Abstract: Compositions and methods for highly specific nucleic acid probes and primers are provided. The probe system comprises a complement strand and a protector stand that form a partially double-stranded probe. The reaction standard free energy of hybridization between the probe and target nucleic acid as determined by Expression 1 (?G°rxn=?G°t-TC??G°nh-PC+(?G°v-TC??G°h-PC)) is from about ?4 kcal/mol to about +4 kcal/mol. Alternatively, the reaction standard free energy of hybridization between the probe and target nucleic acid is determined by Expression 1 to be within 5 kcal/mol of the standard free energy as determined by Expression 2 (?R? ln(([P]0?[C]0)/[C]0)]), where the [P]0 term of Expression 2 equals the concentration of the protector strand and the [C]0 term of Expression 2 equals the concentration of the complement strand. In addition, a method for on-the-fly fine tuning of a reaction using the present probe is provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for nucleic acid amplification including contacting a double stranded nucleic acid with transposases bound to transposon DNA, wherein the transposon DNA includes a transposase binding site and an RNA polymerase promoter sequence, wherein the transposases/transposon DNA complex bind to target locations along the double stranded nucleic acid and cleave the double stranded nucleic acid into a plurality of double stranded fragments, with each double stranded fragment having the transposon DNA bound to each 5? end of the double stranded fragment, extending the double stranded fragments along the transposon DNA to make double stranded extension products having double stranded RNA polymerase promoter sequences at each end, contacting the double stranded extension products with an RNA polymerase to make a plurality of RNA transcripts of each double stranded extension product, reverse transcribing the RNA transcripts into single stranded copy DNA, forming complementary strands to the single strand

Abstract: The invention can be used to provide a more efficient and less error-prone method of detecting variants in DNA, such as SNPs and indels. The invention also provides a method for performing inexpensive multiplex assays. The invention also provides methods for detection of DNA sequences altered after cleavage by a targetable endonuclease, such as the CRISPR Cas9 protein from the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to microfluidics and, in particular, to systems and methods for determining cells using amplification. In one set of embodiments, cells are encapsulated within droplets and nucleic acids from the cells amplified within the droplets. The droplets may then be pooled together and the amplified nucleic acids can be determined using PCR or other suitable techniques. In some embodiments, techniques such as these can be used to detect relatively rare cells that may be present, e.g., if the droplets are amplified using conditions able to selectively amplify nucleic acids arising from the relatively rare cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing various metabolites from a gas-phase alkane compound using a Methylomonas sp. DH-1 strain, deposited under Accession Number KCTC18400P, or a transformant thereof. The method provided in the present invention enables more effective production of various metabolites from a gaseous alkane compound compared to the conventional method using methanotrophic bacteria, and thus, the method of the present invention can be widely used for production of a target material using a bioreactor.

Abstract: Embodiments of present disclosure are directed to methods for amplifying nucleic acid, comprising two steps: a first step of preparing a reaction mixture comprising the target nucleic acid and a second step of processing the reaction mixture in a thermocycler. During a first phase of the processing step, the thermocycler may be configured to heat the reaction mixture to a first temperature and cool the reaction mixture to a second temperature repeatedly for a first plurality of cycles. During the first phase, fluorescence probes do not anneal to template strands and do not emit fluorescence signals. During a second phase of the processing step, the thermocycler may heat the reaction mixture to a third temperature and cool the reaction mixture to a fourth temperature repeatedly for a second plurality of cycles.

