amount of non-target nucleic acid. Also provided are oligonucleotides and kits useful in the method. Exemplary nucleic acid targets are those with mutant gene sequence such as mutant sequence of the EGFR, APC, TMPRSS2, ERG and ETV1 genes.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of determining the aggressiveness or indolence of a ductal carcinoma in situ lesion. Also provided are methods of developing treatment plans for subjects with a ductal carcinoma in situ lesion based on the aggressiveness of the lesion.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions, kits, and methods for detecting, characterizing, preventing, and treating human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A variety of chromosomal regions (MCRs) and markers in the MCRs, are provided that are correlated with cancer. In particular, chromosomal regions and markers in the MCR 50.06-62.89 Mb of human chromosome 19, are provided, wherein alterations in the copy number of the MCR and/or alterations in the amount, structure, and/or activity of one or more of the markers in the MCR is correlated with the presence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Abstract: A system (100) for classifying a biological test sample, including a database (112) populated with reference expression data. The reference expression data includes expression levels of a plurality of molecules (polynucleotides or polypeptides), including a set of marker molecules, in a plurality of reference samples. Each reference sample has a pre-assigned value for each of one or more clinically significant variables. The system includes at least one processor (110) and at least one storage medium containing program instructions for execution by said processor (110). The program instructions cause the processor to accept (122) input expression data including a test vector of expression levels of the marker molecules in the biological test sample; and pass the input expression data to one or more analysis programs (130a, 130b, 35).

Abstract: There is provided herein methods and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, along with methods of identifying anti-pancreatic cancer agents.

Abstract: Methods for detecting, diagnosing and monitoring an epithelial cancer in a patient are described comprising measuring in a sample from the patient Ep-ICD polypeptides and Ep-ICD polynucleotides. Methods for prognosis of breast cancer comprising measurement of nuclear Ep-ICD polypeptides and optionally EpEx polypeptides are provided. The invention also provides kits and compositions for carrying out the methods of the invention. The invention also provides a unique scoring system using immunohistochemical analysis to arrive at an Ep-ICD Subcellular Localization Index (ESLI) score, which is used to arrive at a diagnosis of cancer in a patient, or, more particularly, to identify patients that are in need of aggressive clinical treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides aptamers that specifically bind to the EGF receptor in a sample, and diagnostic and analytical methods using those aptamers. In some embodiments, the aptamers include a 3? cap. In some embodiments, the 3? cap is an inverted deoxythymidine. In some embodiments the aptamers include a spacer and at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of binding pair member and a detectable label, wherein the spacer is attached to the 5?-end of the aptamer and the moiety is attached the 5? end of the spacer. In some embodiments the spacer is hexaethylene glycol. In some embodiments, the binding pair member biotin. In some embodiments the detectable label is a fluorophore.

Abstract: Disclosed is a panel of biomarkers associated with angiogenesis, and the use of such biomarkers (genes, proteins, homologues and analogs thereof) to regulate angiogenesis. Methods for identifying compounds useful for regulating angiogenesis and conditions related thereto are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for isolating and detecting rare cells from a biological sample containing other types of cells, particularly including debulking that uses a microfabricated filter for filtering samples. The enriched rare cells can be used in a downstream process such as identification, characterization or growth in culture, or in other ways. Also included is a method of determining tumor aggressiveness or the number or proportion of cancer cells in the enriched sample by detecting telomerase activity, nucleic acid or expression after enrichment of rare cells. Also provided is an efficient, rapid method to specifically remove red and white blood cells from a biological sample containing at least one of the cell types, leading to enrichment of rare target cells including circulating tumor (CTC), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, fetal, stem, or non-hematopoietic cells et cetera from a blood sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and methods of detecting such mutations as well as prognostic methods method for identifying a tumors that are susceptible to anticancer therapy such as chemotherapy and/or kinase inhibitor treatment. The methods involve determining the presence of a mutated EGFR gene or mutated EGFR protein in a tumor sample whereby the presence of a mutated EGFR gene or protein indicates the tumor is susceptible to treatment.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for the prognostic evaluation of a patient suspected of having, or having, cancer by assessing the expression of IMP3 in a biological sample of a patient. Methods can be used at the time of initial diagnosis of malignant tumors to identify a group of patients with a high potential to develop progression or metastasis later. Therefore, methods not only are able to provide very useful prognostic information for patients but also can help clinicians to select a candidate patient likely to benefit from early and aggressive cancer therapy. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer associated with expression of IMP3 are also provided.

