Abstract: A latex paint composition that contains a film-forming binder and pigment dispersed in an aqueous vehicle and also contains an effective amount of one or more cellulose-supportable fungus growth-inhibiting benzoxaborole compounds of Formula C is disclosed. A method of using that latex paint to inhibit the growth of a cellulose-supportable fungus on a cellulosic surface is also disclosed, as is a method of inhibiting such growth by painting over an fungus-infected surface with a contemplated latex paint.

Abstract: An anti-fungal composition for the control of one or more target fungi (or a similar heterotrophic, hyphae-producing organism) that infect plant materials and are (is) separately controllable by a benzoxaborole and an anti-fungal compound of a preselected FRAC Target Site Code is disclosed, as is a method of its use. A composition contains a diluent medium having dissolved or dispersed therein a synergistic effective amount of each of a first and a second anti-fungal compound. The first anti-fungal compound is a benzoxaborole of Formula I. The second anti-fungal compound is other than a benzoxaborole and is known to control said one or more target species of fungus when utilized as the sole anti-fungal compound at a concentration greater than the synergistic effective amount and has a preselected FRAC Target Site Code of B, C, D, E, G, H, or M.

Abstract: In order to blend fuels to meet specific regulatory and industry requirements, for instance octane requirements, different octane blending components can be used. One added component includes a composition of higher aromatics content. Unfortunately, this aromatic content may increase the particulate emissions of an internal combustion engine when the high aromatic fuel is combusted in that engine. As explained herein, reducing the aromatics content and replacing that octane increasing requirement with an alternative octane enhancer results in a formulated fuel that will have lower particulate emissions in the real-world driving of that engine as compared with a fuel having higher aromatic content.

Abstract: Provided is a biocidal composition comprising 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate and an isothiazolinone biocidal compound. The composition is useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems.

Abstract: Provided is a biocidal composition comprising 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate and an isothiazolinone biocidal compound. The composition is useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems.

Abstract: A stabilized composition containing a metal hydride of boron, including complex metal hydrides of boron, in a polyalkylsiloxane amorphous fumed silica mixture is provided. In a preferred embodiment the composition is a stabilized mixture of aluminum borohydride, polydimethylsiloxane and amorphous fumed silica. A method to prepare the stabilized mixture is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes a nanoparticle size composition comprising at least one overbase complex of a magnesium salt and an associated organic boron complex. The present compound is an improvement over previous processes due to less complicated processing requirements and the high concentration of both magnesium and boron that results.

Abstract: Provided are additives of formula I for use in hydrocarbonaceous compositions, such as petroleum or liquid fuels: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein. The additives improve the corrosion resistance of the compositions and, when the composition is biodiesel, also improve microbial resistance. The additives further enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of any added biocides contained in such compositions.

Abstract: A composition for improving the combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The composition includes a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and an organometallic soap selected from among several cerium-containing and ferric compounds. The cerium-containing compound or compounds increase the energy released during combustion of the fuel. The ferric compound or compounds coat an interior wall of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to increase the power output of the engine by reducing the accumulation of residues deposited on the interior wall which interfere with the combustion of fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to functionalized monomers. The functionalized monomer may be reacted with an enophilic reagent (e.g., maleic anhydride) to form an enophilic reagent modified functionalized monomer. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents, functional compositions (e.g., food products, cleaners, etc.), and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of operating a thermal installation comprising a combustion chamber fed with a fuel contaminated with vanadium, with sulphur and possibly with sodium. In particular, the combustion chamber is also fed with boron and with magnesium, in quantities such that the sodium molar ratio s=Na2SO4/V2O5, the magnesium molar ratio m=MgO/V2O5 and the boron molar ratio b=B2O3/V2O5 satisfy the equation m?3+2b?s, so that the combustion products comprise magnesium orthovanadate, mixed magnesium boron oxide and possibly sodium borate. The invention also provides for the use of such a method to inhibit corrosion of the thermal installation by vanadium oxide, possibly in the presence of sodium.

Abstract: A method and a device for generating of hydrogen are provided with which an instantaneous release of hydrogen in considerable amounts is possible. The method comprises a one or two step mixing including injecting the fuel and an activator fluid into a reaction chamber. The device is adapted to be operated with such a method. Further, a fuel suitable for the use with such a method is provided, the fuel being based on a dry metal hydride or a dry metal borohydride being dispersed in a non-aqueous dispersion medium. Moreover, a method for (re-) fuelling the hydrogen generating device at a service station and a method for supplying a service station with fuel are provided.