Abstract: Described here is a method for reducing or preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the human subject a first composition comprising (a) an antigen-binding polypeptide that binds Pf-family bacteriophage, or (b) a vaccine against Pf-family bacteriophage. Also described is an antigen-binding polypeptide that binds specifically to a CoaB protein of Pf-family bacteriophage or fragment thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I wherein Fc and Fc? may be the same or different and are substituted ferrocenyl moieties having at least one ring substituent selected from sulfur-containing groups, phosphorus-containing groups, iodo, chloro, silyl, fluoroalkyl groups containing two or more fluorine atoms, heteroaryl, substituted phenyl, and cyano, wherein if present as sole substituent the cyano group is located on the proximal cyclopentadienyl ring; X is a spacer, Y is a spacer, Z is a spacer; and R is a linker group. Compound I may be used to make labelled substrates, functionalised compounds for making labelled substrates and may be used as labels in an electrochemical assay.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I are used as labels in an electrochemical assay: (I) in which: Fc and Fc? are substituted or unsubstituted ferrocenyl moieties, X is a C1 to C6 alkylene chain which is optionally interrupted by —O— or —NH—; Y is a C1 to C6 alkylene chain which is optionally interrupted by —O— or —NH—; Z is a C1 to C12 alkylene chain which may optionally be substituted and/or may optionally be interrupted by —O—, —S—, cycloalkyl, —CO—, —CON R1—, —NR1CO— or —NR1— in which R1 represents hydrogen or C1 to C4 alkyl; and R is a linker group. Compounds I are used to make labelled substrates, as well as functionalised compounds for making the labelled substrates.

Abstract: A system for continuous mutagenesis to facilitate directed evolution, the system including DNA polymerases carrying the novel K54E point mutation, and other point mutations including I709N, A759R, D424A (herein called K54E_LF Pol I) and this methods of use to produce and detect lines where mutagenesis is continuous and does not exhibit the usual decline in mutagenesis with sequential cloning.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to performing sandwich assays in droplets. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting a target analyte that involve forming a compartmentalized portion of fluid including a portion of a sample suspected of containing a target analyte and a sample identifier, a first binding agent having a target identifier, and a second binding agent specific to the target analyte under conditions that produce a complex of the first and second binding agents with the target analyte, separating the complexes, and detecting the complexes, thereby detecting the target analyte.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the detection and quantification of nucleic acids are provided. In certain embodiments, methods involve the use of cleavable probes that comprise a ribonucleotide position that is susceptible to endoribonuclease (e.g., RNase H) cleavage in the presence of target nucleic acid molecules. Probes of the embodiments may also comprise non-natural nucleotide linked to a reporter and/or quenching moiety.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for detecting the presence of a plurality of predetermined compounds in a sample using a plurality of tag moieties and at least one nanopore. This invention also provides methods for determining the quantity of each of a plurality of predetermined compounds in a sample using a plurality of tag moieties and at least one nanopore. This invention further provides methods for detecting interaction of at least two predetermined compounds using at least one tag moiety and at least one nanopore.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided for diagnosing, monitoring, or predicting preeclaimpsia in a pregnant woman, trisomy 18 and trisomy 21 in a fetus, as well as for detecting pregnancy in a woman, by quantitatively measuring in the maternal blood the amount of one or more RNA species derived from a set of genetic loci and comparing the amount of the RNA species with a standard control.

Abstract: A method for validating quantification of biomarkers, the biomarkers being quantified using a quantification technique of a selected type, and the method including determining a plurality of biomarker values, each biomarker value being indicative of a value measured or derived from a measured value, for at least one corresponding biomarker of the biological subject and being at least partially indicative of a concentration of the biomarker in a sample taken from the subject, determining at least one control value by determining a combination of biomarker values, comparing each control value to a respective control reference and determining if the biomarker values are valid using results of the comparison.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement container including a container body where a first region, a second region, and an intermediate region are continuously formed as an accommodation space accommodating a sample and an inlet is formed and a rotor which is arranged in the second region and rotated by an effect of magnetic force. The container body includes a wall portion which defines the accommodation space and at least a portion of which has a light transmitting property and a partitioning portion which partitions the intermediate region into one side and the other side in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The partitioning portion partitions the intermediate region into the one side and the other side so that a communication region which allows the one side and the other side to communicate with each other in the intermediate region remains.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a synthetic classifier including contacting at least a first and second samples derived from different groups of a cohort with a first plurality of peptides. The first plurality of peptides includes a first subset of peptides defining at least one naturally occurring amino acid sequence, and a second subset of peptides defining a plurality of variants of the first subset of peptides. The plurality of variants includes, for each one of the first subset of peptides, a variant peptide having at least one of a substitution, a deletion, an insertion, an extension, and a modification. The method further includes selecting at least one of the plurality of variants from the second subset of peptides, and defining a synthetic classifier including the at least one of the plurality of variants that distinguishes between samples derived from the first and second cohorts.

