Abstract: The present invention provides a process for carrying out analytical determinations by mixing and incubating a sample solution with at least one reagent and optically measuring a parameter in the incubated reaction mixture. The mixing, incubating and measuring are carried out during the action of a centrifugal force which forces the solution through a plurality of interconnected small hollow spaces having flow resistance so adapted with regard to one another as to mix the reaction components. Incubation may also take place before the reaction solution passes from the plurality of interconnected small hollow spaces into a measuring chamber in which the measurement is carried out.

Abstract: A multizone element, for quantitative analyte determination in whole blood, containing a porous spreading zone separated from a reagent zone by a barrier zone, said barrier zone comprising a non-porous film comprising a polymer of: from 30 to 95 percent by weight of polymerized monomer having the structure ##STR1## from 0.25 to 30 percent by weight of polymerized monomer having the structure ##STR2## and from 0.1 to 50 percent by weight of polymerized monomer having the structure ##STR3## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl,R.sup.2 is alkyl of from 1 to 16 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ##STR4## wherein R.sup.7 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, andM is NR.sup.8 R.sup.9 H.sup.+ X or SO.sub.3.sup.- X wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.

Abstract: Carrier-bonded compounds are described which serve as chromogens for analytical indicators contained in a carrier. A process for the preparation of these carrier-bonded chromogens, an agent containing these chromogens, and their use in the detection and determination of constituents of body fluids and excrements are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to diagnostic reagents and a method for increasing the sensitivity of chemical and enzymatic analysis. In particular, it relates to an improved reagent and method wherein the sensitivity of the analysis is improved by the addition of a water-soluble inclusion compound.

Abstract: Test strip for the dip and read colorimetric determination of substances dissolved in liquids. Such strips are composed of an inert supporting base covered with a layer of polymer beads in which the reagents are incorporated. The color reaction takes place within the beads themselves which improves sensitivity and reproducibility of the testing.

Abstract: A process of calibrating a blood sugar analyzing apparatus, in which the blood sugar concentration in a blood specimen is measured with a fixed enzyme membrane sensor and corrected by calibration means, said blood sugar analyzing apparatus providing a linear relationship between measured and actual blood sugar concentrations in a range of blood sugar concentrations which are lower than a predetermined blood sugar concentration, and producing a deviation from said linear relationship in a range of blood sugar concentrations higher than said predetermined blood sugar concentration, in that said process comprises the steps of effecting a plurality of measurements of standard solutions having known low blood sugar concentrations in said blood sugar analyzing apparatus, obtaining an average value of the results of the measurements with said calibration means, determining a first correction coefficient (k.sub.

Abstract: A method for the continuous, in vivo measurement of glucose concentration in animal body fluids such as blood, comprises implanting in the body, in registry with the system for the body fluid, a glucose monitor adapted to measure the concentration of glucose as a function of changes in such electrical charge. The glucose monitor includes an electrode with an electrical charge-transfer medium comprising a reversible complex of a binding macromolecular component and a charge-bearing carbohydrate component. The electrode includes a selectively permeable membrane permitting the ingress and egress of the body fluid. In operation, glucose present in the body fluid displaces the charge-bearing carbohydrate, which then participates in the electrical activity of the electrode so that a measurable change in electrical activity can be observed when the electrode is connected to an appropriate current-responsive meter.

Abstract: An analytical element for quantitatively determining high levels of glucose in blood is made by (a) impregnating a carrier with a first solution, having dissolved therein 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid or 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzene sulfonic acid or salts thereof, a glucose oxidase and a peroxidase, and drying the carrier; and (b) applying to the carrier a second solution of a film-forming agent in a volatile solvent, and drying to remove the volatile solvent and leave a film over the dried first impregnant.

Abstract: Method, kits and reagents for the simultaneous, kinetic spectrophotometric analysis of blood serum samples for multiple components. Pairs of components which may be simultaneously analyzed are: cholesterol and triglyceride; glucose and urea; uric acid and gamma glutamyl transferase; calcium and magnesium; albumins and total protein.

