Abstract: A microorganism is disclosed for degrading toxic waste materials into more environmentally acceptable materials. Processes for utilizing the microorganism in a sequencing batch reactor, and for treating industrial and municipal wastes, such as chemical waste landfill leachate and chemical process wastewater, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A microbial process is provided for selectively plugging a high permeability stratum or zone in a subterranean reservoir. Starved bacteria of reduced size are injected into the zone. A poor-nutrient media is either simultaneously or subsequently thereafter injected into the zone to substantially uniformly resuscitate the starved bacteria. Thereupon, the bacteria regain full cell size, proliferate, and commence production of biofilm-forming exocellular polysaccharides. The biofilm is functional to selectively seal off the high permeability zone of the formation and reduce aqueous flow through the zone.

Abstract: A method for degrading linalool using Pseudomonas strains is described. Also described are novel Pseudomonas putida strains which degrade linalool and in some instances geraniol and citronellol. A method for producing 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one using certain novel strains is also described.

Abstract: L-phenylalanine is produced by using a microorganism belonging to the species Citrobacter freundii, Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Flavobacterium suaveolens, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Paracoccus denitrificans, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus sphaericus, Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus, Kluyvera micum or Microbacterium ammoniaphilum and having the ability to convert phenylpyruvic acid into L-phenylalanine in the presence of an amino group donor; or fumaric acid and ammonium ion or urea.

Abstract: An enzyme composition comprising a D-2-haloalkanoic acid halidohydrolase, bacteria containing said enzyme, a process for the preparation of said enzyme as a cell-free composition and a process in which the enzyme is used to increase the concentration of the L-enantiomer in a mixture of the D- and L-enantiomers of a 2-haloalkanoic acid. Preferably the 2-haloalkanoic acid is 2-bromo- or 2-chloro-propionic acid and the process for increasing the concentration is carried out under anaerobic conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides novel strains of microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas putida Biotype A) which are capable of converting substrates such as toluene or catechol to muconic acid quantitatively by the ortho (catechol 1,2-oxygenase) pathway.Muconate lactonizing enzyme is not induced in the microorganism, thereby permitting the muconic acid to be produced and accumulated in a quantity greater than one gram of muconic acid per liter of bioconversion medium.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the bioconversion of a non-growth aromatic feed to an accumulated quantity of 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde metabolite.2-Hydroxysemialdehyde is a useful intermediate for subsequent conversions to picolinic acid and pyridine.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the bioconversion of a non-growth aromatic feed to an accumulated quantity of a 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde intermediate, which subsequently is converted by chemical means to picolinic acid and pyridine products.

Abstract: Environments contaminated with toxic halogenated organic compounds are decontaminated at an accelerated rate by addition of (1) microorganisms which are non-indigenous to the environment and which metabolize the contaminant at a greater rate than microorganisms indigenous to the environment and (2) a non-toxic analog of the halogenated organic compound.

Abstract: A method for screening bacteria to select strains which will suppress Pythium spp. in small grain crops under field conditions and a method for applying field-suppressive bacteria to suppress Pythium spp. in a commercial setting are described. Four Pseudomonas strains which passed the screen test are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of p-cresol in a quantitative yield, which involves the acidification of an aqueous solution of 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure to cause spontaneous decomposition of the starting material to p-cresol. The aqueous solution of 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid is produced by microbiological conversion of p-xylene with Pseudomonas putida Biotype A strain ATCC 39119.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved bioconversion system in which a non-growth organic substrate is bio-oxidized to a carboxylic acid product, and the carboxylic acid product is recovered as a precipitate and the resultant fermentation broth is suitable for recycle to the bioreactor. A useful water-insoluble salt is also recovered as a byproduct of the process.

Abstract: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is produced by contacting adenosine with D-homocysteine in an aqueous medium in the presence of cells or treated cells of a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas having the ability to racemize D-homocysteine to DL-homocysteine and in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, to synthesize S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, and thereafter collecting it.