Abstract: A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for activating oligonucleotide aptamer-deactivated DNA polymerases, comprising cleaving the aptamer by endonuclease V enzymatic activity to reduce or eliminate binding of the oligonucleotide aptamer to the DNA polymerase, thereby activating DNA synthesis activity of the DNA polymerase in a reaction mixture. Mixtures for use in methods of the invention are also provided. The oligonucleotide aptamers of the present invention are circular and comprise one or more deoxyinosine nucleotides providing for aptamer-specific recognition and cleavage of the circular aptamer by the endonuclease V enzymatic activity. Exemplary oligonucleotide aptamers, mixtures and methods employing endonuclease V enzymatic activity are provided.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, employing a permissioned distributed ledger for the promotion of sustainable agriculture. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, from a purchaser of goods, payment data including a targeted payment amount and a product identifier; locating, on a permissioned distributed ledger, an attestation for a delivery of the purchased goods, the permissioned distributed ledger stores verified transactions within a supply chain for the purchased goods; processing the attestation for a delivery from a producer of the purchased goods to determine the producer of the purchased goods; providing payment information including the targeted payment amount to the producer through a producer application; receiving verification, based on biometric authentication, of an identity of the producer from the producer application; and releasing funds for the targeted payment amount to the producer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or preventing a cancer comprising, as an active ingredient, a polynucleotide derived from various miRNAs associated with cancer, a combination drug of the pharmaceutical composition and another antitumor agent, and a method for treating or preventing a cancer in a subject having the cancer using the pharmaceutical composition or the combination drug. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or preventing a cancer comprising, as an active ingredient, a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 (wherein when at least a part of the polynucleotide is DNA, uracil in a region corresponding to the DNA in the nucleotide sequence is replaced with thymine).

Abstract: A microfluidic analysis system (1) performs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on a bio sample. In a centrifuge (6) the sample is separated into DNA and RNA constituents. The vortex is created by opposing flow of a silicon oil primary carrier fluid effecting circulation by viscous drag. The bio sample exits the centrifuge enveloped in the primary carrier fluid. This is pumped by a flow controller (7) to a thermal stage (9). The thermal stage (9) has a number of microfluidic devices (70) each having thermal zones (71, 72, 73) in which the bio sample is heated or cooled by heat conduction to/from a thermal carrier fluid and the primary carrier fluid. Thus, the carrier fluids envelope the sample, control its flowrate, and control its temperature without need for moving parts at the micro scale.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules comprising a SNP site at position 1296 of bovine uterine milk protein (UTMP) coding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1), which SNP indicates a desirable productive life in a dairy cattle. Also disclosed are an array or a kit comprising the same, a method for detecting the SNPs, a method for progeny testing of cattle, and a method for selectively breeding of cattle.

Abstract: A bipartite graph structure is utilized to better store data. The bipartite graph structure may be used in a biochemical database to efficiently store a variety of molecules and processes that might occur between the molecules. Molecules are represented as molecule nodes, which may have metadata fields including a molecule name, a molecule type, a molecular formula, a sequence, a molecular charge, a set of molecular properties, and a set of component molecules. Processes operating on the molecules are represented by process nodes, which may have metadata fields including a process name, a set of process roles, a set of process properties, and a set of sub-processes. Edges, called roles, each associate a molecule node with a process node and represent the role the associated molecule plays in the associated process. The roles may contain metadata identifying the role type and the stoichiometry coefficient of the molecule in the process.

