Abstract: There is provided use of a thermal stabiliser for increasing the thermal stability of a cetane improver in a fuel composition comprising (i) a fuel, and (ii) the cetane improver wherein the thermal stabiliser is a compound of the formula H—R1 wherein H is a group comprising a heterocyclic group and R1 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 200 carbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-temperature-stabilized fatty acid mixtures comprising A) from 10 to 99.99% by weight of fatty acid mixtures comprising: A1) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, A2) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and B) from 0.

Abstract: Compositions that comprise at least one compound that corresponds to the general formula in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, for example alkyl, with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, whereby at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is a hydrocarbon radical, m and m′ are each a number from 1 to 30, with m+m′ from 4 to 60, can be prepared by reaction of the isosorbide with one or more compounds that have an epoxide group. These compositions can be used as detergent additives for gasoline-type fuels.

Abstract: Compositions that comprise at least one compound that corresponds to the general formula in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a 1

Abstract: It has been discovered that less expensive, and in some cases synergistically effective anti-static additive blends may be added to hydrocarbon fuels to improve the conductivity thereof. The blend includes an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer and an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble polysulfone copolymer of at least one olefin and sulfur dioxide. Optional ingredients include polymeric polyamines and aryl sulfonic acids.

Abstract: A composition comprising a liquid petroleum product and a colorless marker compound in an amount that is not detectable visually, and a method for marking a liquid petroleum product with a colorless marker compound.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted C4 to C10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid, anhydrides or esters, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, preferably made by reacting polymer of C2 to C10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 1500 to 5,000, preferably with a C4 to C10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 1.05 to 1.25 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting materials are useful per se as oil additives, or may be further reacted with amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, boric acid, etc. to form dispersants.

Abstract: An additive for distillate and a fuel composition having improved cloud point depressant properties. The additive is incorporated into a major proportion of distillate fuel and is a maleic anhydride &agr;-olefin copolymer or a polyimide having the following structure: wherein R has at least 80% by weight of a hydrocarbon substituent from about 14 to about 16 carbons, X is oxygen or wherein N is nitrogen and R′ has at least 80% by weight of a hydrocarbon substituent from 16 to 18 carbons, and n is from about 2 to about 30 when X is oxygen, and from about 2 to about 17 when X is Alternatively, the cloud point additive can be an ethylene vinyl acetate isobutylene terpolymer.

Abstract: An additive combination for distillate fuels and a fuel composition having improved cold flow properties. The additive combination is incorporated into a major proportion of distillate fuel and is comprised of an ethylene vinyl acetate isobutylene terpolymer in combination with one or more of a maleic anhydride &agr;-olefin copolymer component, a polyimide component, and an alkyl phenol component each having one or more hydrocarbon substituents within specified carbon number ranges. Optionally, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer may also be incorporated as a component therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to combustion catalyst compositions which when blended into liquid hydrocarbon-base fuels reduce deposits in fuel combustion systems, inhibit corrosion in fuel systems and facilitate a more efficient oxidation of fuel. The combustion catalyst compositions comprise a surface-active/emulsifier agent, a lubricating oil and a liquid saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+2 wherein n is from 14 to 17.

Abstract: Petroleum products are marked with a marker such as thymolphthalein or cresolphthalein. When the marked petroleum products are contacted with a developing reagent, a color develops.

Abstract: Polyalkylene substituted carboxylic acylating agents which contain chlorine are synthesized by chlorine induced condensation of polyalkylenes and .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic groups are treated with sulfur to reduce chlorine content of the carboxylic acylating agent.

Abstract: Colorless markers for petroleum products and methods of detecting them.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing substituted acylating agents by the reaction of an enophile with an ene by the thermal route wherein (a) the molar ratio of the enophile to the ene is at least 3:1 and (b) the reaction pressure is raised to above 20 psig an least after addition of the enophile reaction to the reaction is completed and is maintained substantially constant until at least 80% of the ene reactant has been converted to the corresponding acylating agent. The agents so produced are substantially free of chlorine and can be further reacted with an amine or a hydroxy compound to form a derivative which can be used as an additive for a lubricating oil or a fuel.

Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These heterocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally liquid fuel and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each Ar is independently an aromatic group having from 4 to about 30 carbon atoms and from 0 to 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxy- or alkyl- polyoxyalkyl, nitro, aminoalkyl, carboxy or combinations of two or more of said optional substituents, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.1 is H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.4 is a monovalent terminating group, each m is independently 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 10, x ranges from 0 to about 8, and each Z is independently OH, lower alkoxy, (OR.sup.5).sub.b OR.sup.6 or O.sup.- wherein each R.sup.5 is independently a divalent hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.

Abstract: The use of products of the reaction of alkenyl-spirobislactones of the formula ##STR1## in which R is in each case C.sub.8 -C.sub.200 -alkenyl, with amines of the formulaNR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and at least one of these groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.36 -alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.36 -alkenyl or cyclohexyl and the other groups are hydrogen or a group of the formula --(A--O).sub.x H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NYZ, A is --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- and/or --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 --, x is a number from 1 to 20, n is 2 or 3 and Y and Z may be identical or different and are hydrogen or a group of the formula (--A--O).sub.x H, as paraffin-dispersants in middle distillates and crude oil.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins wherein at least 20 percent of the total high molecular weight olefin comprises the alkylvinylidene isomer are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a corrosion inhibited system comprising(1) an oxygenated fuel, and(2) an alkenyl or alkyl succinic acid or a polymer thereof.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the reaction products of (1) diaminodiols, and (2) the product of benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aminoalcohols and/or amines with long-chain hydrocarbyl groups attached.