Abstract: A method for the use of a monocarboxylic acid composition additive to inhibit formation of naphthenic deposits from crude oil is described. The invention provides for the inhibition of naphthenic using environmentally acceptable compositions, reducing waste water contamination. In use of the monocarboxylic acid compositions, the requirements for further additives, such as emulsion breakers, may also be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A stabilized paraffin inhibitor/pour point depressant (PI/PPD) product formulation is described which includes a copolymer having a monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, and combinations thereof, where the copolymer comprises vinyl acetate and the product includes an ethylene-based copolymer. The presence of the vinyl acetate stabilizes the product to prevent or inhibit the ethylene-based copolymer from separating out of the product. The product is useful to reduce paraffin deposition and/or improve flow characteristics of petroleum fluids, such as crude oil.

Abstract: There is disclosed an antifoam component which includes at least one poly(acrylate) copolymer for use in a diesel fuel. Poly(acrylate) polymers prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylate monomer comprising C1 to C30 alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid (“multifunctional monomer”) are also disclosed. Other poly(acrylate) polymers prepared by polymerizing (i) a (meth)acrylate monomer comprising C1 to C4 alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid (“solubility monomer”); (ii) a (meth)acrylate monomer comprising C5 to C12 alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid (“surface tension monomer”); and (iii) optionally at least one additional monomer comprising a solubility monomer, a surface tension monomer, a monomer comprising C1 to C30 alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid (“multifunctional monomer”), or combinations thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a toy, and methodologies and infrastructures for provision, operation, and utilization thereof, implementable in any configuration (plush, stuffed, doll, character, vehicle, etc.) that is operable to: (a) receive an electronic message (optionally inclusive of media and/or interactive content) from an authorized party, (b) provide at least one visual (and/or audio) indicator to a recipient (e.g., a child) that a message is present (e.g., a toy element or region may light up, flash, emit an audio signal), and (c) vocalize the electronic message to the recipient in response to at least one of: (1) one or more specific actions of the recipient (e.g., moving the toy, picking it up, touching the active indicator, a verbal utterance, etc.), and/or (2) detection of proximal presence of a recipient ready for receipt thereof. The inventive toy and related data processing infrastructures may comprise many additional capabilities and functions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a toy, and methodologies and infrastructures for provision, operation, and utilization thereof, implementable in any configuration (plush, stuffed, doll, character, vehicle, etc.) that is operable to: (a) receive an electronic message (optionally inclusive of media and/or interactive content) from an authorized party, (b) provide at least one visual (and/or audio) indicator to a recipient (e.g., a child) that a message is present (e.g., a toy element or region may light up, flash, emit an audio signal), and (c) vocalize the electronic message to the recipient in response to at least one of: (1) one or more specific actions of the recipient (e.g., moving the toy, picking it up, touching the active indicator, a verbal utterance, etc.), and/or (2) detection of proximal presence of a recipient ready for receipt thereof. The inventive toy and related data processing infrastructures may comprise many additional capabilities and functions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to additive compositions and their use for improving the low temperature properties of motor fuels and fuels. The additive compositions include at least one modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin and at least one filterability additive chosen from: the terpolymers of C4 to C22 alkyl (meth)acrylate, C20 to C24 alpha-olefin and maleimide N-substituted by a hydrocarbon chain having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms, the homopolymers of C1 to C40 alkyl (meth)acrylate, preferably the C8 to C24 alkyl polyacrylates, the ammonium salts of mono- or poly-carboxylic acid comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms. The present disclosure also relates to compositions of motor fuels or liquid hydrocarbon fuels including such compositions.

