Abstract: A compound semiconductor substrate having at least one compound semiconductor layer epitaxially grown on a silicon single crystal substrate, wherein the silicon single crystal substrate has a surface on which the compound semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown, the surface being inclined at an off angle of not more than 1 deg to a (100) plane of silicon crystal; and the compound semiconductor layer has a free or top surface having a roughness of 3 nm or less in terms of a mean square roughness, Rms, determined by an atomic force microscopic measurement in a view field area of 10 .mu.m.times.10 .mu.m or a roughness of 10.5 nm or less in terms of a maximum height difference, Ry.

Abstract: In the manufacture of liquid-crystal display devices and other large-area electronics devices, electrostatic discharge damage (ESD) of tracks and other thin-film circuit elements can result during ion implantation and/or during handling. This damage is avoided by connecting the thin-film circuitry in a charge leakage path with gateable TFT links (45). These links (45) are TFTs (45) with a common gate line (7) for applying a gate bias voltage to control current flow through the links, e.g to turn off the TFTs (45) during testing of the device circuit. In accordance with the present invention the gateable links (45) in the leakage path are removed simultaneously by applying a sufficiently high gate bias (Vg2) to the common gate line (7) to break the links (45) by evaporating at least the channel regions (6) of the TFTs. A suitable thin-film structure is chosen for the TFTs (45) to facilitate evaporating their channel regions (6) in this manner.

Abstract: A process and method for producing strained and defect free semiconductor layers. In a preferred embodiment, silicon on insulator may be used as a substrate for the growth of fully relaxed SiGe buffer layers. A new strain relief mechanism operates, whereby the SiGe layer relaxes without the generation of threading dislocations within the SiGe layer. This is achieved by depositing SiGe on an SOI substrate with a superficial silicon thickness. Initially the strain in the SiGe layer becomes equalized with the thin Si layer by creating tensile strain in the Si layer. Then the strain created in the thin Si layer is relaxed by plastic deformation during an anneal. Since dislocations are formed, and glide in the thin Si layer, threading dislocations are not introduced into the upper SiGe material. A strained silicon layer for heterostructures may then be formed on the SiGe material.