Abstract: The invention pertains to certain genetic variants that have been determined to be susceptibility variants of breast cancer. Methods of disease management, including diagnosing increased susceptibility to breast cancer, methods of predicting response to therapy and methods of predicting prognosis using such variants are described. The invention further relates to kits useful in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Provided are a double-stranded nucleic acid and use thereof in ribonuclease detection, and a ribonuclease detection method and use thereof in tumor detection and/or diagnosis. Specifically, a double-stranded nucleic acid substrate comprises at least one ribonuclease sensitive site. The activity and content of the ribonuclease in a sample are detected by analyzing the degradation of the double-stranded nucleic acid substrate by the ribonuclease. Also provided are a ribonuclease detection kit and a tumor detection kit.

Abstract: The invention relates inhibiting nucleic acids directed at mammalian homologues of the Drosophila fwe gene (Flower) and to antibodies against the respective proteins, and their use in diagnosing, preventing and treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention broadly claims a method for detecting cancer in an individual. The method comprises detecting a deletion in the nucleic acid sequence between residues 10743 and 12125 in mitochondrial DNA. The method comprises obtaining a biological sample from the individual; extracting the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the sample; quantifying the amount of mtDNA in the sample having a deletion in the nucleic acid sequence between residues 10743 and 14125 of the mtDNA genome; and comparing the amount of mtDNA in the sample having the deletion to at least one known reference sample.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, kit, or DNA chip for use in diagnosis of esophageal cancer, which comprises a plurality of polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides whose expression levels are varied in esophageal cancer tissues obtained from esophageal cancer patients when compared with cancer-free esophageal tissues obtained from esophageal cancer patients, mutants thereof, and fragments thereof, and to a method for detecting esophageal cancer using the composition, kit, or DNA chip.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancers associated with amplification or overexpression of the FGFR2 gene.

Abstract: A microwell device is provided. The device includes a plate having a upper surface. The upper surface has first and second recesses formed therein. Each recess has an outer periphery. First and second portions of microwells are formed in upper surface of the plate. The first portion of microwells are spaced about the outer periphery of the first recess and the second portion of microwells spaced about the outer periphery of the first recess. A first barrier is about a first portions of the microwells for fluidicly isolating the first portion of the microwells and a second barrier about a second portions of microwells for fluidicly isolating the second portion of the microwells.

Abstract: A method of imaging microscopic objects includes determining the relative depths of two or more semiconductor nanocrystals by analyzing images of the semiconductor nanocrystals at varying z-displacements.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of detecting a level of cell injury in a subject, the method comprising detecting an amount of extracellular telomeres in a biological sample from the subject. The amount of extracellular telomeres as compared to a control amount indicates the level of cell injury in the subject. Further provided is a kit for detecting a level of apoptosis in a subject, the kit comprises first and second nucleic acid sequences, wherein the first and second nucleic acid sequences hybridize with an extracellular telomere; and a container. The first and second nucleic acid sequences can comprise SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2.

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs (17-14 nucleotides). Due to their function as regulators of gene expression they play a critical role both in physiological and in pathological processes, such as cancer. The present invention provides novel methods for diagnosing a state of health based on the determination of specific miRNAs that have altered expression levels in different conditions, e.g. disease states compared to healthy controls.

Abstract: A multidimensional profiling strategy that combines activity-based proteomics and metabolomics was used to determine that an active protein, which is a previously uncharacterized enzyme highly elevated in aggressive cancer cells, serves as a central node in an ether lipid signaling network that bridges platelet-activating factor and the lysophospholipids. Biochemical studies confirmed that the active protein regulates this pathway by hydrolyzing the metabolic intermediate 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol. Inactivation of the active protein disrupted ether lipid metabolism in cancer cells and impaired cell migration and tumor growth in vivo.

Abstract: A method for detecting biomarkers of prostate cancer or other medical condition of the prostate based on the use of microvesicles obtained from urine samples, and the nucleic acids present in the microvesicles. The method disclosed herein are advantageous in that they may be used to support diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, or therapy selection in lieu of or in conjunction with traditional biopsy-based diagnostics and do not require a digital rectal examination or prostate massage prior to urine sample collection.

