Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to a process that enables preparing optically pure (S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing &agr;-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharide with adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidation and esterification sequentially under a specific condition. wherein, R represents linear or branched alkyl group with 1˜5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides thermophilic alkaliphilic bacteria designated Thermopallium natronophilum and thermophilic alkaliphilic polypeptides obtainable therefrom. It also provides compositions, particularly detergent compositions comprising the polypeptides.

Abstract: Process for preparing surfactant, which comprises contacting cane trash, maize by-products, sorghum by-products, barley by-products, rice by-products, fruits, chicory pulp, tubers or cynara for at least 5 seconds with a hydrolysing agent selected from an aqueous acid solution at between 20 and 150.degree. C. and an enzymatic hydrolysing composition of a plant material at between 20 and 90.degree. C. to obtain a sugar syrup, freeing the sugar syrup from any solid residues and contacting the residue-free sugar syrup with a C.sub.4-22 -alcohol at a temperature of between 20 and 150.degree. C., preferably between 30 and 110.degree. C., until a solution of surfactant glycosides is obtained, and separating the surfactant glycosides from this solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the simultaneous production of converted and non-converted sugar and/or non-sugar products. The process is especially adapted to the simultaneous production of isomaltulose and/or trehalulose, and betaine or invert sugar from plant derived juices. Sucrose in said juices are enzymatically converted into isomaltulose and trehalulose and the target products are separately recovered from the resulting solution. The isomaltulose may be further converted into isomalt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of saccharide preparations, i.e., syrups, by saccharifying a liquefied starch solution, which method comprises a saccharification step during which step one or more enzymatic saccharification stages takes place, and the subsequent steps of one or more high temperature membrane separation steps, and re-circulation of the saccharification enzyme, in which method the membrane separation steps are carried out as an integral part of the saccharification step. In another specific aspect, the invention provides a method of producing a saccharide preparation, which method comprises an enzymatic saccharification step, and the subsequent steps of one or more high temperature membrane separation steps and re-circulation of the saccharification enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of saccharide preparations, i.e., syrups, by saccharifying a liquefied starch solution, which method comprises a saccharification step during which step one or more enzymatic saccharification stages takes place, and the subsequent steps of one or more high temperature membrane separation steps, and recirculation of the saccharification enzyme, in which method the membrane separation steps are carried out as an integral part of the saccharification step.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the manufacture of a starch hydrolysate with high dextrose content comprising the stages of:(a) liquefying starch milk with the aid of an .alpha.-amylase so as to obtain a liquefied starch milk;(b) saccharifying the liquefied starch milk, with the aid of a glucogenic enzyme, to obtain a raw saccharified hydrolysate;(c) separating the raw saccharified hydrolysate by nanofiltration over membranes so as to collect a nanofiltration permeate constituting said starch hydrolysate with high dextrose content and a nanofiltration retentate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a starch composition containing a relatively high proportion of so called "resistant starch" structures.

Abstract: A high solids, enzyme conversion process for preparing an enzyme-converted starch is carried out by adding to a modified or unmodified starch, preferably a granular starch, water and an enzyme in an amount sufficient to produce a single phase powdered mixture without a visible free water phase. The enzyme is activated by heating while maintaining a substantially constant moisture content in the mixture. The enzyme converted starch is recovered as a syrup, a granular converted starch, or mixtures thereof, or as a powder obtained by drying the syrup.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for the production of isomalto-oligosaccharides syrups. The method comprises the use of enzymes immobilized on a re-usable carrier. The carrier is preferably an anion exchanger. The enzymes used for the conversion of starch hydrolysates are transglucosidase and pullulanase preferably these enzymes are co-immobilized. The carrier/enzyme conjugate is further reinforced by cross-linking.