Abstract: Annexin A3 (ANAX3) is utilized as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the utilization of a monoclonal antibody against ANXA3 or antisense polynucleotide against ANXA3 mRNA for the suppression or treatment of HCC, alone or in combination with other HCC treatment. Monoclonal antibody against ANXA3 can be administered for the suppression of tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of biomarkers suitable for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of a number of cancers. In addition, the invention relates to improved methods for the identification and quantification of such biomarkers in samples taken from patients.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and kits for improved diagnosis of medically relevant conditions by solution based biochemical testing procedures performed in solutions of test samples. The invention provides a method to substitute the cell based morphological information contained within the cytological and/or histological data of the test sample by molecular information obtainable from the solution, wherein the original test sample is dissolved and thus enables for accurate and reproducible assessment of medically relevant diagnosis from dissolved test samples. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of determining the levels of one or more disease markers associated with the condition to be diagnosed, determining the level of one or more normalization markers suitable to substitute the information related to morphological aspects of the sample, comparing and/or combining the data of the disease and normalization markers, and assessing diagnosis of a medically relevant condition.

Abstract: A method of detecting a predisposition to, or the incidence of, cancer in a sample comprises detecting an epigenetic change in at least one gene selected from an NDRG4/NDRG2 subfamily gene, GATA4, OSMR, GATA5, SFRP1, ADAM23, JPH3, SFRP2, APC, MGMT, TFPI2, BNIP3, FOXE1, SYNE1, S0X17, PHACTR3 and JAM3, wherein detection of the epigenetic change is indicative of a predisposition to, or the incidence of, cancer. Also described are pharmacogenetic methods for determining suitable treatment regimens for cancer and methods for treating cancer patients, based around selection of the patients according to the methods of the invention. The present invention is also concerned with improved methods of collecting, processing and analyzing samples, in particular body fluid samples. These methods may be useful in diagnosing, staging or otherwise characterizing various diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of typing non-small cell lung cancer by determining RNA levels for a set of genes. The typing can be used for determining a metastasizing potential of the cancer cells. The invention further relates to a set of probes and a set of primers for typing non-small cell cancer cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for diagnosing prostate cancer and/or determining whether a prostate cancer patient is at increased risk of suffering a relapse, or a rapid relapse, of his cancer. It is based, at least in part, on the results of a comprehensive genome analysis on 241 prostate cancer samples (104 prostate cancer, 85 matched bloods, 49 matched benign prostate tissues adjacent to cancer, and 3 cell lines) which indicate that (i) genome copy number variation (CNV) occurred in both cancer and non-cancer tissues, and (ii) CNV predicts prostate cancer progression.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method for detecting the cancerous cells using the carbon nanotubes. The method comprises preparing a solution of the tissue cells. The prepared solution of the tissue cells is poured on a fabricated substrate to carry out an entrapment of the tissue cells on the substrate. The substrate is dried after the entrapment in an air ambient and observed under a scanning electron microscope. The cancer cell is detected based on the biomechanical properties such as softness, deformability and an elasticity of the cancer cells. The cancer cell is detected based on the deflection of the substrate due to the entrapment of the cancer cells.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system diagnosis of a disease or a disease condition whereby a single sample is prepared from a biological specimen which integrates synchronously the methods of protection, isolation and alteration of a biological specimen or a bio-molecule to isolate and study tissues and bio-molecules including DNA, large RNA, small RNA, protein, lipid, carbohydrates, and other metabolite simultaneously or individually resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the cause, prevention, risk, seriousness, confirmation, treatment, triage, and prognosis of a disease or a disease condition.