Abstract: Provided are: a method for detecting bladder cancer with high detection sensitivity, which has a high specificity for bladder cancer and is capable of detecting bladder cancer tissues with low grade of malignancy; and a bladder cancer marker. A method for detecting bladder cancer cells, which comprises detection of the amount of expressed bladder cancer marker in a subject sample collected from a subject, said bladder cancer marker being composed of one or more miRNAs selected from among miR-124, miR-9 and miR-137; a primer which is used in the method for detecting bladder cancer cells; and a bladder cancer marker.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of aiding in a renal cell carcinoma prognosis that include quantifying expressed carbonic anhydrase in samples derived from renal cell carcinoma patients. The methods also identify patients that are likely to respond positively to selected courses of treatment. The invention further provides related computer program products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for in vitro establishing, or diagnosing, high grade or low grade prostate cancer in a sample, preferably from a readily obtainable sample such as an urine, a prostatic fluid or ejaculate sample or a processed, or derived sample thereof, originating from human individual suspected of suffering from prostate cancer using expression level analysis of a combination of two, or three molecular markers for prostate cancer selected from DLX1, HOXC6 and HOXD10. The present invention further relates to the use in expression level analysis of these combined markers for in vitro establishing high grade or low grade prostate cancer and to a kit of parts providing expression analysis of combinations of the present molecular markers for establishing high grade or low grade prostate cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel genetic markers associated with endometriosis and risk of developing endometriosis, and methods and materials for determining whether a human subject has endometriosis or is at risk of developing endometriosis and the use of such risk information in selectively administering a treatment that at least partially prevents or compensates for an endometriosis related symptom.

Abstract: Provided are methods for screening a subject for cancer. The methods involve obtaining a blood sample from the subject and determining a level of Bridging Integrator 1 (BIND isoforms comprising exon 12a in the sample. Optionally, the method involves determining a level of 12a+/13? BIN isoform (comprising exon 12a but lacking exon 13) in the sample. An elevated level of 12a+ (e.g., 12a+/13?) BIN1 isoforms in the blood sample indicates the subject has cancer. Also provided are methods for determining efficacy of a cancer therapy in a subject and methods of treating cancer. Isolated antibodies that selectively bind human 12a+ BIN1 are also provided as well as kits for determining 12a+/13? BIN1 isoforms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agents and methods for screening, diagnosis and surveillance of cancer, in particular pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to isolating nucleic acids. In particular, the technology relates to methods and kits for extracting multiple DNA targets from human stool samples.

Abstract: Phosphorylation of histones was observed at certain tyrosine residues which have not been associated with epigenetic modification. These sites include H2B Tyr37, H4 Tyr88 and Tyr 51 and H3 Tyr99. Kinases responsible for the phosphorylation as well as downstream genes regulated by such phosphorylation were also identified. Antibodies that are specific to such phosphorylated histones have been generated, which are useful for detecting the phosphorylation and related events. With such findings, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy selection, in particular for cancer, obesity and diabetes.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody for detecting or capturing an exosome, selected from the group consisting of a monoclonal antibody or antibody fragments thereof that recognize amino acid numbers 113 to 195 of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, a monoclonal antibody or antibody fragments thereof that recognize amino acid numbers 104 to 202 of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, a monoclonal antibody or antibody fragments thereof that recognize amino acid numbers 36 to 54 of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and a monoclonal antibody or antibody fragments thereof that recognize amino acid numbers 113 to 201 of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, each capable of detecting or capturing an exosome. The monoclonal antibody for detecting an exosome of the present invention is capable of detecting CD9, CD63 or CD81 on the exosome in a living body with an excellent sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract: The present invention provides biological markers associated with gastric cancer. In particular, the present invention provides a method of diagnosing gastric cancer (GC) in a subject, the method including: measuring an expression level of one or more proteins in the subject, wherein the one or more proteins are selected from the group consisting of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), clusterin, insulin like growth factor binding protein complex acid labile subunit (IGFALS), and afamin; comparing the expression level of the or each protein in the subject to a reference expression level for the or each protein; and diagnosing GC in the subject on the basis of the comparison.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of detecting tumor cells are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of detecting tumor cells comprises providing a device, the device comprising a substrate surface and a plurality of first aptamer probes attached to the substrate surface. The method further comprises contacting a plurality of cells with the plurality of first aptamer probes attached to the substrate surface; adhering one or more of the plurality of cells to the substrate surface; and measuring a non-uniformity parameter, a Hausdorff distance, a change in the number of pseudopods, and/or a shape of at least one adhered cell. In some cases, the method further comprises using the non-uniformity parameter, Hausdorff distance, change in the number of pseudopods, and/or shape of the adhered cell to identify the adhered cell as a tumor cell or a non-tumor cell.

