Abstract: A biologic electrode array is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A matrix of electrode sites is disposed on the semiconductor substrate. A matrix of optical detectors is disposed beneath the electrode sites in the semiconductor substrate, wherein each electrode site is associated with a corresponding optical detector. The optical detectors are coupled to detection circuitry formed on the semiconductor substrate. The electrode sites may include slitted electrodes, punctuated electrodes, or optically transparent electrodes.

Abstract: Fluorescent biosensor molecules, fluorescent biosensors and systems, as well as methods of making and using these biosensor molecules and systems are described. These biosensor molecules address the problem of obtaining fluorescence emission at wavelengths greater than about 500 nm. Biosensor molecules generally include an (1) an acridine-based fluorophore, (2) a linker moiety and (3) a boronate substrate recognition/binding moiety, which binds polyhydroxylate analytes, such as glucose. These biosensor molecules further include a “switch” element that is drawn from the electronic interactions among these submolecular components. This fluorescent switch is generally “off” in the absence of bound polyhydroxylate analyte and is generally “on” in the presence of bound polyhydroxylate analyte. Thus, the reversible binding of a polyhydroxylate analyte essentially turns the fluorescent switch “on” and “off”.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a first measurement on a biological fluid or control, which first measurement varies with both the concentration of a first component and at least one of the presence and concentration of a second component. The method and apparatus perform a second measurement on the biological fluid or control, which second measurement varies primarily only with the at least one of the presence and concentration of the second component to develop an indication of the at least one of the presence and concentration of the second component. The first and second measurements may be made sequentially or simultaneously. The method and apparatus then remove an amount representative of the indicated presence or concentration of the second component from the concentration of the first component indicated by the first measurement.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the level of an analyte in the blood of an individual by measuring the level of the analyte in an interstitial fluid or in any other non blood fluid which does not contain red blood cells and adjusting the measurement value by the concentration of at least one reference analyte.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid method for estimation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of water, COD is an important parameter for determining the extent of pollution in water bodies, the basic principle of COD estimation is not much different from prior art but the time taken is reduced considerably and the results are equally sensitive and reproducible as other methods and the method used to generate data on the performance of effluent treatment plants in remote areas or rural areas, it also provide regular and sequential information on the quality of effluent generated by food processing industries.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber or other testing zone, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the testing zone. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: Improved polymer matrices which incorporate fluorescent biosensor molecules as well as methods of making and using these polymer matrices are described. Such matrices can be used in fluorescent biosensors and biosensor systems, including those which are used in the detection of polyhydroxylated analytes such as glucose. The properties of the polymer matrices of the invention renders biosensors utilizing such matrices particularly well-suited for detecting and measuring in-vivo glucose concentrations.

Abstract: Fluorescent sensor compounds having the formula: wherein L is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylene, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyl, and arylalkyloxyl; each m, m?, n, n?, p, and p? is independently an integer from 0 to 4, inclusive; and each R1, R?1, R2, R?2, R3 and R?3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylene, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxyl, halo, substituted and unsubstituted amino, and substituted and unsubstituted thiol, are useful for the selective detection of saccharides such as glucose and sialyl Lewis X. The compounds find particular use in detecting saccharides in biological samples, and in detecting cancer cells that express cell surface polysaccharides such as sialyl Lewis X.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homogeneous method for detecting and/or determining by fluorescence a chemical or physicochemical interaction in a measuring medium, in which a rare-earth metal cryptate comprising a substituent is used, characterized in that the variation of at least one fluorescence characteristic of the rare-earth metal cryptate, induced by the change in the physicochemical properties of the substituent resulting from said interaction, is measured.