Abstract: A blood sugar analyzing apparatus has a reaction cell which houses a fixed enzyme membrane sensor and a measuring electrode which receives a blood specimen which causes a chemical reaction between the blood specimen and said fixed enzyme membrane for measuring the blood sugar concentration in the specimen on the basis of a reaction current signal generated in the sensor by the chemical reaction. The analyzing apparatus has a microcomputer for calculating a conversion coefficient used for converting the reaction current into a blood sugar concentration value by introducing a standard solution having a known blood sugar concentration, for storing data representing the value of said conversion coefficient, for calculating a blood sugar concentration value of a test specimen based upon the stored conversion coefficient value and reaction current from the test specimen. A display and printer provide a read-out of the blood sugar concentration value obtained.

Abstract: In a multilayer analysis film for detecting hydrogen peroxide by dry process which comprises a support and a reagent layer having contained therein a color indicator composition comprising peroxidase and a substance capable of causing a optically detectable change in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase, the color indicator composition is characterized by further containing specific pyrogallol derivatives. Such pyrogallol derivatives improve stability during storage of such a multilayer analysis film.

Abstract: An ion exchange method for the separation of hemoglobin A.sub.1 from its Schiff base precursors and from nonglycosylated hemoglobin in a sample of human blood. The known method of lysing the sample, using it to impregnate a weak cation exchange resin, eluting out the glycosylated components with a buffer solution containing from about 0.6 M to about 0.11 M alkali metal ion dissolved therein, and recovering the eluate, is modified by the inclusion of a dihydroxyboryl compound in either the hemolysate, the elution buffer, or both.

Abstract: Method and test system for monitoring the status of control of ketoacidosis-prone diabetics using pseudo-kinetic methods. Pseudo-kinetic clinical information is obtained by analysis of a single blood sample in which the blood glucose level is determined along with one or more additional indicator analytes present in patient blood, serum or plasma. The additional indicator analyte(s) provide a "historical" picture of recent events within the patient relating to glucose metabolism which, when analyzed in conjunction with the blood glucose level, provides, from a single sample, a holistic view of the degree of metabollic control in the diabetic patient which is otherwise obtainable at the present time only by the much less desirable process of drawing and analyzing multiple samples over a period of time. The additional indicator analyte may be ketone bodies.

Abstract: N-sulfoalkylaniline derivatives in which at least one sulfoalkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms is attached to the nitrogen atom which are useful as dyestuff forming substances, a composition for determining the presence of peroxides using such compounds and the process for determination of peroxides using such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention involves an improved test system for the determination of glucose in aqueous fluids of the type which comprises glucose oxidase, a peroxidatively active substance and chromogen. The improvement involves the use of m-anisidine as a chromogen which permits the semi-quantitative determination of glucose at higher concentrations than is possible with previously used chromogens.

Abstract: The present invention involves an improved test system for the determination of glucose in aqueous fluids of the type which comprises glucose oxidase, a peroxidatively active substance and chromogen. The improvement involves the use of m-anisidine as a chromogen which permits the semi-quantitative determination of glucose at higher concentrations than is possible with previously used chromogens.

Abstract: A method and test device for determining the glucose concentration in a test sample containing from 1/2 to 10 percent glucose are disclosed. The method and test device involve impregnating the carrier with an enzymatic testing composition which includes glucose oxidase, peroxidase and a chromogen. The carrier is subsequently impregnated with from 0.5 to 1.5 percent by weight polystyrene. Contact of the carrier with a glucose-containing test sample produces a detectable response whereby the glucose concentration can be determined.

Abstract: The detection and determination of (a) hydrogen peroxide or of a substance which reacts with the formation of hydrogen peroxide or (b) of peroxidase or a peroxidatively active substance, is carried out by contacting an unknown sample with a chromogen and, in case (a), with a peroxidatively active substance or in case (b) with hydrogen peroxide or a substance which reacts with the formation of hydrogen peroxide, and evaluating the coloration produced by the reaction, wherein, as the chromogen, there is used at least one 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkylbenzidine compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which can be the same or different, are straight-chained or branched alkyl radicals containing up to 6 and preferably up to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved composition, device and method, whereby enhanced sensitivity is achieved in detecting test sample constituents such as glucose and blood. The improvement resides in the use of a broad range of compounds as enhancers for benzidine-type indicators. The enhancer tends to stabilize the blue colorform of such indicators.