Abstract: A diesel engine fuel composition including methanol, at least 5% by weight water, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: ignition improvers, fuel extenders, combustion enhancers, oxygen absorbing oil, lubricity additives, product colouration additives, flame colour additives, anti corrosion additives, biocides, freeze point depressants, deposit reductants, denaturants, pH controlling agents, and mixtures thereof, and 0% to 20% by weight dimethyl ether. Also provided is a process of powering a compression ignition engine using such a diesel engine fuel.

Abstract: A thermosetting electroconductive paste composition includes an electroconductive powder (A) containing at least one of a silver-coated metal powder (A-1) and a powder of either copper or an alloy thereof (A-2), a thermosetting ingredient (B) containing at least one of an epoxy resin (B-1) and a blocked polyisocyanate compound (B-2), a hardener (C), and an alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic acid compound (D) which is a succinic acid or derivative thereof having an alkyl or alkenyl group having a carbon number of from 8 to 24 introduced into an ?-position. An amount of the alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic acid compound is 0.01 to 1.8 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a sum of the electroconductive powder (A) and the thermosetting ingredient (B).

Abstract: Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel anti-wear additives for diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. These novel additives will also improve the lacquering resistance of the higher-grade diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass.

Abstract: A diesel fuel and additive mixture is useful for reducing particulate matter emissions while improving or at least not aggravating oxidative stability during combustion. The additive includes at least one compound having a general formula selected from the group consisting of: and combinations thereof, wherein: R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having from about 1 to about 6 carbons. The additive is effective in diesel at concentrations as low as from about 50 to about 1000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: Motor fuel compositions containing ethanol, also known as gasohol, are disclosed, wherein the motor fuel is substantially in one phase and contains, 1 to 50, preferable 2 to 30 weight % of ethanol and an amount of water between 1 and 10 wt. % on the basis of the weight of the ethanol. Such motor fuel compositions can be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as feedstock. Furthermore such motor fuel compositions may be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as the sole feedstock. These motor fuel compositions may contain a second liquid phase that does not form a separate layer, and where no separate liquid phase can be detected by vision, and so meets with the specification that has become known as “clear and bright”.

Abstract: The use of a polyalkylene glycol of formula HO—(A—O)p—(CH2CH2—O)m—(A—O)q—H wherein A is a C3- to C20-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.

Abstract: A method cleaning up internal components of a fuel injector for a diesel engine. The method includes operating a fuel injected diesel engine on a fuel composition that includes a major amount of diesel fuel and from about 5 to about 500 ppm by weight of a reaction product derived from (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid, anhydride, or ester and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product is characterized by a particular FTIR spectrum.

Abstract: An additive may be added to an oil-based fluid having at least one wax foulant therein. The additive may be or include an alpha olefin copolymer, an alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin, an alkyl acrylate, a polyalkyl methacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer, imidazoline, and combinations thereof. The additive may alter at least one property of the wax foulant as compared to an otherwise identical oil-based fluid absent the additive. The altered property may be or include the amount of wax foulant deposited, the amount of paraffinic wax dispersed, settling rate of the paraffinic wax foulant, viscosity of the paraffinic wax foulant, shape of the paraffinic wax foulant, such as but not limited to softening the wax foulant, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A copolymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of (i) monomer units of the structure M1 in which the variables are each hydrogen, alkyl groups, carboxyl groups or carboxyl derivative moieties, and (ii) monomer units of the structure M2 in which R5 is the radical of a carboxylic ester of the formula -A-CO—O—R10 where A is an alkylene group and R10 is a hydrocarbyl radical, and in which R6, R7 and R8 are each hydrogen or alkyl radicals, and subsequent polymer-analogous reaction of the product formed with a long-chain hydrocarbyl alcohol. This copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillate fuels, especially those which consist of or comprise biofuel oils.

Abstract: A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel having a sulfur content of 15 ppm by weight or less; and a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product contains less than one equivalent of an amino triazole group per molecule of reaction product, and wherein the reaction product is present in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel direct and/or indirect fuel injectors.