Abstract: A bacterial method and compositions for degrading isoprenoids using selected Pseudomonas strains, particularly strains of Pseudomonas putida, are described. Plasmid pSRQ50 in the selected Pseudomonas strains was isolated from an isoprenoid rich environment. pSRQ50 is not naturally transmissible by conjugation and was found to encode for isoprenoid degradation. In addition, a method and compositions utilizing vector plasmid pRO1742 (pRO1600:Tn904) or other Tn904 containing vectors for transferring pSRQ50 and other transfer related plasmids by conjugal mating is described. Isoprenoids, such as citronellol and geraniol, from citrus wastes are degraded by the Pseudomonas strains.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for bioconversion of an organic substrate (e.g., ethylbenzene or catechol) to muconic acid.This invention further provides a procedure for constructing novel strains of microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas putida Biotype A) which are capable of converting an organic substrate to muconic acid quantitatively by the ortho (catechol 1,2-oxygenase) pathway.Muconate lactonizing enzyme is not induced in the microorganisms, thereby permitting the muconic acid to be produced and accumulated in a quantity greater than one gram of muconic acid per liter of growth medium.

Abstract: .alpha.-L-aspartylphenylalanine lower alkyl esters are prepared by a process wherein fumaric acid, ammonia and a lower alkyl ester of L-phenylalanine are contacted with a culture or treated culture of a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, and being capable of producing a .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower alkyl ester from fumaric acid, ammonia and a lower alkyl ester of L-phenylalanine.

Abstract: Bacteriophage-resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are employed for enhancing the yield of root crops, such as potatoes, sugar beets, radishes and the like, grown in soils which are infected by bacteriophage which limit the root colonization by the corresponding wild-type rhizobacteria.The strain SH5 PR3 was deposited at the ATCC for patent purposes on Jan. 20, 1983, and granted Accession No. 39270.

Abstract: Mutant microorganism, Pseudomonas putida CB-173 degrading phenolics, and at a temperature as low as, e.g., about 1.degree. to 4.degree. C., at a faster rate than known Pseudomonas putida type strains, and process for treating wastewater containing phenolics using the mutant microorganism strain Pseudomonas putida CB-173.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of p-cresol in a quantitative yield, which involves the acidification of an aqueous solution of the starting material, 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid, under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure to cause spontaneous decomposition of the starting material to p-cresol. The starting material is produced with Pseudomonas putida Biotype A strain ATCC 39119.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved fermentation process for bioconversion of toluene to muconic acid.The process involves operating the bioconversion system under phosphate-limiting conditions so as to achieve an increase in specific muconic acid productivity with a stabilized population of microorganism such as an ATCC No. 31,916 type of Pseudomonas putida Biotype A mutant strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of p-cresol in a quantitative yield, which involves the acidification of an aqueous solution of 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure to cause spontaneous decomposition of the starting material to p-cresol. The 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid is produced by the conversion of p-xylene with the microorganism, Pseudomonas putida Biotype A strain ATCC No. 39119.

Abstract: Microbial synthesis of indigo dyestuff in indole-free media is disclosed. Indigo production is preferably accomplished by genetic transformation of selected host cells having the capacity to produce and accumulate indole (either as a result of endogenous genomic capacity or genetic transformation) to incorporate the capacity for synthesis of an aromatic dioxygenase enzyme. Growth of transformed cells under suitable conditions facilitates aromatic dioxygenase enzyme catalyzed oxidative transformation of cellular indole, with consequent formation of indigo from the oxidized reaction products. In a highly preferred embodiment, E. coli cells having endogenous indole production capacity are transformed with a DNA expression vector comprising the structural gene for naphthalene dioxygenase, resulting in the microbial synthesis of isolatable quantities of indigo.

Abstract: Preparation of 1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexadienes by a biochemical process using strains of Pseudomonas putida. The dihydroxy compounds can be converted into novel 1,2-disubstituted-cyclohexadienes. Certain of the novel compounds are useful as intermediates for the production of polymers.