Abstract: A thermostable trehalose phosphorylase which is obtainable from microorganisms of the genus Thermoanaerobium and which hydrolyzes trehalose in the presence of an inorganic phosphoric acid to form D-glucose and .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid. The trehalose phosphorylase can be also prepared by recombinant DNA technology. When the enzyme is allowed to contact with .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid as a saccharide donor in the presence of other saccharides, glucosyl-transferred saccharides including glucosyl-D-galactoside, which are conventionally known but scarcely obtainable, can be produced on an industrial-scale and in a relatively-low cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel thermostable pullulanases obtainable from Pyrodictium.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a carbohydrate or a glycoconjugate without forming any hydrolytic product of the remodeled sugar chain.A process for producing a carbohydrate or a glycoconjugate by a remodeling reaction in the presence of a glycosidase which performs the remodeling reaction in an aqueous medium containing a water-soluble ketone and/or dioxane. Examples of the glycosidase include endoglycosidases such as Endo-A. Examples of the ketone include acetone.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified starches which are prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of a starch molecule using glucoamylase after the preparation of a starch derivative containing a hydrophobic group or both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group, particularly octenyl succinic anhydride starch hydrolyzed by glucoamylase. Such modified starches are useful as emulsifying and/or encapsulating agents, particularly in systems where high load and retention of the active ingredient, low surface oil exposure, and excellent oxidation resistance is desired.

Abstract: In the production of non-reducing saccharides such as trehalose, alpha-glycosyl trehaloses and alpha-glycosyl alpha-glycosides where a solution of liquefied starch is subjected either to non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme or non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme and trehalose-releasing enzyme, combinations with starch-debranching enzyme and/or cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase improve the yields for such non-reducing saccharides to levels which are hardly attainable only with reducing-saccharide-forming enzyme and trehalose-releasing enzyme. The non-reducing saccharides and less reducing reducing saccharides containing the same commonly bear a variety of desirable properties which make them useful in a variety of compositions including food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: Novel crystalline maltosyl glucoside is obtained by crystallizing maltosyl glucoside from a maltosyl glucoside solution, prepared by exposing either an aqueous solution containing trehalose and an .alpha.-glucosyl saccharide or an aqueous solution containing a reducing partial starch hydrolysate to the action of a saccharide-transferring enzyme. The crystalline maltosyl glucoside has non-hygroscopicity, non-reducibility, superior solubility, less fermentability, and other properties of stabilizing oligopeptides and biologically-substances as well as preventing retrogradation of amylaceous substances. These features render it very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and shaped bodies.

Abstract: A new enzyme, alternanase, which is effective for the endo-hydrolytic cleavage of alternan, producing a thinned composition of low molecular weight fractions which exhibit reduced viscosity and increased solubility relative to native alternan, is described. The enzyme is produced and secreted extracellularly by a plurality of novel bacteria isolated from soil. One of the fractions present in the thinned alternan resulting from hydrolysis with alternanase is a the cyclic tetrasaccharide, cyclo{-6)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,3)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,6)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,3)-. alpha.-D-Glcp-(1-}. A novel method for isolating strains of microorganisms which produce endo-.alpha.-D-glucanases such as alternanase effective for the endo-hydrolytic cleavage or thinning of alternan is also described. Cultures of the subject strains are contacted with a test substrate of alternan coupled to a detectable indicator. Detection of released indicator provides an indication of endo-.alpha.-D-glucanase activity.

Abstract: A new enzyme, alternanase, which is effective for the endo-hydrolytic cleavage of alternan, producing a thinned composition of low molecular weight fractions which exhibit reduced viscosity and increased solubility relative to native alternan, is described. The enzyme is produced and secreted extracellularly by a plurality of novel bacteria isolated from soil. One of the fractions present in the thinned alternan resulting from hydrolysis with alternanase is a the cyclic tetrasaccharide, cyclo{-6)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,3)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,6)-.alpha.-D-Glcp-(1,3)-. alpha.-D-Glcp-(1-}. A novel method for isolating strains of microorganisms which produce endo-.alpha.-D-glucanases such as alternanase effective for the endo-hydrolytic cleavage or thinning of alternan is also described. Cultures of the subject strains are contacted with a test substrate of alternan coupled to a detectable indicator. Detection of released indicator provides an indication of endo-.alpha.-D-glucanase activity.