Abstract: Provided are RNA aptamer specifically binding to cancer metastasis-inducing domain of CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen), a composition for prevention and/or inhibition and/or diagnosis of cancer metastasis containing the same as an active ingredient, and a method of prevention and/or inhibition and/or diagnosis of cancer metastasis using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a DNA aptamer specifically binding to the Her2 (ERBB2) receptor involved in the onset of breast cancer, a composition for the suppression of cancer metastasis comprising the same as an active ingredient, and a composition for the diagnosis of cancer comprising the same as an active ingredient. Due to its binding mechanism being different from that of the conventional antibody, the aptamer can be effectively used for suppressing cancer metastasis and diagnosing cancer.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for preventing or treating neoplastic disease in a mammalian subject. A composition is provided which comprises an enriched immune cell population reactive to a human endogenous retrovirus type E antigen on a tumor cell. A method of treating a neoplastic disease in a mammalian subject is provided which comprises administering to a mammalian subject a composition comprising an enriched immune cell population reactive to a human endogenous retrovirus type E antigen, in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate the neoplastic disease or to prevent its occurrence or recurrence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of typing colorectal cancer cells by determining the RNA levels of a set of signature genes. Said typing can be use for predicting a risk for recurrence of said colorectal cancer. The invention further relates to a set of genes that can be used for normalizing the RNA levels of said set of signature genes, and to micro-array comprising said set of signature genes.

Abstract: A method (10) for clinical decision support by comparison of multiple molecular signatures of biological data is provided. The method comprises comparing at least two of said molecular signatures are different kinds of molecular signatures. Furthermore, a device (70), a system (100), and a computer program product (200) and a use for clinical decision support, performing the steps according to the method (10) is provided.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns methods for the detection, diagnosis, and/or prognosis of cancer by analyzing centrosomal features. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving an image of one or more cells; selecting a region of interest in one cell; segmenting the region of interest to delineate at least one centrosomal; extracting one or more features from the segmented image; and analyzing the extracted features to diagnose cancer. In another embodiment, the progression of cancer can be predicted through analysis and classification of the extracted features. In one embodiment, the method can be performed by a quantitative cancer analysis system including a diagnosis module and/or a prognosis module. In one embodiment, the method can be performed using an image processing system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel antitumor agent that acts through a novel mechanism. The novel antitumor agent contains as an active ingredient a substance capable of inhibiting a cell cycle-dependent Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP). The RhoGAP is cell cycle-dependent and plays an important role in a process through which cancer cells acquire invasive capacity and/or metastatic capacity. The invasion and/or metastasis of cancer cells can be controlled by targeting the RhoGAP. Examples of the substance capable of inhibiting a cell cycle-dependent RhoGAP include an antisense oligonucleotide against a gene encoding the RhoGAP and an oligonucleotide that induces RNA interference of the gene. As the oligonucleotide, one containing an artificial nucleic acid such as BNA is preferred because of its excellent stability. The present invention also provides a screening method including selecting an antitumor agent capable of suppressing cancer cell invasion and/or metastasis through a novel mechanism.

Abstract: LKB1 mutation status and/or expression, YES expression and phosphorylation level; and/or CD24 expression are employed to predict melanoma prognosis and response to therapeutics. Inhibitors (including targeted inhibitors) of SRC family kinases (especially YES) are employed to treat melanoma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the in vitro diagnosis or prognosis of prostate cancer, which includes a step of detecting at least one expression product of at least one HERV nucleic acid sequence, the use of said nucleic acid sequences, once isolated, as one or more molecular marker(s) and a kit comprising at least one specific binding partner of at least one of the expression products of the HERV nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the diagnosis of malignant diseases comprising the steps Provision of a sample obtained from a bodily fluid or bodily excretion as well as Determination of the concentration of snRNA RNU2-1 or their fragments in the sample, as well as a kit for the performance of this diagnosis, and the use of probes specific to RNU2-1 and fragments thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are kits, compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, research and therapy, including but not limited to, cancer markers. In particular, the present invention relates to recurrent RNA fusions as diagnostic markers and clinical targets for leukemia.

Abstract: Fatostatin, a recently described inhibitor of SREBP activation, significantly reduces the level of mutant p53 binding to the HMG-CoA reductase gene promoter. Further, fatostatin treatment had a dramatic effect on normalizing the abnormal 3D morphology of 3 strains of breast cancer cells: MDA-468 cells, MDA-231 cells, and SKBR3 cells. The results show a functional interaction with SREBPs as being critical for mutant p53-mediated upregulation of the mevalonate pathway genes. At a clinical level, inhibition of the mevalonate pathway, either alone or in combination with other therapies, offers a novel, safe and much needed therapeutic option for tumors bearing mutant p53.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, research and therapy, including but not limited to, cancer markers. In particular, the present invention relates to recurrent gene fusions as diagnostic markers and clinical targets for prostate cancer.