Abstract: Quaternized terpolymer formed from (A) ethylene, (B) C2-C14-alkenyl esters of one or more aliphatic C1-C20-monocarboxylic acids or C1-C24-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and (Cq) ethylenically unsaturated monomers which comprise at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form. The quaternized terpolymer is suitable as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits, for reducing fuel consumption and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: A copolymer with high chemical homogeneity, consisting of (A) 50 to 30% by weight of ethylene, (B) 50 to 70% by weight of C4- to C24-hydrocarbyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, (C) 0 to 5% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and (D) 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers, obtainable by polymerizing a mixture of 80 to 60% by weight of ethylene, 20 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers in a backmixing, continuous polymerization apparatus, and subsequently polymer-analogously esterifying the resulting copolymer with C4- to C24-hydrocarbinols. The inventive copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils, for lowering the lower mixing temperature of cold flow improver additives into fuel oils, and for improving the filterability of fuel oils comprising cold flow improver additives.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: Mineral oil distillates having an aromatics content of less than 21% by weight, a water content of less than 150 ppm and a conductivity of at least 50 pS/m, and comprising from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin (constituent I) which includes a structural element of the formula in which R5 is C1-C200-alkyl or C2-C200-alkenyl, O—R6 or O—C(O)—R6, R6 is C1-C200-alkyl or C2-C200-alkenyl and n is from 2 to 100, and from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one polar oil-soluble nitrogen compound (constituent II), excluding those mineral oil distillates in which between 0.001 and 10 ppm of an oil-soluble, organic sulfonic acid-ammonium salt are present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acrylic block polymers, either block copolymers or homopolymers, synthesized by a controlled free-radical process, and their use as low temperature flow modifiers in bio-derived fuel compositions. They are especially useful in modifying the low temperature flow behavior in bio-derived fuels. The acrylic polymers are especially useful as cold filter plugging control additives in bio-derived fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising at least one biodiesel fuel and comprising 0.05 to 5% by weight of at least one polymer comprising ester groups, which comprises repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, and repeat units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, and the polymer comprising ester groups has a weight-average molecular weight in the range from 5000 to 100 000 g/mol. The present invention further describes the use of polymers comprising ester groups as flow improvers in fuel compositions which comprise at least one biodiesel fuel. Surprising advantages can be achieved especially with regard to the improvement of the cloud point and the low-temperature storability.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at temperatures above 150° C., whilst not substantially adversely affecting the water separability of the jet fuel. The method includes the step of adding at least one copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a derivative thereof to the jet fuel; wherein the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof is copolymerized with a nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing monomer; or the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof includes nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing branches.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a fuel oil and a minor amount of a compound being the product of the 1,4-addition reaction of (i) ammonia, a primary or secondary hydrocarbyl-substituted amine or a mixture thereof to (ii) a species containing one or more ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl groups, wherein the compound includes at least one hydrocarbyl group containing at least 10 carbon atoms. The fuel oil composition has improved low temperature properties.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of controlling by-products or pollutants from fuel combustion, comprising corn-busting a fuel containing a dispersion, the dispersion comprises: (a) a mixture of at least two metal bases, wherein each metal of the metal bases has an average oxidation state of (+2) or higher, (b) at least one surfactant; and (c) at least one organic medium, wherein the metal bases are uniformly dispersed in the organic medium.

Abstract: A fuel oil containing a conductivity improving additive comprising the combination of: (a) a polymethacrylate, polyacrylate or polyfumarate polymer not prepared from a quaternary ammonium monomer and having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to 10,000,000 and either (b) a conductivity improver comprising (i) an olefin polysulfone and (ii) a polymeric polyamine reaction product of epichlorohydrin and an aliphatic primary monoamine or an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine, or the sulfonic acid salt of the polymeric polyamine reaction product or (c) a conductivity improver comprising a hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer, wherein the copolymer has an alkylvinyl monomer unit to cationic vinyl monomer unit ratio of from about 1:1 to about 10:1, the copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from about 800 to about 1,000,000.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel oil composition F) comprising F1) a fuel oil of mineral origin and F2) a fuel oil of vegetable and/or animal origin, and, as a cold additive, the constituents A) at least one copolymer composed of ethylene and 8-21 mol % of at least one acrylic or vinyl ester having a C1-C18-alkyl radical and B) at least one comb polymer containing structural units having C8-C16-alkyl radicals, the structural units being selected from C8-C16-alkyl (meth)acrylates, C8-C16-alkyl vinyl esters, C8-C16-alkyl vinyl ethers, C8-C16-alkyl(meth)acrylamides, C8-C16-alkyl allyl ethers and C8-C16-diketenes, where the sum R R = m 1 · ? i ? w 1 ? i · n 1 ? i + m 2 · ? j ? w 2 ? j · n 2 ? j + … + m g · ? p ? w gp · n gp of the molar averages of the carbon chain length distributions in the alkyl radicals of the monomers B) is from 11.0 to 14.0, where m1, m2, . . .