Abstract: A method of determining a nucleic acid sequence that includes steps of: (a) contacting a primed template nucleic acid with a series of mixtures for forming ternary complexes, wherein each of the mixtures includes a polymerase and nucleotide cognates for at least two different base types suspected of being present at the next template position of the template nucleic acid; (b) monitoring the next template position for ternary complexes formed by the series of mixtures, wherein a signal state indicates presence or absence of ternary complex formed at the next template position by each individual mixture, thereby determining a series of signal states that encodes a base call for the next template position; and (c) decoding the series of signal states to distinguish a correct base call for the next template position from an error in the base call.

Abstract: A method for assessing cancer comprising obtaining a biological sample of the subject, detecting a level of a C-terminal segment of moesin in the biological sample, wherein the level of the C-terminal segment of moesin detected in the biological sample of the subject is indicative of the subject developing or with an increased probability of developing cancer. The present application also provides a biomarker and a kit for assessing cancer, and uses of such biomarker. The present application also provides a method of treating cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid oligomers, including amplification oligomers, detection probes, and combinations thereof, for detection of one or more gastrointestinal pathogens selected from Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli. Also disclosed are methods of specific nucleic acid amplification and detection, including multiplex assays, using the disclosed oligomers, as well as corresponding reaction mixtures and kits.

Abstract: The present application discloses a magnetic microchip having a graph code as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The magnetic microchip comprises: a graph code comprising more than one opaque microstructure mainly consisting of colloid aggregates formed by aggregating magnetic solid particles, wherein adjacent magnetic solid particles are isolated at least by an organic molecule and/or an inorganic molecule; and a transparent encapsulating structure at least used for wrapping the opaque microstructure. The magnetic microchip of the present application is prepared by adopting a micromachining process and has high in machining precision and repeatability, the size difference between different batches or between different individuals at the same batch can be ignored, use is convenient, and accuracy of a detection result can be effectively ensured, thereby greatly improving analysis quality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for generating an amplified nucleic acid portion of a template nucleic acid, comprising obtaining said template nucleic acid, annealing at least one oligonucleotide primer to said template nucleic acid, annealing at least one oligonucleotide stopper to said template nucleic acid, elongating the at least one oligonucleotide primer in a template specific manner until the elongating product nucleic acid reaches the position of an annealed oligonucleotide stopper, whereby the elongation reaction is stopped, wherein in said elongation reaction said oligonucleotide stopper is not elongated, and wherein the elongated product nucleic acid is ligated to the 3? end of said oligonucleotide stopper—said stopper may also be a primer itself and uses and kits for performing said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in vitro methods for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), wherein the expression of the marker gene KIAA1199 is determined. In particular, the invention relates to an in vitro diagnostic method of assessing the susceptibility of a subject to develop progressive COPD involving the appearance of irreversible lung damage, wherein the expression of the marker gene KIAA1199 and optionally one or more further marker genes selected from DMBT1, TMSB15A, DPP6, SLC51B, NUDT11, ELF5, AZGP1, PRRX1, AQP3, SFN, GPR110, GDF15, RASGRF2, RND1, PLA1A, FGG, CEACAMS, HYAL2, AHRR, CXCL3, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, CST6, NTRK2, COMP, ITGA10, CTHRC1, TAL1, FIBIN, BEX5, BEX1, ESM1 and GHRL is determined.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the amount or activity of a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the amount or activity of a target nucleic acid is modulated through nonsense mediated decay.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are recombinant protein scaffolds and recombinant multifunctional protein scaffolds for use in producing antigen-binding proteins In addition, nucleic acids encoding such recombinant protein scaffolds, recombinant multifunctional protein scaffolds, and antigen-binding proteins are provided Vectors and cells useful for expression of the described proteins are also provided, as are methods of use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the labeling of nucleic acid polymers in vitro and in vivo. Certain methods are provided that include a [3+2] cycloaddition between a nucleotide analogue incorporated into a nucleic acid polymer and a reagent attached to a label. Other methods are provided that include a Staudinger ligation between a nucleotide analogue incorporated into a nucleic acid polymer and a reagent comprising a substituted triarylphosphine attached to a label. Such methods do not require fixation and denaturation and therefore can be applied to the labeling of nucleic acid polymers in living cells and in organisms. Also provided are methods for measuring cellular proliferation. In these methods, the amount of label incorporated into the DNA is measured as an indication of cellular proliferation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in vitro methods for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), wherein the expression of the marker gene KIAA1199 is determined. In particular, the invention relates to an in vitro diagnostic method of assessing the susceptibility of a subject to develop progressive COPD involving the appearance of irreversible lung damage, wherein the expression of the marker gene KIAA1199 and optionally one or more further marker genes selected from DMBT1, TMSB15A, DPP6, SLC51B, NUDT11, ELF5, AZGP1, PRRX1, AQP3, SFN, GPR110, GDF15, RASGRF2, RND1, PLA1A, FGG, CEACAMS, HYAL2, AHRR, CXCL3, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, CST6, NTRK2, COMP, ITGA10, CTHRC1, TAL1, FIBIN, BEX5, BEX1, ESM1 and GHRL is determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of biology, and in particular relates to a lytic composition and an application thereof, a kit, a method for preparing nucleic acid by utilizing the lytic composition, and a nucleic acid analysis method. A lytic product obtained in the present invention can be directly used for the nucleic acid analysis method without purifying the nucleic acid. According to the lytic composition disclosed by the present invention, multiple biological tissues and cells are lysed so as to release the nucleic acid of the cells into a solution, the nucleic acid in a whole-cell lysing and mixing state directly serves as a template without using a conventional nucleic acid separation and purification process after termination of the reaction, and nucleic acid amplification analysis is guided. For example, nucleic acid amplification is performed by a real-time fluorescence qPCR, etc.