Abstract: A device for accessing biological fluid, sampling biological fluid constituents and determining the concentration of at least one target constituent within the accessed biological fluid is provided. The device has at least one micro-piercing member used to penetrate the skin to a selected depth and to access biological fluid, a constituent sampling means and a constituent measuring means. The constituent sampling means comprises a constituent transfer medium, such as a hydrophilic gel material, by which sampled constituents are transferred from the micro-piercing member to the measuring means. The measuring means includes an electrochemical cell having at least one porous electrode through which at least one sampled constituent is caused to enter into the electrochemical cell. Methods of sampling constituents within the skin and measuring the sampled constituents, as well as kits for practicing the invention are provided.

Abstract: A method of addressing and driving an electrode array includes the step of addressing one or more electrodes within the array using a plurality of row and column lines. In one aspect of the method, a value corresponding to a voltage is stored in a local memory associated with each electrode. The addressed electrodes are then driven at the voltages corresponding to the stored values. In another aspect of the method, a driving element associated with each addressed electrode is selectively coupled with a voltage line so as to charge the electrode with the voltage on the voltage line. The device and methods may be used in the synthesis of biopolymers such as oligonucleotides and peptides.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions of mutated binding proteins containing reporter groups, analyte biosensor devices derived there from, and their use as analyte biosensor both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: In conducting liquid chromatographic analysis of a saccharide mixture containing monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, elution is conducted by using two kinds or more of mobile phases to separate the saccharide mixture into individual constituent saccharides followed by conversion thereof into corresponding derivatives by reaction with reagents and detection of the derivatives as contained in a detector cell. The method of the invention is characterized in that the detector cell is cleaned by washing with a cleaning solvent after completion of the detection of each of the saccharide derivatives.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery of reduced valency carbohydrate binding ligands (CBLs) that can be used to to detect or quantitate (i.e., evaluate) carbohydrates in a sample. CBLs can be used with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to evaluate free carbohydrates or those within a carbohydrate containing compound.

Abstract: A corn plant is evaluated by a six-step method. The first step is to select a population of mature corn plants to be evaluated. A limited number of representative plants from the population are then selected. The representative plants are then harvested by cutting them near the ground. The plants are then ground into a homogeneous mixture. A sample of the homogeneous mixture is then analyzed in a near infrared spectrometer. The analysis is then compared with an existing correlation between near infrared analyses and wet-test chemistry tested nutritional compositional characteristics to predict the compositional characteristics of the corn plant population.

Abstract: A method of non-invasive determination of a glucose concentration in blood based on the measurements of the total impedance of the skin of a patient is disclosed. The method is based on a linear model of a first order correlation between the glucose concentration and the total impedance, the model taking into account the rate of change of the glucose concentration. The coefficients used in an approximating function are determined at the preliminary stage measurements by an invasive method.

Abstract: An implantable biosensor for detecting an analyte in vivo in body fluids comprises an analyte-sensitive hydrogel filament chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to changes in concentration of an analyte, such as glucose, in a patient's body fluid. A photometric displacement transducer placed inside the biosensor is configured to quantifiably detect changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel filament, such as by detecting the light intensity on a photoreceptor arranged to receive light of varying intensity depending upon the displacement of the hydrogel filament. A battery powered telemeter operably engaged to the photometric displacement transducer sends a radio data signal representing glucose concentration level to a receiver containing an alarm system. The alarm system can automatically notify a person that the analyte level is outside desired predetermined parameters, and/or to automatically inject an agent to counteract the adverse analyte levels.

Abstract: A fluid collection apparatus adapted to test a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, including a lid and a base. Further included is a spacer disposed between the lid and the base. The spacer forms a capillary channel, which has an opening and is designed to collect the fluid. The capillary channel includes a reagent that reacts with the fluid to produce a measurable reaction. The reaction will provide a measurable indication of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid. Coupled to the lid is a lance that is moveable to the base and is moveable to a position adjacent the opening of the capillary channel.