Abstract: A fuel-activating substance comprising a fuel-activating material and having heat resistance imparted thereto. This fuel-activating substance can hence be applied or attached even to parts to be used under such temperature conditions that use with organic resin binders has been impossible, whereby the effect of saving energy in combustion devices is further heightened. The heat-resistant fuel-activating substance is characterized by being obtained by melt-mixing 50-150 wt. % metallic thermal spray material with 100 wt. % fuel-activating material of which the spectral emissivity for electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 3-20 ?m is 0.85 or more and making the mixture capable of thermal spraying. Alternatively, 100 wt. % the fuel-activating material and 50-150 wt. % metallic material having a melting point of 420° C. or lower may be formed into a sheet through melting. Furthermore, a mixture of 100 wt. % the fuel-activating material and 75-150 wt.

Abstract: A multiphase distillate fuel composition includes an emulsion comprising a first phase comprising a diesel fuel; a second phase comprising glycerol and boric acid; and a surfactant. A lubricant composition includes a grease and a mixture of boric acid with different particle sizes.

Abstract: Formulations using tartaric compounds of the present invention in a low sulfur, low ash and low phosphorous lubricant lower wear, and friction and improves fuel economy.

Abstract: The present invention describes a nanoparticle size composition comprising at least one overbase complex of a magnesium salt and an associated organic boron complex. The present compound is an improvement over previous processes due to less complicated processing requirements and the high concentration of both magnesium and boron that results.

Abstract: A composition for improving the combustion efficiency of an internal combustion Engine. The composition includes a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and an organometallic soap selected from among several cerium-containing and ferric compounds. The cerium-containing compound or compounds increase the energy released during combustion of the fuel. The ferric compound or compounds coat an interior wall of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to increase the power output of the engine by reducing the accumulation of residues deposited on the interior wall which interfere with the combustion of fuel.

Abstract: Provided are additives of formula I for use in hydrocarbonaceous compositions, such as petroleum or liquid fuels: (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein. The additives improve the corrosion resistance of the compositions. The additives also enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of any added biocides contained in such compositions.

Abstract: A composition and method for improving the performance, and thus, also the fuel economy, of an internal combustion engine by introducing a fuel additive into the engine's fuel supply to enhance fuel lubricity. The composition can feature a mixture of esters, glycol ether, and a solvent. The mixture of esters can include adipate esters, azelate esters, dodecanedioate esters, sebacate esters, or phthalate esters. Esters that may be used to create the composition can include a mixture of two or more adipate esters such as, for example, an adipic acid ester, a glutaric acid ester, and a succinic acid ester. The composition can further feature a smoke suppressant that can be an organometallic soap. The organometallic soap can be an iron salt of a fatty acid such as, for example, ferrocene. The composition can be used as a combustion modifier fuel additive and as a lubricating oil.

Abstract: Esterified polyalkene/UAR copolymer reaction products useful as (1) a friction modifier for lubricating oils such as automatic transmission fluids to improve torque capacity and anti-shudder durability and for continuous variable transmissions (CVTs), (2) a friction modifier for fuels or (3) a cold flow improver for diesel fuels are provided. The esterified copolymer reaction product may be used as is or can be further derivatized (e.g., by post treatment of the esterified copolymer reaction product with, for example, ethylene carbonate or boric acid).

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound and a boron compound. The composition is useful as a detergent additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: Provided are additives of formula I for use in hydrocarbonaceous compositions, such as petroleum or liquid fuels: (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein. The additives improve the corrosion resistance of the compositions and, when the composition is biodiesel, also improve microbial resistance. The additives further enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of any added biocides contained in such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel additive composition, and more particularly, to the fuel additive composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, silicate, borax, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and water. When the fuel additive composition of the present invention is added to fuels such as coal, oil, gas and etc., it stimulates fuel combustion, induces the complete combustion of fuel, and increases the heat transfer by preventing clinker formation and fouling in combustion apparatus. In particular, when the fuel additive composition is added to the coal, it increases a pulverizing efficiency in pre-treatment process, thereby facilitating supply of the coal to combustion apparatus advantageously.