Abstract: A method for detecting rare genomic variants in a population of cells is disclosed. The method can detect de novo mutations in bacteria and analyze the impact of various physiological conditions on mutation rate, even though such effects would be too subtle to detect using other methods. The method can be used for detection of low-frequency subpopulations in the microbiome or in cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of medicine, cell biology, molecular biology and genetics. In particular, the present invention provides methods to isolate and purify microvesicles from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of microvesicles to promote or enhance wound healing, stimulate tissue regeneration, remodel scarred tissue, modulate immune reactions, alter neoplastic cell growth and/or mobility, or alter normal cell growth and/or mobility. The present invention also provides compositions of microvesicles to be used as diagnostic reagents, and methods to prepare the compositions of microvesicles.

Abstract: An approach to designing a polynucleotide probe to hybridize selectively to a target polynucleotide sequence involves calculating the final concentration of the intended binding product between a candidate probe and the target sequence. The calculation takes into consideration the binding reaction between the candidate probe and the target fragment on the target sequence, as well as various other binding reactions, involving either the probe or the target fragment, that interfere with the intended binding reaction. In contrast to the conventional technology, which attempts to determine the entire structure of the target polynucleotide, this approach only needs to determine the binding dynamics that impact on the intended probe-target fragment binding. The approach does not require determination of the structure of the involved sequences.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for transferring a nucleic acid in vivo into skin cells wherein the nucleic acid is injected by intradermal (ID) injection and is electrically transferred into skin cells with a single pulse of a High Voltage, followed, after a defined lag time, by a single pulse of Low Voltage.

Abstract: The present invention regards specific IBAT inhibitors useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a liver disease. It also relates to compositions comprising these IBAT inhibitors, a method for treatment of the disorders and a kit comprising the substances or the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods of diagnosing and determining treatment strategies for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses.