Abstract: .alpha.-L-aspartylphenylalanine lower alkyl esters are prepared by a process wherein L-aspartic acid and a lower alkyl ester of L-phenylalanine are contacted with a culture or treated culture product of a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula or Sporobolomyces and being capable of producing a .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower alkyl ester from L-aspartic acid and a lower alkyl ester of L-phenylalanine.

Abstract: This invention provides a continuous bioconversion process in which a cross-flow membrane filtration zone is employed to recover a whole cell-containing retentate stream and a cell-free bioconversion product-containing permeate stream. The retentate stream is recycled to the fermentation zone. In a specific embodiment, toluene is bio-oxidized to muconic acid with a microorganism such as Pseudomonas putida Biotype A strain ATCC 31,916. The muconic acid is recovered as a precipitate from the cell-free permeate fermentation broth, and the fermentation broth is recycled in the process.

Abstract: Plants susceptible to pathogenic fungi are contacted with a mutant strain of Pseudomonas putida, particularly Pseudomonas putida NRRL-B-12537 which produces iron complexing siderophores thereby affording protection from the fungi. The Pseudomonas competes with the fungi for iron found in the soil thereby inhibiting the fungi growth. The method is particularly effective in controlling Fusarium oxysporum Sp lycopersici on tomato plants.

Abstract: Compositions of selected strains of Pseudomonas bacteria having the ability to utilize halogenated aromatic compounds as a sole carbon source are described. The bacteria are isolated from environments where they have been in long association with halogenated aromatic compounds, usually analagous compounds. First L-tryptophan and then a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon are used as sole carbon sources for isolating and testing the selected strains. The isolated Pseudomonas strains are Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas sp. NRRL-B-12,538 or NRRL-B-12,539 or transfer derivatives thereof and are useful for degrading halogenated aromatic pollutants, particularly mono- and di-chloroaromatics.

Abstract: Mutant microorganism, Pseudomonas putida CB-173 degrading phenolics, and at a temperature as low as, e.g., about 1.degree. to 4.degree. C., at a faster rate than known Pseudomonas putida type strains, and process for treating wastewater containing phenolics using the mutant microorganism strain Pseudomonas putida CB-173.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aryl acylamidase enzyme involves culturing bacteria of one of the strains Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 39005 (or suitable mutants or variants thereof) or Pseudomonas putida ATCC 39004 (or suitable mutants or variants thereof) in a culture medium in which the bacterial strains produce aryl acylamidase and collecting the enzyme containing material, generally the cell material. Preferably the resulting cells are then disrupted, especially by enzymatic treatment, and the aryl acylamidase is separated from the other unwanted substances, generally the other cell constituents.Preferably the culture medium contains N-acylaniline, especially N-acetyl aniline. The N-acylaniline may form part of a complex or defined salts medium.

Abstract: A method for the estimation of an anilide in which the anilide is first hydrolyzed enzymatically to an aniline and then the quantity of the aniline produced is estimated spectrophotometrically preferably colorimetrically.The hydrolysis of the anilide may be catalyzed by any enzyme of the type, EC 3.5.1.13, known as aryl acylamidases. Preferably enzymes isolated from the cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 39005 or Pseudomonas putida ATCC 39004 are employed.The aniline may be analyzed, for example, by conversion to an indamine, an indophenol or an indoaniline, followed by colorimetric analysis of the colored quinone-type compound produced. This conversion may take place in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such as a copper (II) salt, and/or a base, such as ammonia.A diagnostic kit to allow the routine use of the above method is also provided.