Abstract: A gas-generating apparatus includes a cartridge including a reservoir having a first reactant and a reaction chamber, and a receiver that can include a flow control device. The receiver is adapted to receive the cartridge and to transport the first reactant to the reaction chamber after connection with the cartridge. The flow control device is adapted to stop the transport of reactant when the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, and a basic organic compound. The composition is useful as a detergent additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, and a basic organic compound. The composition is useful as a detergent additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: Reaction products of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, and an alkoxylated amine and/or alkoxylated amide. Also disclosed are lubricating oil compositions and fuel compositions containing the reaction products.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, and a basic organic compound. The composition is useful as a detergent additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: An aqueous fuel for generating hydrogen includes alkaline aqueous composition of about 17 to 37 mole percent of a sodium borohydride, and from about 0.001 to 1 mole percent of sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for providing lubricity in fuels and lubricants includes adding a boron compound to a fuel or lubricant to provide a boron-containing fuel or lubricant. The fuel or lubricant may contain a boron compound at a concentration between about 30 ppm and about 3,000 ppm and a sulfur concentration of less than about 500 ppm. A method of powering an engine to minimize wear, by burning a fuel containing boron compounds. The boron compounds include compound that provide boric acid and/or BO3 ions or monomers to the fuel or lubricant.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, and a basic organic compound. The composition is useful as a detergent additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: Chemical heating using a first reactant, a second reactant and a complexing agent adapted to complex reversibly with the first reactant and, thereby moderate the reaction between the first and second reactants. The heating formula is particularly well suited for heaters that are used to heat materials having relatively high viscosities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiphase fuel composition formed of an emulsion containing (a) a distillate fuel first phase, (b) a second phase formed of boric acid and a liquid that is a solvent for boric acid, but immiscible in the first phase, such as glycerol, and (c) a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of triborohydride salts as hydrogen storage materials. The present invention also relates to a system of using triborohydride salts to generate hydrogen gas for use in a fuel cell or other hydrogen-consuming device. A novel method of preparing triborohydride salts is also disclosed, wherein gaseous diborane is reacted with a carbonate suspended in a non-aqueous solvent in a suitable vessel with agitation. The process is typically carried out utilizing sodium carbonate to form sodium triborohydride. Other triborohydride salts can then be formed by cationic exchange. Hydrogen generating fuels according to the present invention include aqueous or hydroalcoholic solutions or slurries of a triborohydride salt, which may additionally contain a borohydride salt to provide operation over a broader temperature range.

Abstract: A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.

Abstract: A method for providing lubricity in fuels and lubricants includes adding a boron compound to a fuel or lubricant to provide a boron-containing fuel or lubricant. The fuel or lubricant may contain a boron compound at a concentration between about 30 ppm and about 3,000 ppm and a sulfur concentration of less than about 500 ppm. A method of powering an engine to minimize wear, by burning a fuel containing boron compounds. The boron compounds include compound that provide boric acid and/or BO3 ions or monomers to the fuel or lubricant.

Abstract: A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.

Abstract: A new fuel composition useful for catalytic fuel cells is made up of at least two components. The primary fuel component is a surface active compound, such as methanol, that is a source of and acts to prevent unwanted decomposition of the auxiliary fuel. The auxiliary fuel is a hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with a high reduction potential, such as NaBH4, which acts as a highly reactive source of energy and serves to catalyze the catalytic oxidation of the primary fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrates, including low sulfur liquid hydrocarbon fuel concentrates containing at least 5,000 ppm boric acid suspended in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, boat or motorcycle fuel. Also disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuels compositions formed by diluting the concentrate to form compositions containing only from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm boric acid. Also disclosed are liquid hydrocarbon fuel compositions formed of a reaction product of boric acid having a particle size of about 65 microns or less, associated with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel having a monomer or prepolymer chemically grafted thereon.

Abstract: Ethylene copolymers with octene and/or ethylene terpolymers with alpha-olefins from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally in the presence of other comonomers containing more than one unsaturation, usable as additives to increase the gas oil properties at low temperatures, obtainable by polymerization of the monomers in the presence of catalysts comprising: a bis-cyclopentadienyl derivative having the general formula: (Cp1Cp2)—M—(L2L3) containing groups with oxygen bound to the transition metal, wherein M is a metal from the IIIb group to the Vb group or of the lanthanide series of the Element Periodic Table; Cp1 and Cp2, equal to or different from each other, represent cyclopentadienyls bound to M with delocalized &pgr; bonds.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified, and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes and an aryl-substituted olefin. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. The polymers may be functionalized by grafting of heteroatom-containing olefins. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: An igniter composition for a gas generant and related methods of gas generation are provided in which, in addition to a boron fuel component and an oxidizer component, the igniter composition additionally includes a gas-producing fuel component.

Abstract: Compositions represented by the structures ##STR1## where Ar represents an aromatic group, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, at least one R having more than 12 carbon atoms, a is 1 to 4, and R' is hydrogen or alkyl, are useful as lubricant and fuel additives and as intermediates for the preparation of derivatives useful as such additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective mount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.

Abstract: Aerobic fungal growth in hydrocarbons contaminated with water is prevented by addition thereto of an additive comprising boron and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide in which the hydrocarbyl substituent is of a size sufficient to impart hydrocarbon solubility.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines comprising a gasoline, a hydrocarbon-soluble allotropic form of carbon, and optionally a dispersing agent are provided. Two-cycle engines operated utilizing the fuel compositions provided herein emit lessened amounts of undesirable hydrocarbon exhaust gas emissions.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines which composition comprises (A) a major amount of a fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, preferably either a lead free or low-lead fuel for use in a spark ignition engine and (B) a minor amount of a composition comprising a metal salt in the form of a particulate dispersion. Examples of suitable metal salts include potassium borate, sodium borate, potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate.