Abstract: This invention relates to an in vitro enzymatic process for the preparation of compounds containing the panosyl group. The panosyl group is transferred from a panosyl donor to a panosyl acceptor by means of an enzyme having panosyl transferase activity.

Abstract: In a method for preparing multiple glucosyl branched-cyclodextrins, a debranching enzyme is contacted to a mixture of maltose or a substance containing maltooligosaccharide such as maltose with a cyclodextrin to obtain a reaction product from which a branched-cyclodextrin is then separated; said branched-cyclodextrin is converted to glycosyl-cyclodextrin under the action of glucoamylase, which is thereafter mixed with maltose or a substance containing maltooligosaccharide such as maltose; and the resulting mixture is successively acted on by a debranching enzyme and glucoamylase.

Abstract: A method of controlling the regioselectivity of the glycosidic bond between glycosyl donor and glycosyl acceptor in the enzymatic production of an oligosaccharide compound which either consists of or is a fragment or an analog of the cabohydrate part in a glycoconjugate, by reverse hydrolysis or transglycosidation reactions, is described. The synthesis is carried out in that a donor substance which is a mono- or oligosaccharide or a glycoside thereof, is caused to react, in the presence of a glycosidase, with an acceptor substance which is an O-, N-, C- or S-glycoside consisting of a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide or a saccharide analog and at least one aglycon which is O-, N-, C- or S-glycosidically bonded in 1-position, the .alpha. or .beta.-configuration being selected on the glycoside bond between the glycosyl group and the aglycon in the acceptor substance, and the oligosaccharide compound being separated from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the production of isomaltulose whereby glucose and fructose are reacted to form isomaltulose in the presence of an enzyme which hydrolyzes a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide at the .alpha.-1,4 and/or .alpha.-1,6-glucoside linkage thereof by an exo-type cleavage.

Abstract: An epoxy group in a molecule can enzymatically be transferred to another molecule, thereby synthesizing carbohydrates carrying an epoxy group in the aglycone position.

Abstract: A sugar syrup is prepared by saccharifying a liquefied starch hydrolyzate at a pH of about 4 to about 5.5 and a temperature above 55.degree. C. with a heat stable, aciduric, pullulanase obtained from rice and an .alpha.-1,4 carbohydrase. The pullulanase employed is substantially free of maltase and transglucosidase activity. In one embodiment, a dextrose syrup is prepared by saccharifying a thinned starch hydrolyzate with glucoamylase and the rice pullulanase. Maltose syrup is prepared using the rice pullulanase and a maltogenic enzyme.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of magnetic particles to which a wide variety of molecules may be coupled. The magnetic particles can be dispersed in aqueous media without rapid settling and conveniently reclaimed from media with a magnetic field. Preferred particles do not become magnetic after application of a magnetic field and can be redispersed and reused. The magnetic particles are useful in biological systems involving separations.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of a high maltose syrup containing from 60 to 80% maltose, from 12 to 24% glucose and from 8 to 16% sugars having a DP of three or more by the enzymatic saccharification of partially hydrolyzed starch having a dextrose equivalence of from 1 to about 30; the high maltose syrups obtained from such process; the hydrogenation of such high maltose syrup to form maltitol blends containing from 60 to 80% maltitol and from 12 to 24% sorbitol; and the so prepared maltitol blends, such blends having a desired combination of high sweetness and humectancy.

Abstract: The invention provides an efficient enzymatic method for the preparation of branched cyclodextrins such as glucosyl and maltosyl cyclodextrins. The inventive method comprises the enzymatic reaction of a branch-splitting enzyme and .beta.-amylase simultaneously with a mixture of a cyclodextrin and starch. Alternatively, a branched cyclodextrin is obtained from a mixture of a cyclodextrin and maltose in an enzymatic reaction with pullulanase, optionally, with admixture of an alcohol such as ethyl and propyl alcohols or a glycol such as ethyleneglycol and propyleneglycol to the reaction mixture. A glucosyl cyclodextrin can be obtained by the steps of first subjecting a mixture of a cyclodextrin and maltose to an enzymatic reaction with pullulanase and then subjecting the reaction product to a second enzymatic reaction in the presence of an enzyme mixture composed of takaamylase and glucoamylase and yeast.

Abstract: A superattenuated low calorie beer is prepared from a wort containing as a liquid adjunct a starch-derived syrup which contains dextrins by adding to the wort during fermentation a glucoamylase type debranching enzyme obtained from Schwanniomyces castellii.

Abstract: A method for the production of a pullulanase-like enzyme possessing an .alpha.-amylase activity from a strain of genus Bacillus subtilis, the produced enzyme being capable of acting on starch to enhance the yield of glucose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a plasma based on starch by the hydrolytic decomposition of an amylopectin-rich starch to a definite molecular weight and partial etherification to a definite substitution before or after the hydrolysis, wherein the hydrolytic decomposition is carried out at least partly with .alpha.-amylase, .beta.-amylase or pullulanase.