Abstract: A test device for testing of analyte concentration in a fluid comprises: a housing (2) having an opening and containing a stack of sensors (16); a transport member (4) rotatably mounted in the opening of the housing, having an axis of rotation which spans the opening; a spring (24) which urges the stack against the transport member; and sealing means (20, 34) for making a moisture tight seal between the transport member and the sensors when the transport member is in a specified rotational position. An outer surface of the transport member has a recessed region (12) which is adapted to receive a single sensor from the stack. Rotation of the transport member with a sensor in the recessed region transports the sensor to a location where it can be connected to a meter (6, 8) and receive a drop of fluid to be tested.

Abstract: The invention relates to indicator molecules for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in a medium, such as a liquid, and to methods for achieving such detection. More particularly, the invention relates to copolymer macromolecules containing relatively hydrophobic indicator component monomers, and hydrophilic monomers, such that the macromolecule is capable of use in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for analyzing a sample of a complex molecule relatively to a reference batch of the same complex molecule. Said method is characterized in that it consists in breaking up the complex molecule into at least two molecular sub-entities; in determining, on the basis of the atomic sites of said products of the breakup involved in the breakup reactions, the isotope(s) to be analyzed; and in establishing, for at least part of the breakup products, their isotopic profile; and in comparing the isotopic profile of the products of the breakup with the isotopic profile of the raw material(s) previously indexed and/or with the isotopic profile of the reference complex molecule subjected to the same breakup reactions. The invention is useful for detecting counterfeiting in manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Described is a new approach to fluorescence sensing based on a mixture of fluorophores, one of which is sensitive to the desired analyte. If a long lifetime analyte-insensitive fluorophore is mixed with a short lifetime analyte-sensitive fluorophore, the modulation of the emission at conveniently low frequencies becomes equal to the fractional fluorescence intensity of the sensing fluorophore. Under these conditions the modulation can be used to determine the analyte concentration. This can be used with any fluorophore which changes intensity in response to analyte, and does not require the sensing fluorophore to display a change in lifetime. The feasibility of modulation-based sensing was demonstrated using mixtures of 6-carboxyfluorescein and [Ru2,2′(bipyridyl)3]2+ as a pH sensor and of the calcium probe Fluo-3 and [Ru2,2′(bipyridyl)3]2+ as a calcium sensor.

Abstract: Reflectance based methods and devices are provided for determining the concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample. In practicing the subject methods, a fluid sample is applied to a matrix impregnated with a signal producing system. The signal producing system produces a detectable product in an amount proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample. A surface of the matrix is then illuminated and a reflectance measurement is obtained therefrom, generally following a predetermined incubation period. An optical component, preferably the illumination or light detection means, is also employed to obtain a temperature value corresponding to the ambient temperature of the matrix. The analyte concentration of the sample is then obtained from the reflectance measurement using an algorithm that employs the optical component derived temperature value.

Abstract: Set up methods, analysis methods and monitoring methods for capillary gel arrays are provided which rigorously determine the number of capillaries for which standards should be used and/or the capillaries in which standards should not be considered and/or for which performance is impaired. The invention provides improved rigour to the results obtained from capillary gel array analysis and prevents analysis being carried out on arrays which have developed problems or broken down.

Abstract: The invention relates to indicator molecules for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in a medium, such as a liquid, and to methods for achieving such detection. More particularly, the invention relates to copolymer macromolecules containing relatively hydrophobic indicator component monomers, and hydrophilic monomers, such that the macromolecule is capable of use in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: A method of measuring an analyte in a biological fluid comprises applying an excitation signal having a DC component and an AC component. The AC and DC responses are measured; a corrected DC response is determined using the AC response; and a concentration of the analyte is determined based upon the corrected DC response. Other methods and devices are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e.g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e.g., urea, of a biological sample, e.g., urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring the amount of an organic substance in a biological sample using infrared electromagnetic radiation. For example, glucose levels can be detected in capillary fluid filtrate obtained subcutaneously in a continuous manner in order to provide real-time glucose monitoring for a patient with diabetes.