Abstract: A solid fuel for use in fuel cells is presented. The solid fuel includes solid oxygenates, and mixtures for generating a gaseous fuel from the solid fuel. The solid fuel can be contained in a cartridge and reacted with a liquid reactant for generating a gaseous fuel used in the fuel cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel filter for use with internal combustion engines. The fuel filter includes a fuel additive that can be released into fuel. The rate of release for the fuel can be controlled. In one form the fuel additive can be mixed with a matrix material and released at a substantially constant rate to maintain a uniform level of fuel additive in the fuel. Use of the present invention provides a fuel filter having an extended life span that is longer than fuel filters typically used with combustion engines.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a fuel when released into the fuel, the sustained release component is (1) a polymeric material, (2) substantially insoluble in the fuel, and (3) effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the fuel relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric compound comprising at least one monomer unit of Formula I 1

Abstract: A method of improving the flow properties of a wax-containing crude oil and natural gas liquids containing a natural pour point depressant wherein a synthetic pour point depressant is added to the crude oil or natural gas liquid when at a temperature of not more than 20° C. below the inversion temperature thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-temperature-stabilized fatty acid mixtures comprising A) from 10 to 99.99% by weight of fatty acid mixtures comprising: A1) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, A2) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and B) from 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to additives for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillates, containing from 10 to 95% by weight of copolymers A), from 5 to 90% by weight of copolymers B) and, if required, from 0 to 70% by weight of copolymers C), which correspond to the following formulae: A) copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters, B) copolymers comprising B1) from 40 to 60 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula  where X is O or N—R4 and in which a and b are 0 or 1 and a +b=1, and B2) from 60 to 40 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula —H2C—CR11R5—  B2 and, if required, B3) from 0 to 20 mol % of bivalent structural units which are derived from polyolefins, the polyolefins being derivable from monoolefins having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and in which a) R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 10 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl radical having 1 to 100 alkoxy units and 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl

Abstract: A polymer having structural units derived from an ester (1) of an aliphatic carboxylic acid with an aliphatic alcohol, wherein either the acid or the alcohol is ethylenically unsaturated and the other of the acid or alcohol has a medium length chain group of 440 carbon atoms; said polymer having a molecular weight of less than 30,000.

Abstract: Copolymers containing A) from 45 to 54 mol % of divalent structural units of the formula 1 in which a and b=0 or 1 and a+b=1, B) from 35 to 53 mol % of divalent structural units of the formula 2 —H2C—CHR2—  (2) and C) from 1 to 25 mol % of divalent structural units derived from polyolefins, where the polyolefins can be derived from monoolefins having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein a) R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 10 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl radical having 1 to 100 alkoxy units and 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and b) R2 is an alkyl radical having 10 to 50 carbon atoms, c) the alkylvinylidene content of the polyolefins on which the structural units C) are based is at least 50 mol %, and d) the number of carbon atoms in the polyolefin molecules on which the structural units C) are based is from 35 to 350.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolymer consisting of the following monomer components: a) 48-98 wt. % of compounds of formula (I), b) 2-30 wt. % of one or several oxygen-containing methacrylates of formula (II) and c) 0-30 wt. % of a methacrylate of formula (III) of styrol, the quantities a)-c) totalling 100 wt. %. The inventive copolymer is suitable as a an additive for diesel fuels and biodiesel.