Abstract: Diesel cycle fuel compositions are described containing at least one dianhydrohexitol compound according to the general formula 2 and/or its derived hydrocarbyl ethers or nitric ethers compounds, where the R? and R? substituents are both H or one or both of R? and R? is alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl, or one or both are —NO2. A preferred fuel composition is that containing dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) added or not of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) as ignition improver. The dianhydrohexitols compounds form compositions with at least one of the components selected among petroleum-derived diesel fuel, biodiesel, ethanol and water. The mixture of DMI and ISDN has excellent cetane number (IQT). Still, the oxygenated nature of the dianhydrohexitols and related compounds of the fuel compositions inhibits soot formation upon burning of the said Diesel cycle fuel compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing antioxidants, and specifically stable compositions containing antioxidants with limited solubility in and/or limited compatibility with the functional fluids with which they are used. In particular the present invention deals with functional fluids used in internal combustion engines, such as engine oils, and antioxidants containing a phenolic or benzoic group, where the antioxidant is present in the functional fluid composition at levels that would otherwise cause the composition to be unstable and/or hazy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of additives with detergent action selected from: (i) compounds with moieties derived from succinic anhydride and having hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups; (ii) nitrogen compounds quaternized in an acid-free manner, obtainable by addition of a compound comprising an oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with an anhydride and additionally a quaternizable amino group onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization; (iii) polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines for further increasing the cetane number of fuel oils which comprise cetane number improvers; furthermore, it relates to a fuel additive concentrate consisting of additives (i) to (iii), cetane number improvers, organic diluents or solvents and possibly customary co-additives.

Abstract: The cold flow of middle distillate fuels may be improved by adding an effective improving amount of one or more alpha-olefin compositions. The compositions include, but are not necessarily limited to, polymers of alpha-olefins per se, copolymerized or grafted alpha-olefins with maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, and/or alkyl methacrylates. These resulting copolymers or grafted polymers may be blended with alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins, which in turn may be blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. In a non-limiting example, the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) may be synergistically improved as compared with the expected additive effect of using the components separately.

Abstract: A biodiesel may be prepared using an admixture of petroleum diesel and an algal derived hydrotreated renewable diesel which can be treated with petroleum diesel cold flow additives. The resulting diesel fuel may be employed even in cold climates despite the high paraffin content and high degree of saturation of the hydrotreated renewable diesel component of the fuel.

Abstract: Lactone/alkylene oxide polymers are useful as additives to inhibit or prevent the deposition of paraffin in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly crude oil produced from a subterranean formation. These polymers are random or block polymers made from addition reactions of a hydroxyl- and/or amine-containing base compound with at least one lactone monomer and at least one alkylene oxide monomer. In one non-limiting embodiment the lactone monomer is optional.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-free fuel detergent additive, fuel additive compositions containing the same, and fuel compositions containing the same, for use in internal combustion engines, where the additive is the reaction product of (i) hydrocarbyl phenol, cresol or similar material and (ii) a aldehyde, in the presence of an optional catalyst, wherein the additive provides acceptable engine deposit control that is comparable and/or better than the deposit control provided by nitrogen-containing fuel additives.

Abstract: The use of a mixture comprising (A) 5 to 95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound which can interact with paraffin crystals in middle distillate fuels under cold conditions, and (B) 5 to 95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble aliphatic compound with an alkyl or alkenyl chain having at least 8 carbon atoms, obtainable from aliphatic mono- or dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 300 carbon atoms or derivatives thereof with mono- or polyamines or with alcohols, for lowering the cloud point in middle distillate fuels which, before the addition of additives, have a CP of ?8.0° C. or lower by at least 1.5° C. compared to the unadditized middle distillate fuel at a dosage of the mixture of 50 to 300 ppm by weight, with no simultaneous deterioration in the response behavior for the lowering of the cold filter plugging point on addition of cold flow improvers.

Abstract: This invention relates to functionalized monomers. The functionalized monomer may be reacted with an enophilic reagent (e.g., maleic anhydride) to form an enophilic reagent modified functionalized monomer. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents, functional compositions (e.g., food products, cleaners, etc.), and the like.