Abstract: Fluorescent biosensor molecules, fluorescent biosensors and systems, as well as methods of making and using these biosensor molecules and systems are described. Embodiments of these biosensor molecules exhibit fluorescence emission at wavelengths greater than about 650 nm. Typical biosensor molecules include a fluorophore that includes an iminium ion, a linker moiety that includes a group that is an anilinic type of relationship to the fluorophore and a boronate substrate recognition/binding moiety, which binds glucose. The fluorescence molecules modulated by the presence or absence of polyhydroxylated analytes such as glucose. This property of these molecules of the invention, as well as their ability to emit fluorescent light at greater than about 650 nm, renders these biosensor molecules particularly well-suited for detecting and measuring in-vivo glucose concentrations.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: An improved mass spectrometry method comprises the analysis of ferrocenyl boronate derivatives of compounds of interest. Chemical derivatization with ferrocenyl boronate overcomes problems resolving small structural differences in a variety of biologically important compounds, including carbohydrates, ultimately increasing the propensity of an analyte to ionize and provide quality fragmentation during successive rounds of electrospray MS. The resultant full scan spectra reflect large amounts of structural information.

Abstract: The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of fluorescent probes comprising donor-acceptor derivatives comprising the boric acid group or a derivative of boric acid, B(OH)3 (or borate ion, BO(OH)2−1), arsenious acid, H3 AsO3 (or arsenite ion, H2AsO3−1), telluric acid, H6TeO6 (or tellurate ion, H5 TeO6−1) or germanic acid, Ge(OH)6 (or germanate ion, GeO(OH)3−1) are described. Method of using said probes are also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a glucose sensing device for implantation within subcutaneous tissue of an animal body. In one embodiment, the glucose sensing device includes a first chamber containing first magnetic particles and a hydrocolloid solution (for example, ConA-dextran hydrocolloid) wherein the first magnetic particles are dispersed in the hydrocolloid solution. In operation, glucose within the animal may enter and exit the first chamber and the hydrocolloid solution changes in response to the presence or concentration of glucose within the first chamber. The sensing device also includes a reference chamber containing second magnetic particles and a reference solution wherein the second magnetic particles are dispersed in the reference solution. The reference solution (for example, oil or alcohol compounds) includes a known or fixed viscosity. The reference solution may also be a hydrocolloid solution (for example, ConA-dextran hydrocolloid).

Abstract: A sensor dispensing instrument adapted to handle a sensor pack containing a plurality of sensors and to perform a test using one of the sensors. The sensor dispensing instrument includes an outer housing and display disposed on the outer housing for showing items. The sensor dispensing instrument further comprises a power button for turning the sensor dispensing instrument on and off, a scroll button for scroll through the items, and a select button for selecting an item.

Abstract: A colorimetric detector for chemical and biological agents or toxins is made of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) having a membrane bilayer which is polymerized to stabilize the giant unilamellar vesicle and to provide extended conjugated polymer backbone, and the GUV has at least one incorporated molecular recognition site for the chemical and biological agents or toxins. The GUVs are about 10-300 microns and preferably made of a polymerizable diacetylenic GUV where the acyl chains are crosslinked. When the agents or toxins bind to the recognition site the detector exhibits a color change. The detector can be used in a colorimetric detector apparatus where the samples can be present in air or in water.

Abstract: A single reagent system and a method to detect and measure oxidizing adulterants in bodily fluid being screened for drugs of abuse are disclosed. The system comprising a strip containing 0.05 to 0.2 micromole/25 sq. mm. of a benzidine derivative and is used to detect sodium hypochlorite (bleach), chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium nitrite, and pyridinium chlorochromate adulterants in urine, sweat, saliva, blood or other bodily fluids during screening for drugs of abuse.

Abstract: A biologic electrode array assembly is formed on an integrated circuit chip that includes an array of electrodes. At least one metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) switch is coupled to at least one of the electrodes within the array. A voltage line is provided that is selectively connected to the at least one electrode via the MOS switch. A voltage source is coupled to the voltage line. In one preferred aspect of the invention, the MOS switch is a CMOS switch. In another aspect of the invention, an addressable memory is associated with the at least one electrode located within the array.