Abstract: It has been discovered that less expensive, and in some cases synergistically effective anti-static additive blends may be added to hydrocarbon fuels to improve the conductivity thereof. The blend includes an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer and an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble polysulfone copolymer of at least one olefin and sulfur dioxide. Optional ingredients include polymeric polyamines and aryl sulfonic acids.

Abstract: Each of interacting toys comprises a housing defining its form and outward appearance, means for transmitting messages with information about the first toy, means for receiving messages transmitted by the other toy with information about the second toy, means for reproducing reaction of the first toy to the second toy and to the user interaction, storage means containing data about reactions of the first toy to various other toys and to various user actions.

Abstract: Winterized wax crystal modifiers which remain fluid at temperatures ranging from about −40° F. to 160° F. and methods for winterizing wax crystal modifiers are provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrogenated block diene polymer and saturated hydrocarbon mixture as a cold flow improver in an oil.

Abstract: Diesel fuels, particularly low sulfur diesel fuels, contain additives which increase the lubricity in the fuel and reduce the amount of smoke in the exhaust. These additives are esters having a viscosity of 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100.degree. C. and a smoke index of at least 75.

Abstract: The low temperature flow properties of wax-containing liquids are improved by adding a composition comprising (i) a polymer of a C.sub.8-20 alkyl ester of an ethyleneically unsaturated 1,2-diacid, and (ii) the reaction product of an alkanolamine with a C.sub.8-50 hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: Polymer blends containa) from 10 to 90% by weight of an imide of a copolymer based on an .alpha.-olefin and on an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine andb) from 10 to 90% by weight of a copolymer which differs from a) and contains at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acrylates, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives,and are used as additives for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: A composition having increased electrical conductivity, comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an anti-static amount of a hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer. The copolymer has an alkylvinyl monomer unit to cationic vinyl monomer unit ratio of from about 1:1 to about 10:1, and has an average molecular weight of from about 800 to about 1,000,000. Other related compositions and methods for measuring electrical conductivity of liquids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reducing fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine comprises operating said engine on a fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel and a minor amount of an additive comprising an ester of a polyhydric polyether having ether oxygens and free and esterified hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric polyether backbone. One such ester additive is decaglycerol tetraoleate, which is an ester of decaglycerol and oleic acid containing an average of four adducted oleic acid units and 10-12 free hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: The present invention improves the low temperature flow property of a fuel oil having a boiling point of 120.degree.-150.degree. C. by adding a novel compound prepared by reacting pri-, sec- or tert-aliphatic amine containing alkyl group of 1-30 carbon atoms with 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-endo-.alpha.,.beta.-succinic acid or anhydride thereof together with a polymer having ethylene structure and/or a terpolymer of dialkyl fumarate-vinyl ester-vinyl ether.

Abstract: Mixtures containinga) 58 to 95% by weight of at least one ester with an iodine value of 50 to 150 derived from fatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,b) 4 to 40% by weight of at least one ester of fatty acids containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms andc) 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one polymeric ester, are distinguished by particular low-temperature stability and can be used as a fuel for diesel engines.

Abstract: Polyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, suitable for improvement of the viscosity index, are used as oil additives imparting improved dispersant and detergent effects in diesel and gasoline engines, said polyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates being copolymers comprising from 80 to 99.5 parts by weight of alkyl acrylates of methacrylates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.1 is alkyl having from 6 to 24, and preferably from 8 to 20, carbon atoms, together with from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of at least one functionalized alkyl methacrylate of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and substituted with at least one OH group, or is a polyalkoxylated group of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.

Abstract: The use as an additive to improve the low temperature properties of distillate fuels having a cloud point (wax appearance temperature) above 0.degree. C. and containing more than 5 wt. % wax at 10.degree. C. below the cloud point (wax appearance temperature) of a mixture of a comb polymer together with a poly-alkyl ester, ether, ester/ether of a polyhydroxy compound.

Abstract: AB and ABA block copolymers of acrylics and acrylic amines are useful as oil additives to diminish sediment and color formation. The copolymers are preferably formed by group transfer polymerization.