Abstract: A thermostable pullulanase and a thermostable glucoamylase are produced by Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. Methods of producing the enzymes and using them to hydrolyze starch are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pullulanase enzyme exhibiting thermostability at a pH of about 5 which is derived from thermophilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium. T. brockii, and to a process for its production. The pullulanase is useful for preparation of maltotriose and for conversion of starch to maltose syrups.

Abstract: A novel maltogenic amylase enzyme with improved thermostability is provided. The novel enzyme can be produced by cultivating a newly discovered microorganism Bacillus strain NCIB 11837 belonging to the Bacillus stearothermophilus complex.

Abstract: A novel debranching enzyme product with properties in terms of thermostability and pH-optimum comparable to those of glucoamylase is produced by cultivating a strain belonging to the novel taxonomic group Bacillus acidopullulyticus. The novel debranching enzyme is used in conjunction with known saccharifying enzymes for the hydrolysis of starch.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing cyclodextrins, which comprises passing a solution containing cyclodextrins and reducing sugars as primary ingredients through a column packed with alkali or alkali earth metal salts of strongly acidic cation exchange resin to separate and collect cyclodextrins from the sugar solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-cariogenic hydrogenated starch hydrolysate as well as to a process for preparing it.The starch hydrolysate according to the invention comprises:less than 3% by weight of polyols of DP higher than 20;less than 60% by weight of maltitol (DP 2);less than 19% by weight of sorbitol (DP 1), the balance to 100 being constituted by polyols of DP 3 to 20.This starch hydrolysate can be used in food products as a sweetening non-cariogenic agent.

Abstract: Saccharifying starch hydrolysate to a high DX glucose syrup at pH 3-5 by the enzyme mixture of a glucoamylase and an acidophilic iso-amylase. A lower dosage level than the heretofore conventional glucoamylase dosage may be employed and higher DX glucose syrups can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of producing milo starch which comprises the steps of immersing refined milo in a weakly acidic solution of sodium chlorite to remove the tannin, grinding the same to provide a starch slurry, and removing the proteins from the latter. The method is capable of producing milo starch of high purity at low cost without causing odor pollution.A method of producing milo starch includes, besides the steps described above, the steps of lactic-fermenting the waste liquid resulting from the immersion of white grain milo, concentrating the liquid, mixing the concentrated liquid with the bran resulting from the refining of milo, and drying the mixture to provide milo feed. By this method, it is possible to produce milo starch without having to provide any special equipment for treating the waste water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-cariogenic hydrogenated starch for confectionery and process for preparing this hydrolysate. This hydrogenated starch hydrolysate comprises a content of polyols of DP higher than 20 which is sufficiently low for the cariogenic character of these polyols not to be troublesome and a content of low molecular weight products, which is sufficiently low for their presence not to interfere with the applicability of said hydrolysates in confectionery. The hydrogenated starch hydrolysate can be used in the manufacture of "hard candies" and chewing gums.

Abstract: Malt having a high content of alpha-1,6-hydrolase activity is prepared by germinating previously steeped barely until the average acrospire reaches a length of at least 11/4 times the average length of the kernals and it contains at least 55 units of alpha-1,6-hydrolase activity per gram of malt. The malt provides more complete hydrolyzing of starch to glucose and maltose, and it is useful in producing low carbohydrate beer, in producing distilled alcoholic beverages and in producing maltose syrup.

Abstract: A culture filtrate of Cladosporium resinae (Strain ATCC No. 20495) has been found to contain a mixture of starch-degrading enzymes capable of bringing about efficient conversion of starch and pullulan into glucose. Culture conditions resulting in optimal production of the pullulan degrading activity been established. The amylolytic enzyme preparation obtained by culturing the fungus under these optimal conditions has been fractionated by ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography and shown to contain at least four enzymes, a maltase, .alpha.-amylase and two glucoamylase-type enzymes including a novel exo-pullulanase. The maltase and glucoamylase enzymes have been purified to homogeneity and their substrate specificity investigated. Both the mixture and the exo-pullulanase can be used in the manufacture of dextrose from starch.

Abstract: A carbohydrate substrate such as starch for a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme is immobilized on a solid inorganic porous support to form a stable substrate-support composite useful in affinity chromatography and in methods where a precise amount of substrate is needed to perform an enzyme-substrate reaction to quantify the enzyme. The substrate may be activated with an agent such as cyanogen bromide or imidazole prior to deposition on the support so that it may be effectively modified while on the support. After deposition, the substrate is modified by reaction with an epoxyhalogen, aliphatic dihalide or aliphatic diamine to aid in holding it on the support. In an alternative embodiment, the carbohydrate, prior to deposition and modification on the support, is hydrolyzed with an enzyme, preferably dextranase.