Abstract: Methods are provided for glucose detection and quantification in urine. The methods include selecting a test device comprising a matrix impregnated with a chromogenic indicator mixture, locating the test device to promote incidental contact of same with animal urine, reading a developed indicator color after the device has been wetted with urine, and determining the animal's urine glucose concentration.

Abstract: The present invention provides formulae for fluorescent compounds that have a number of properties which make them uniquely suited for use in sensors of analytes such as saccharides. The advantageous fluorescent properties include favorable excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, fluorescence lifetimes, and photostability. Additional advantageous properties include enhanced aqueous solubility, as well as temperature and pH sensitivity. The compound comprises an aryl or a substituted phenyl botonic acid that acts as a substrate recognition component, a fluorescence switch component, and a fluorophore. Fluorescent compounds are described that are excited at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and emit at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which is advantageous for optical transmission through skin. The fluorophore is typically selected from transition metal-ligand complexes and thiazine, oxazine, oxazone, or oxazine-one as well as anthracene compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single test system and method for determining the integrated glycemic condition of a subject by measuring the concentration of glucose and the level of protein-bound glucose in a subject's body fluid, such as whole blood. The glucose concentration is indicative of the subject's immediate glycemic condition, whereas the protein-bound glucose concentration is indicative of either intermediate or long-term glycemic condition. Optionally, other analytes indicative of glycemic condition, such as ketone bodies or fatty acid derivatives, can also be measured. The present invention also provides a method of diagnosing diabetes. The invention additionally provides a method for analyzing the concentration of fructosamine in less than or equal to five minutes without the use of a reaction accelerator.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an improved optical method and optical sensing device for determining the levels of polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecules in vitro in aqueous or organic media. Specifically, a dye is combined with an conjugated nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic aromatic boronic acid-substituted bis-onium compound in the presence of a sugar, such as fructose or glucose. The viologens are preferred as the aromatic conjugated nitrogen containing boronic acid substituted compounds. The method is useful to determine sugar levels in fermentation and process streams.

Abstract: Methods, program product, and apparatus are provided for implementing a blood glucose meter that will remind the user to test his or her blood glucose after a programmable wait when a hypoglycemic event is detected. Diabetics frequently have a “rebound” hyperglycemic event (high blood glucose) occur as a result of a hypoglycemic event (low blood glucose). The disclosed invention allows the user to program the meter with a waiting period which he or she determines is appropriate to wait following a low blood glucose reading. At the end of this period, the meter will alert the user by way of an audible or tactile warning.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-invasively determining the concentration of a substance in blood, such as glucose, include a sample portion arranged for contacting an eye region of a user to obtain a tear fluid sample, a sensor in communication with the sample portion for generating a signal related to the tear substance concentration, and a processor in communication with the sensor for determining a blood substance concentration corresponding to the tear substance concentration.

Abstract: Methods are provided for glucose detection and quantification in urine. The methods include selecting a test device comprising a matrix impregnated with a chromogenic indicator mixture, locating the test device to promote incidental contact of same with animal urine, reading a developed indicator color after the device has been wetted with urine, and determining the animal's urine glucose concentration.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in tissues. The method involves compensating for a change in the value of an optical property of the tissues, such as, for example, the scattering coefficient, resulting from a change in the hydration status of the tissues.

Abstract: A test device that assesses the concentration of an organ marker, a drug marker and a metabolite associated with the drug/organ interaction.

Abstract: With rotating and translating a rotation-translation drum installed in a vacuum chamber of a mass spectrometry interface to constitute a mass spectro-meter, a liquid sample incorporating a dissolved substance to be analyzed in its mass is emitted for the drum from a sample supplying nozzle of the mass spectrometry interface, and the dissolved substance is isolated as a spiral filament on the drum. Then, a laser beam is irradiated onto the filament from a laser source via a laser beam inlet situated at the vacuum chamber and thereby, the dissolved substance is ionized without exposing to the air.