Abstract: A copolymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of (i) monomer units of the structure M1 in which the variables are each hydrogen, alkyl groups, carboxyl groups or carboxyl derivative moieties, and (ii) monomer units of the structure M2 in which R5 is the radical of a carboxylic ester of the formula -A-CO—O—R10 where A is an alkylene group and R10 is a hydrocarbyl radical, and in which R6, R7 and R8 are each hydrogen or alkyl radicals, and subsequent polymer-analogous reaction of the product formed with a long-chain hydrocarbyl alcohol. This copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillate fuels, especially those which consist of or comprise biofuel oils.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of organic acid esters of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by reacting a fructose or glucose-containing starting material with an organic acid or its anhydride in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of solid acid catalyst. The catalysts are heterogeneous and may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The esters can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

Abstract: The use of mixtures of (A) aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms or the dimerization or trimerization products thereof, which may be present in the form of free carboxylic acids and/or in the form of ammonium salts, amides, esters and/or nitriles, and (B) polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds which are obtainable from distillation residues of natural oils, which have been extracted from tree resins, for increasing the cetane number of fuel oils which comprise at least one additive with detergent action and at least one cetane number improver, the mixtures of components (A) and (B) being used in a concentration of 10 to 500 ppm by weight, based on the total amount of the fuel oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel for fuel cells which contains at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and formic acid, and 1-200 ppm of a hydrocarbon compound in terms of a single component as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Also disclosed are a fuel cartridge for fuel cells and a fuel cell.

Abstract: The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of solid (“heterogeneous”) acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

Abstract: An effective stress corrosion cracking (SCC) inhibiting amount of a corrosion inhibitor is added into a blend of fuel and ethanol that contacts a metal, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is an organic acid selected from citric acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, maleic acid, oxaloacetic acid, oxalosuccinic acid, ketoglutaric acid, isocitric acid, malic acid, aconitic acid, fumaric acid, isomers of these organic acids, and a combination thereof. For example, the corrosion inhibitors inhibit stress corrosion cracking of pipeline grade metal pipe at ethanol concentrations greater than fifteen percent. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is added into a blend of fuel and ethanol flowing through a pipeline at a plurality of injection points spaced apart along the length of the pipeline. In one option, the corrosion inhibitor is ammoniated to form the ammonium salt of the organic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising a dispersion comprising (a) an inorganic metal compound, (b) a quaternary salt surfactant and (c) an organic medium, wherein the metal compounds are uniformly dispersed in the organic medium. The invention also provides fuel compositions comprising said dispersion and methods of operating internal combustion engines and open flame burners utilizing said dispersion.

Abstract: The current invention provides a method for the manufacture of an ether of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by reacting a hexose-containing starting material with an olefin in the presence of an acid catalyst

Abstract: Methods for preserving technical products such as fuels and lubricants with a microbicidal composition. The composition is made up of at least one formaldehyde donor compound and at least one antioxidant. The antioxidant is either a gallic ester, a phenol derivative, a L-ascorbic acid, including salts and derivatives thereof, a tocopherol or one of its associated derivatives.

Abstract: The invention provides mineral oil distillates having a water content of less than 150 ppm and a conductivity of at least 50 pS/m, which comprise from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin and from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one nitrogen-containing polymer.

Abstract: Diesel cycle fuel compositions are described containing at least one dianhydrohexitol compound according to the general formula 2 and/or its derived hydrocarbyl ethers or nitric ethers compounds, where the R? and R? substituents are both H or one or both of R? and R? is alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl, or one or both are —NO2. A preferred fuel composition is that containing dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) added or not of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) as ignition improver. The dianhydrohexitols compounds form compositions with at least one of the components selected among petroleum-derived diesel fuel, biodiesel, ethanol and water. The mixture of DMI and ISDN has excellent cetane number (IQT). Still, the oxygenated nature of the dianhydrohexitols and related compounds of the fuel compositions inhibits soot formation upon burning of the said Diesel cycle fuel compositions.

Abstract: A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel; and a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine compound or salt. The amine compound has the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group and is present in the fuel in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel fuel injectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrocarbyl succinic acid and hydrocarbylsuccinic acid derivatives as friction modifiers for gasolines.

Abstract: Esterified polyalkene/UAR copolymer reaction products useful as (1) a friction modifier for lubricating oils such as automatic transmission fluids to improve torque capacity and anti-shudder durability and for continuous variable transmissions (CVTs), (2) a friction modifier for fuels or (3) a cold flow improver for diesel fuels are provided. The esterified copolymer reaction product may be used as is or can be further derivatized (e.g., by post treatment of the esterified copolymer reaction product with, for example, ethylene carbonate or boric acid).

Abstract: A multi-functional composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants. The composition includes an amination product of a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent and a mixture containing an aliphatic polyamine and an aromatic polyamine. The molar ratio of aliphatic polyamine to aromatic polyamine in the mixture ranges from about 10:0.1 to about 0.1:10. The amination product contains at least about 0.1 molar equivalent of the polyamine mixture to 1 molar equivalent of the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition is disclosed. The fuel oil includes a major proportion of a fuel oil and minor amounts of: (a) at least one polar nitrogen compound effective as a max anti-settling additive; and (b) at least one reaction product between a hydrocarbayl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and hydrazine.