Abstract: A method for determining the sequence of nucleotide bases in a polynucleotide analyte is provided. It is characterised by the steps of (1) generating a stream of single nucleotide bases from the analyte; (2) producing captured molecules by reacting each single nucleotide base with a capture system; (3) amplifying at least part of the captured molecule to produce a plurality of amplicons characteristic of the single nucleotide base; (4) labelling the amplicons with a corresponding probe having a characteristic detectable element and (5) detecting a property characteristic of the detectable element.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for transforming genomic data into a computer database environment comprising a forward lookup table and a plurality of reverse lookup tables which relate consecutive overlapping reference sequence segments to reference sequences stored in the forward lookup table enables rapid and precise matching of undefined biological sequences with reference sequences.

Abstract: A protease directed to a non-neuronal SNARE protein is described. The protease is produced by selective mutation of a botulinum neurotoxin light chain, and is characterized utilizing a reporting construct that includes all or part of the non-neuronal SNARE protein. Such a protease has utility in the treatment of diseases associated with hypersecretion, where the hypersecretion is mediated by a non-neuronal SNARE protein.

Abstract: This invention provides reagents and methods for diagnosing renal disease. Differential levels of inosine metabolite, and proteins: apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-II, fibrinogen alpha chain, or fibrinogen A-alpha chain, kininogen, Inter-Alpha Inhibitor H4 (ITIH4), keratin Type I cytoskeletol 10 cystatin A, cystatin B and other polypeptides and fragments thereof provide biomarkers of renal disease and are described herein.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for direct conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy are provided. The system can have a flow of ions, such as between an anode and a cathode. In between the flow of ions, is a membrane, either synthetic or biologically derived. Proteins are bound to that membrane. Further, the proteins are responsive to the ions and undergo a conformational shift, thus using the presence or absence of ions for creating movement. This portion can be referred to as a “kinetic cell”. A portion of the proteins, such as the aqueous portion, can be tethered to a moveable substrate, which translates the motion in the kinetic cell to the exterior. Multiple kinetic cells can be used in coordination to increase the kinetic force generated, analogous to a battery stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the detection of a target nucleotide sequence in a sample based on an oligonucleotide ligation assay wherein probes are used that contain (a combination of) sequence-based identifiers that can identify the sample and the target sequence (i.e. locus and/or allele combination) wherein after the ligation step, the ligated probes, or after amplification, the amplified ligated probes, are restricted using restriction enzymes to cut of part of the probes and continue with those parts (identifiers and target sequence) that contain the relevant information in the sequencing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides molecular biosensors capable of signal amplification, and methods of using the molecular biosensors to detect the presence of a target molecule.

Abstract: Compositions that are used in nucleic acid amplification in vitro are disclosed, which include a target specific universal (TSU) promoter primer or promoter provider oligonucleotide that includes a target specific (TS) sequence that hybridizes specifically to a target sequence that is amplified and a universal (U) sequence that is introduced into the sequence that is amplified, by using a primer for the universal sequence. Methods of nucleic acid amplification in vitro are disclosed that use one or more TSU oligonucleotides to attached a U sequence to a target nucleic acid in a target capture step and then use a primer for a U sequence in subsequent amplification steps performed in substantially isothermal conditions to make amplification products that contain a U sequence that indicates the presence of the target nucleic acid in a sample.

Abstract: An objective cell is irradiated with laser beam of a predetermined wavelength. Only Stokes light is selected out of detected light including reflected light and scattered light of the laser beam, and a Raman scattering spectrum is obtained by dispersion of the selected Stokes light. A transcriptome of the objective cells is estimated, based on the Raman scattering spectrum. It is preferable to estimate the transcriptome of the objective cells, based on N-dimensional Raman data obtained by dimensional reduction of the Raman scattering spectrum. This configuration only needs to irradiate the objective cell with the laser beam and does not require to destroy the objective cell. As a result, this enables the transcriptome of the cell to be estimated in a short time period without destroying the cell.