Abstract: Novel non-reducing oligosaccharide having a structure represented by the formula of alpha-D-oligoglucosyl alpha-D-oligoglucoside is obtained by exposing either an aqueous solution which contains trehalose and an alpha-glucosyl saccharide or an aqueous solution which contains a non-reducing saccharide bearing a trehalose structure at its end to a saccharide-transferring enzyme. The oligosaccharide has a reduced sweetness, superior stability, appropriate viscosity and less or no susceptibility to crystallization or superior solubility when in crystalline form. These features make the oligosaccharide very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and shaped bodies.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: A method of producing plant products containing modified starch content, including higher ratios of amylose to amylopectin, increase in intermediate material, or amylopectin having fewer branches or altered branching pattern. Also provided are DNA constructs and transformed plant cells useful in that method. The preferred method uses isoamylase from a Flavobacterium sp., more preferably in combination with a gene encoding ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase. Also disclosed are the gene from Flavobacterium sp. and transformed bacterial and plant cells containing a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystal-line trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions including food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: A fat-like carbohydrate, containing 12 to 100%, by weight, short chain amylose, wherein the fat-like carbohydrate is used in foods in an amount effective to function as a replacement for up to 100%, by weight, of one or more fat(s) contained in foods. The short chain amylose may be prepared by the enzymatic debranching of starch, employing an enzyme which specifically degrades the alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic-linkages of the starch molecule. A method of replacing up to 100% of one or more fat(s) contained in foods, wherein the food containing the enzymatically debranched starch exhibits functional and organoleptic qualities equivalent to those of the food containing conventional amounts of fat. Also provided are foods containing the short chain amylose materials in place of fat, cream, oil, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and other lipids which are conventional components of the foods.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing saccarides of definite chain length, such as glucose, maltose, malto-oligosaccharides and isomalto-oligosaccharides with a high purity. Saccharides such as starch, dextran and cellulose, and hydrolyzates thereof, are subjected to modification of the anomeric carbon at the reducing end of the molecule without modification of the non-reducing end of the molecule. The modification may be oxidation, for example by bromine to produce a carboxylic acid at the anomeric carbon, or amination, for example by phenylhydrazine to produce an osazone or osone of the saccharide. After modification, the modified saccharide can be adsorbed on an ion exchange resin and then repeatedly cleaved with a suitable enzyme, such as .beta.-amylase, to produce the desired saccharide of definite chain length.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree by enzymatic hydrolyzing of a polysaccharide with a hydrolase capable of cleaving the bonds among sugars constituting the polysaccharide comprising step of making the polysaccharide coexist with the hydrolase in a mixture of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent such as ethanol.

Abstract: There is provided a method of quantitative assay for 1,5-anhydroglucitol in a specimen characterized by effectively removing maltose present in the specimen using .alpha.-glucosidase. Maltose present in a specimen is previously converted into glucose by the action of .alpha.-glucosidase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus to remove the affect by maltose. Then 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the specimen is quantitatively determined.

Abstract: A process for preparing a tablet excipient, comprising the steps:(a) enzymatically treating a starch containing greater than 90% amylopectin with an alpha-1,6-D-glucanohydrolase to debranch the starch and yield a mixture comprising a starch component selected from the group consisting of amylopectin, partially debranched amylopectin, and a combination thereof, and at least 20%, by weight, of a short chain amylose of from about 5 to 65 anhydroglucose units linked by alpha-1,4-D-glucoside bonds; and(b) drying the starch mixture,wherein the starch mixture is characterized by sufficient compressibility for use as an excipient, a binder, a binder-disintegrant, a binder-diluent, a filler or diluent, a moisture absorbent, a glidant, lubricant or flow agent, a surface gloss or hardness agent, or a combination thereof, in tablets.

Abstract: Method of producing oat extract from rolled oats and oat flour by performing a series of mixing, cooking, filtering and concentrating steps. The method comprises the steps of mixing rolled white oats with oat flour, bacterial or fungal enzymes, and water to form an oat/enzyme solution. The oat/enzyme solution is then mashed by cooking the solution to convert the starches present in the oats into sugars. The undissolved solids remaining from the rolled oats are separated from the oat mash by filtering the cooked oat mash using some of the undissolved solids as a filter bed. The filtering operation produces oat wort which is then concentrated to produce oat extract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of novel cycloisomaltoheptaose having a cyclic structure composed of 7 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage, novel cycloisomaltooctaose having a cyclic structure composed of 8 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage and novel cycloisomaltononaose having a cyclic structure composed of 9 glucose residues in .alpha.-1,6 linkage, novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide synthase forming said oligosaccharides from dextran, and a process for producing said oligosaccharides by use of said enzyme or a microorganism capable of producing said enzyme.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A debranching enzyme, a process for producing the enzyme, a microorganism capable of producing the enzyme, and a process for producing glucose liquids using the enzyme are disclosed. The microorganism is preferrably Bacillus FERM BP-4204, the enzyme is a debranching enzyme which acts on alpha-1,6 glucosidase bonds on produce straight chain amylose, acts on pullulan and also acts on relatively long chain saccharides, wherein said substrate specificity for activity on pullulan is set at 100, the activity of said enzyme on soluble starches relative to said activity on pullulan is from about 20 to 40, the activity of said enzyme on glycogen relative to said activity on pullulan is from about 30 to 60, and the activity of said enzyme on amylopectin relative to said activity on pullulan is from about 10 to 30, has an optimum pH from about 4.5 to 6.0, an optimum temperature from about 60.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C., a molecular weight of about 98 kD as measured by SDS-PAGE, and an isoelectric point of about 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a branched cyclodextrin where a liquid containing a cyclodextrin and a branched oligosaccharide is treated with a debranching enzyme. By the method, a branched cyclodextrin having a maltosyl or maltotriosyl group as bonded to the glucose of a CD molecule via an .alpha.-1,6 bond is obtained efficiently.

Abstract: A simplified process is provided for producing saccharides of definite chain length, such as glucose, maltose and maltooligosaccharides, each in an isolated state and with a high purity.The process comprises transferring a saccharide chain, using a saccharide chain transferase, from a saccharide chain source to a substance substantially separable from the saccharides mentioned above and treating the thus-obtained oligosaccharide with an enzyme capable of excising the saccharide chain of definite chain length in an exo manner.

Abstract: An isoamylase, useful in the field of starch saccharification, having a molecular weight of about 105,000, an isoelectric point of 6.4, an optimum pH of 3.0 to 5.0, an optimum temperature of about 50.degree. C. and exhibiting temperature stability at 45.degree. C..times.10 minutes and pH stability at pH 3.5 to 6.0, and a process for producing the same comprising cultivating an isoamylase-producing strain belonging to the genus Xanthomonas and recovering the enzyme produced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel pullulanase, methods of producing and isolating the pullulanase and methods of saccharifying starch using the pullulanase. The pullulanase of the invention works in a wide pH range, as large as pH 4-9. In addition, the pullulanase is heat stable and its optimum temperature is about 60.degree. C. Therefore, the pullulanase of the invention can be used in the saccharification of starch along with amylase, which is enzymatically active at pH 4-9, to increase the yield of saccharides.

Abstract: An enzymatic process is developed to produce high-maltose syrup and high-protein byproduct simultaneously from materials that contain starch and protein. In the process, the slurry of milled starting material is first liquefied with .alpha.-amylase and then centrifuged. The precipitated fraction is recovered as high-protein flour. The supernatant fraction was then saccharified with .beta.-amylase and debranching enzyme (isoamylase or pullulanase) simultaneously to produce high-maltose syrup at various conditions. The yield of high-maltose syrup is affected by temperature, pH, DE values of liquefied starch, different enzyme combinations and varieties of starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a maltooligoside derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein n denotes an integer 3-5, R represents an aromatic chromophoric group, X represents a group >CHCH.sub.2 N.sub.3 or >C.dbd.CH.sub.2, and Y represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or an alkyl- or arylsulfonyl group, a reagent for determining .alpha.-amylase activity which comprises said maltooligoside derivative as an effective ingredient, and a process for determining .alpha.-amylase activity, characterized in that said maltooligoside derivative and coupled enzymes are added to an .alpha.-amylase containing sample to conduct an enzymatic reaction and a liberated aromatic chromophoric compound is quantitatively determined. The compound of the present invention is very useful as a substrate for determining .alpha.-amylase activity, and .alpha.

Abstract: This invention provides a pullulanase having a high degree of pH stability under acidic conditions, which is produced by cultivation of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, particularly Bacillus circulans SV-98 (FERM P-12161). This enzyme is useful, for example, in the manufacture of glucose and maltose from starch.

Abstract: This invention allows high-purity maltose to be manufactured both simply and economically by sequentially going through the steps of liquefaction of starch, saccharification of the resulting liquefied substance by combining with general-purpose enzymes and further saccharification with an enzyme which hydrolyzes oligosaccharides of trisaccharide or more, and also allows the economical and favorable manufacturing of maltitol, the reduced product of the above maltose, by going through an additional reduction step.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for chemically converting a substrate into its reaction products and immediately thereafter physically separating the reaction products in a continuous operation. The process is carried out with a bioreactor having an ultrafiltration membrane containing an immobilized chemical agent which is preferably an enzyme. The bioreactor is prepared by securing an ultrafiltration membrane to an inside wall of a porous tubular support and chemically bonding an enzyme to an inner surface of the membrane. The enzyme is preferably bonded to the membrane by chelation and the membrane may be a polymeric membrane or a metal oxide membrane. To convert a substrate, a substrate-containing feed stream is preferably flowed tangentially along the inner surface of the membrane containing the immobilized enzyme. Sufficiently small reaction products filter through pores of the membrane and larger reaction products are retained by the membrane.

Abstract: Process for producing starch sugar which comprises contacting liquefied starch with amylase immobilized onto porous chitosan. Immobilized debranching enzyme can be used in combination with the amylase. The debranching enzyme is immobilized onto a specific support.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol from plant biomass includes forming a substrate from the biomass with the substrate including hydrolysates of cellulose and hemicellulose. A species of the yeast Brettanomyces custersii (CBS 5512), which has the ability to ferment both cellobiose and glucose to ethanol, is then selected and isolated. The substrate is inoculated with this yeast, and the inoculated substrate is then fermented under conditions favorable for cell viability and conversion of hydrolysates to ethanol.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing a stable, opaque cloud in a fluid which employs partially debranched starch. This starch is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic bonds of the starch to form a composition comprising amylopectin, partially debranched amylopectin and up to 65%, by weight, short chain amylose. This invention also provides starches that are useful for forming a stable, opaque cloud in a fluid and a method for preparing these starches, employing an endo-alpha-1,6-D-glucanohydrolase, such as pullulanase or isoamylase.

Abstract: Disaccharide fluorides can be prepared by incubation of .alpha.-D-glycosyl fluorides in concentrated solutions with .alpha.-glycosidases.

Abstract: A thermoduric and aciduric pullulanase enzyme, and a process for its production from a microorganism designated as Bacillus naganoensis. The pullulanase is useful for the production of dextrose and high-maltose syrups from starch hydrolyzates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to .alpha.-amylase-pullulanase enzyme of a new type produced by Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum bacterium and to a method for the production of the soluble enzyme by culturing Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum strains. The invention further relates to a method for the production of maltose and maltotriose from starch by using the enzyme.

Abstract: This invention provides partially debranched starch, prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic bonds of the starch, comprising amylopectin, partially debranched amylopectin and up to 80%, by weight, short chain amylose. This invention also provides a method for preparing this starch, employing an endo-alpha-1,6-D-glucanohydrolase. The starch of this invention is useful for lending a fat-like, lubricating texture to aqueous dispersions, forming stable opaque clouds, forming thermoreversible gels, high strength gels and water-resistant films, and for thickening and bonding.