Abstract: A method of improving the low temperature properties of a fuel oil and minor amounts of (a) at least one polar nitrogen compound effective and (b) at least one polyamine detergent is disclosed. The method involves adding to the composition (c) at least one acidic organic species.

Abstract: A middle-distillate fuel oil composition is disclosed. The middle-distillate fuel oil composition includes minor amounts of a quaternary ammonium salt of a polycarboxylic acid; and a polyalkylene amine detergent. The concentrations of (A) and (B) endow the composition with better low temperature properties than a corresponding composition in which (A) is replaced with (Aref), an amine salt of a polycarboxylic acid analogous to (A) and which is not a quaternary ammonium salt; and the concentration of (B) is such that it would adversely affect the low temperature properties of (Aref) in the corresponding composition.

Abstract: A fuel for use in a jet engine may be prepared by admixing a hydrocarbon fuel and a first additive selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde resins, maleic anhydride alpha olefin copolymers and mixtures thereof and a second additive comprising an admixture of platinum group and cerium compounds. The jet fuels including the additives may be used in jet engines where it is desirable to have reduced concentrations of particulates in exhausts, particularly when the jet engines are running at cruise speed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency with which fuel is burnt in a fuel burning apparatus, particularly an internal combustion engine, comprising dispersing an amount of at least one particulate lanthanide oxide, particularly cerium oxide, in the fuel. This invention further relates to tablets, capsules, compositions and liquid fuel additives suitable for dispersing a lanthanide oxide in fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric a fuel composition comprising (i) a fuel; and (ii) a polymeric compound; wherein the polymeric compound comprises at least one monomer unit of Formula I wherein R1 is H or a C1-10 hydrocarbyl group; wherein L is an optional C1-30 hydrocarbyl linker group; and wherein heterocycle is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: A diesel fuel compound has a major proportion of at least one diesel fuel and a minor proportion of at least one glycerol acetal corresponding to one of general formulas: in which: R1 and R2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, or an alkyl-ether chain, R1 and R2 being able together to form an oxygenated heterocyclic radical; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a radical of general formula: where R4 is a radical defined as R1 or R2, except for the hydrogen atom, or a radical of general formula: where R1 and R2 are defined as above, the sum of the number of carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R3 in formulas (1) and (2) being at least 2 and it has no metal compounds of group IIA.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a new low molecular weight branched alkenyl succinic acid derivative that may be prepared by reacting a low molecular weight polyisobutene (PIB) having from about 8 to about 32 carbon atoms, and wherein at least about 50% of the olefinic bonds of the polyisobutene comprises methylvinylidene isomer plus tri-substituted isomer, with an unsaturated acidic reagent and method of making same, resulting in alkenyl succinic acid derivative isomers; and a low molecular weight branched alkenyl succinimide and method of making same.

Abstract: The mixture contains (a) from 5 to 95% by weight of at least one reaction product of a poly(C2-20-carboxylic acid) having at least one tertiary amino group with secondary amines and (b) from 5 to 95% by weight of at least one reaction product of maleic anhydride and a primary alkylamine.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a composition comprising a partially dehydrated product made by: (I) reacting (A) a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with (B) a polyol, a polyamine, a hydroxyamine, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to form a first intermediate product comprising: an ester, partial ester or mixture thereof when (B) is a polyol; an amide, imide, salt, amide/salt, partial amide or mixture of two or more thereof when (B) is a polyamine; or an ester, partial ester, amide, partial amide, amide/salt, imide, ester/salt, salt or a mixture of two or more thereof when (B) is a hydroxyamine, a mixture of a polyol and a polyamine, a mixture of a polyol and a hydroxyamine, a mixture of a polyamine and a hydroxyamine, or a mixture of a polyol, a polyamine and a hydroxyamine; the hydrocarbyl substituent of said acid or anhydride having an average of about 8 to about 200 carbon atoms; and (II) heating said first intermediate product at an effective temperature to form a second interme

Abstract: This invention relates to a water blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) a nitrogen-free surfactant. The fuel composition may be used as the fuel for use in an open flame burning apparatus or in an internal combustion engine.