Abstract: Methods are provided for diagnosing whether a subject has, or is at risk of developing, pancreatic cancer. The methods include measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in a biological sample derived from the subject's pancreas. An alteration in the level of the miR gene product in the biological sample as compared to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample, is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of diagnosis and prognostication of a hepatobiliary tumor, the method comprising the step of determining expression of MACC1 polypeptide or of a nucleic acid encoding said MACC1 polypeptide in a biological sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, kits, and methods for molecular profiling and cancer diagnostics, including but not limited to gene expression product markers, alternative exon usage markers, and DNA polymorphisms associated with cancer. In particular, the present invention provides molecular profiles associated with thyroid cancer, methods of determining molecular profiles, and methods of analyzing results to provide a diagnosis.

Abstract: Methods of detecting lung cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, are provided. Methods of detecting changes in the levels of one or more small RNAs associated with lung cancer are also provided. Compositions and kits are also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods for the use of gene expression measurements to classify or identify neuroendocrine cancer in samples obtained from a subject in a clinical setting, such as in cases of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples.

Abstract: Methods are provided for, inter alia, determining the presence of leukemia cells in a subject, determining the change or potential change in the number of leukemia cells in the subject with time, determining whether a tissue in a subject contains a plurality of leukemia cells or a plurality progenitor leukemia cells, and determining whether a leukemia therapy administered to a subject is capable of decreasing the number of leukemia cells in a tissue of the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibition of wild-type and certain mutant forms of human histone methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex which catalyzes the mono- through tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3-K27). In one embodiment the inhibition is selective for the mutant form of the EZH2, such that trimethylation of H3-K27, which is associated with certain cancers, is inhibited. The methods can be used to treat cancers including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Also provided are methods for identifying small molecule selective inhibitors of the mutant forms of EZH2 and also methods for determining responsiveness to an EZH2 inhibitor in a subject.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of identifying a subject as having B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) such as testing a sample from a subject for a mutation in one or more biomarkers. Also described are methods of classifying or monitoring a subject having, or suspected of having, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprising testing the same for a mutation in one or more biomarkers.

Abstract: The invention is embodied in methods for finding gene expression signatures of circulating melanoma cells, ovarian, breast, colorectal cancer cells, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, which signatures are effective in distinguishing the circulating cancer cell from normal circulating cells and can also distinguish between different types of circulating cancer cells.

Abstract: Provided is a composition that contains an antisense oligonucleotide to a micro RNA and is capable of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The present invention, as one aspect, relates to a composition for suppressing the growth of human cancer cells, the composition containing an antisense oligonucleotide to a micro RNA, wherein the micro RNA is selected from the group consisting of hsa-miR-133a, hsa-miR-133b, hsa-miR-346 and hsa-miR-361-3p. The present invention, as another aspect, relates to a composition for suppressing the growth of human head/neck cancer cells, the composition containing an antisense oligonucleotide to a micro RNA, wherein the micro RNA is selected from the group consisting of hsa-miR-92a, hsa-miR-133a, hsa-miR-133b, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-197, hsa-miR-328, hsa-miR-346, hsa-miR-361-3p, hsa-miR-605, hsa-miR-766, hsa-miR-1228, hsa-miR-1252, hsa-miR-1260 and hsa-miR-1271.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients. Specifically the invention relates to microRNA molecules associated with the prognosis of prostate cancer, as well as various nucleic acid molecules relating thereto or derived therefrom.

Abstract: This specification relates to Formalin-fixed embedded quality control material for use for validation, verification, and to run controls for molecular assays. The quality control material can be used for a variety of tissues and for a variety of molecular assays. The quality control material can be used in commercial labs for validation and limit-of-detection analyses.

Abstract: The present invention provides small molecules useful to affect cancer cells, along with related methods. The present compounds, formulations, kits and methods are useful for a variety of research, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. STAT3 inhibitors, particularly LLL12, are disclosed. The STAT3 inhibitors are useful to treat breast cancer in general and breast cancer initiating cells in particular.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods are provided for the identification of various objects, particularly circulating tumor cells. In one aspect the system includes, but is not limited to, a scanning system, an image storage system, and an analysis system. The analysis system preferably identifies desired objects, such as complete cells, based on various criteria, which may include cell nuclear area or volume, CD-45 negative status, and cytokeratine positive status. Preferably included is a slide for containing the cells during the imaging step, the well including a planar bottom surface, a border at the periphery of the well defining sides for the well, the border being adjacent the bottom surface of the well and providing a fluidic seal there between. The invention herein provides for a single imaging well, providing for substantially a monolayer of objects, e.g., cells.