Abstract: A microorganism strain B-0781 belonging to the genus Pseudomonas isolated from a soil sample from an onion field in Japan, produces a novel enzyme nucleoside oxidase having substrate specificity on various nucleosides and enzyme action to catalyze enzymatic reactions involving various nucleosides. The novel nucleoside oxidase is produced by culturing a nucleoside-oxidase-producing microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas in a nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen and inorganic salt, and isolating the thus-formed nucleoside oxidase from the cultured cells. Various nucleoside-5'-carboxylic acids can be produced, by incubating the novel nucleoside oxidase with a nucleoside having a 5'-hydroxymethyl group, in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions, and isolating the thus-formed nucleoside-5'-carboxylic acid from the incubation medium.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for microbiological oxidation of toluene to muconic acid.The toluene oxidation is achieved with novel strains of microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas putida Biotype A) which are capable of converting toluene to muconic acid quantitatively by the ortho (.beta.-ketoadipate) pathway.Munonate lactonizing enzyme is not induced in the microorganism, thereby permitting the muconic acid to be produced and accumulated in a quantity greater than one gram of muconic acid per liter of conversion medium.

Abstract: Mutant microorganism, Pseudomonas putida CB-173 degrading phenolics, and at a temperature as low as, e.g., about 1.degree. to 4.degree. C., at a faster rate than known Pseudomonas putida type strains, and process for treating wastewater containing phenolics using the mutant microorganism strain Pseudomonas putida CB-173.

Abstract: A process for removing oleaginous materials containing those of animal origin from wastewater comprising treating wastewater containing oleaginous material with a microbial combination of:(a) a microorganism of the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ; and(b) at least one of:(i) a microorganism of the genus Bacillus; and(ii) a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas other than the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ;and the microbial combination of:(a) a microorganism of the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ; and(b) at least one of:(i) a microorganism of the genus Bacillus; and(ii) a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas other than the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for removing oleaginous materials containing those of animal origin from wastewater comprising treating wastewater containing oleaginous material with a microbial combination of:(a) a microorganism of the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ; and(b) at least one of:(i) a microorganism of the genus Bacillus; and(ii) a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas other than the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ; and the microbial combination of:(a) a microorganism of the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2 ; and(b) at least one of:(i) a microorganism of the genus Bacillus; and(ii) a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas other than the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant SGRR.sub.2.

Abstract: Unique microorganisms have been developed by the application of genetic engineering techniques. These microorganisms contain at least two stable (compatible) energy-generating plasmids, these plasmids specifying separate degradative pathways. The techniques for preparing such multi-plasmid strains from bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are described. Living cultures of two strains of Pseudomonas (P. aeruginosa [NRRL B-5472] and P. putida [NRRL B-5473]) have been deposited with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Marketing and Nutrient Research Division, Peoria, Ill. The P. aeruginosa NRRL B-5472 was derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1c by the genetic transfer thereto, and containment therein, of camphor, octane, salicylate and naphthalene degradative pathways in the form of plasmids. The P.

Abstract: A process for the production of polysaccharide consisting of a partially acetylated variable block copolymer of D-mannuronic and L-guluronic acid residues, comprises cultivating in a nutrient medium therefor a strain of Pseudomonas, which is non-pathogenic to humans, and which has been obtained by treating a non-mucoid species of Pseudomonas, which is non-pathogenic to humans, with a .beta.-lactam or aminoglycoside antibiotic whereby a mucoid strain tolerant to said antibiotic was selected, and isolating from the medium the polysaccharide produced.

Abstract: L-carnitine is obtained by reacting 3-dehydrocarnitine or one of its salts, in aqueous medium, simultaneously with: (a) carnitine dehydrogenase,(b) a coenzyme utilized by carnitine dehydrogenase for reducing dehydrocarnitine, preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and(c) a reducing agent for the coenzyme, the coenzyme (b) and carnitine dehydrogenase being preferably used in catalytic amount.

Abstract: A process for producing Coenzyme Q which comprises cultivating a microorganism belonging to genus Pseudomonas in a culture medium to which at least one member selected from the group consisting of isopentenyl alcohol (3-methyl-3-butene-1-ol), dimethyl allyl alcohol (3-methyl-2-butene-1-ol), geraniol, isopentenyl acetate, dimethyl allyl acetate, geranyl acetate and .beta.-methyl crotonic acid is added, and obtaining thus formed Coenzyme Q.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of optically active .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids, especially a process for the manufacture of optically pure D- or L-.alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids.