Abstract: A process plant and a process for production of a hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel from a feedstock being a renewable feedstock or an oxygenate feedstock, including combining the feedstock with an amount of a hydrocracked intermediate product and optionally an additional liquid diluent, to form a combined feedstock, directing the combined feedstock to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, separating the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in at least two fractions; a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction, directing at least an amount of the liquid fraction to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions to provide an isomerized intermediate product, fractionating said isomerized intermediate product to provide at least a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel and a bottom fraction, hydrocracking the bottom fraction to provide the hydrocrack

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of reducing regeneration frequency of a diesel particulate filter in a vehicle combusting diesel fuel. The method includes combusting a diesel fuel in a vehicle engine having a diesel particulate filter and wherein the diesel particulate filter requires regeneration thereof. The diesel fuel has less than about 50 ppmw of sulfur and one or more select additives to reduce a measured frequency of regeneration of the diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A process for increasing olefin production from refinery that processes hydrocarbon streams that are rich in aromatic compounds and includes steam cracking and hydrotreating an aromatically rich feedstock to produce a hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream and light pyrolysis oil byproduct, saturating at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream together with the hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream or together with the light pyrolysis oil byproducts to form a first naphthene stream, and steam cracking the first naphthene stream to produce olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides a bio-based acrylic monomer, particularly a plant oil-based acrylic monomer, which is well-suited for emulsion polymerization and latex formation in aqueous medium. Polymers and copolymers formed from the bio-based acrylic monomer are also provided. The invention further provided methods for making the monomer from bio-based triglycerides or fatty esters.

Abstract: The invention provides a bio-based acrylic monomer, particularly a plant oil-based acrylic monomer, which is well-suited for emulsion polymerization and latex formation in aqueous medium. Polymers and copolymers formed from the bio-based acrylic monomer are also provided. The invention further provided methods for making the monomer from bio-based triglycerides or fatty esters.

Abstract: A power transmitting fluid comprises a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount of an additive composition. The additive composition comprises: (a) a friction modifier of the formula: (b) an oil-soluble phosphorus compound; and, (c) an ashless dispersant; wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Z represents a polyoxyalkylene segment or a polyalkoxylated alkyl amine segment. The friction modifiers provide the fluid with improved fluoroelastomer seal compatibility and enhanced copper corrosion compatibility.

Abstract: A power transmitting fluid comprises a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount of an additive composition. The additive composition comprises: (a) a friction modifier of the formula: (b) an oil-soluble phosphorus compound; and, (c) an ashless dispersant; wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Z represents a polyoxyalkylene segment or a polyalkoxylated alkyl amine segment. The friction modifiers provide the fluid with improved fluoroelastomer seal compatibility and enhanced copper corrosion compatibility.

Abstract: Methods for making a fuel composition comprising contacting one or more components of a hydroprocessing feedstock, for example both a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component, with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions are disclosed. The methods are effective to upgrade the component(s) and provide a hydroprocessed biofuel. A representative method utilizes a single-stage process in which hydrogen-containing recycle gas is circulated through both a hydrodeoxygenation zone and a hydrocracking zone in series.

Abstract: Sequestering agents for use in fuels and lubricating oils derived from Mannich condensation reaction utilizing a polyisobutyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, an alkali metal base, and glycine or aspartic acid, or an ester thereof.

Abstract: A fuel soluble additive for a diesel engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a diesel engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from the reaction of (a) a hydrocarbyl amine containing at least one tertiary amino group, (b) an epoxide compound selected from a glycidol, a glycidyl ether, glycidyl ester, polyglycidyl ether, a polyglycidyl ester, and combinations thereof, wherein substituents of the glycidyl group have, on average, less than five carbon atoms per hetero atom, and (c) optionally a proton donor.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: A fuel additive for a hydrocarbon based fuel that has one or more of the following Components: Component A; a non-ionic surfactant having the formula wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of from 2 to 8; Component B; a compound selected from the group consisting of partially sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, polymer condensates of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, and naphthalene sulfonic acids with formaldehyde and mixtures thereof; Component C; a polycarboxylate-type material comprising at least one of a ammonium polyacrylate, a polyacrylate derivative, a hydrophobic copolymer, or a hydrophobically modified acrylic polymer having a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.0; Component D; a finely divided poly alpha olefin; or Component E; any combination of A, B, C, or D.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble compound B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization and which is selected from ethylene copolymers and 2 to 10.5 mole % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated carbonic ester for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C), which are different from B), in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

Abstract: Gemini surfactants of bis-N-alkyl polyether, bis-N-alkenyl polyether, bis-N-cycloalkyl polyether, bis-N-aryl polyether bis-beta or alpha-amino acids or their salts, are produced for use as multifunctional corrosion inhibitors, which protect and prevent corrosion of ferrous metals exposed to acidic, basic and neutral liquids when transporting or storing crude oil and liquid fuels. The surfactants are also used to inhibit corrosion of equipment and pipes used in cooling systems in petroleum and petrochemical equipment.

Abstract: Describe are methods of extracting the lipid fraction from trap grease using vegetable oil, such as vegetable oils sourced from waste cooking oil. The method includes mixing a volume of vegetable oil with a volume of trap grease. The mixture is comprised of an aqueous fraction, a solid fraction, and a lipid fraction. The mixture is heated to a temperature in a range from about 50 degrees C. to about 100 degrees C. for a period of time sufficient to extract at least 80 percent of the lipids from the trap grease. The lipid fraction is then separated from the solid fraction. The method may further include a process of producing biodiesel from the extracted lipid fraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to corrosion inhibitor additive combinations giving long acting performance in oxygenated gasoline blends comprising either low carbon number (<3) or high carbon number (greater than or equal to 4) alcohols or mixtures thereof and adapted for use in fuel delivery systems and internal combustion engines. The invention also is concerned with a process for conferring anti-corrosion properties to oxygenates in gasoline fuel mixtures wherein the oxygenate comprises biologically-derived butanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to the fuel from the deposit control additive.

Abstract: A method for separating neutral lipids from plant material, in particular, intact algal cells, using an amphipathic solvent set and a hydrophobic solvent set. Some embodiments include dewatering intact algal cells and then extracting neutral lipids from the algal cells. The methods provide for single and multistep extraction processes which allow for efficient separation of algal neutral lipids from a wet algal biomass while avoiding emulsification of extraction mixtures. The neutral lipids are removed after first removing a polar lipid fraction and a protein fraction. These neutral lipids can be used to generate renewable fuels as well as food products and supplements.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate comprises a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated fatty amine, a fatty acid or derivative thereof, and mixture thereof; an alcohol; and a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of a low molecular weight carboxylic acid or anhydride or derivative there of, glycol ether, alkylated phenol, and a mixtures thereof wherein the fuel additive concentrate remains fluid at ?80 C or lower wherein the solvent has enough aromatic content to permit the fuel additive concentrate to be a fluid at minus 80 C. A fuel composition comprises fuel and the fuel additive concentrate. A method of operating a gasoline internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition and is effective in reducing fuel consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-free fuel detergent additive, fuel additive compositions containing the same, and fuel compositions containing the same, for use in internal combustion engines, where the additive is the reaction product of (i) hydrocarbyl phenol, cresol or similar material and (ii) a aldehyde, in the presence of an optional catalyst, wherein the additive provides acceptable engine deposit control that is comparable and/or better than the deposit control provided by nitrogen-containing fuel additives.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing and processing a feedstock from a photosynthetic microorganism. Also provided are various transgenic photosynthetic microorganism and photobioreactors for use in the methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel composition, comprising: (A) a normally liquid fuel; and (B) a cold flow improving amount of (i) a metathesized natural oil; (ii) a metathesized natural oil derivative; or (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii). The invention also relates to metathesized derivatives formed by the reaction of a metathesized natural oil with a nucleophile, oxidizer, aromatic compound, enophilic acid reagent, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition that can achieve environment load reduction, low temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together and is suitably used in a winter season. The gas oil composition comprises an Ft synthetic base oil in an amount of 60 percent by mass or more on the basis of the total mass of the composition and has a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an aromatic content of 10 percent by volume or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, an end point of 360° C. or lower, an insoluble content after an oxidation stability test of 0.5 mg/100 mL or less, an HFRR wear scar diameter (WS1.4) of 400 ?m or smaller and a specific relation in normal paraffin contents and the total content thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel compounds of the formula (I), as well as to their manufacture and use and compositions comprising them. The invention also relates to a change in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons admixed to these compounds. Furthermore the invention relates to (bio)diesel fuel comprising such compounds.

Abstract: Methods for making a fuel composition comprising contacting one or more components of a hydroprocessing feedstock, for example both a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component, with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions are disclosed. The methods are effective to upgrade the component(s) and provide a hydroprocessed biofuel. A representative method utilizes a single-stage process in which hydrogen-containing recycle gas is circulated through both a hydrodeoxygenation zone and a hydrocracking zone in series.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel for fuel cells which contains at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and formic acid, and 1-200 ppm of a hydrocarbon compound in terms of a single component as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Also disclosed are a fuel cartridge for fuel cells and a fuel cell.

Abstract: Provided is a mixture containing: (a) a polar oil-soluble nitrogen compounds which is capable of sufficiently dispersing paraffin crystals precipitated out under cold conditions in a fuel and is a reaction product formed from reacting a poly(C2- to C20-carboxylic acid), which has at least one tertiary amino group, with a primary or secondary amine; (b) an oil-soluble acid amide reaction product formed from reacting a polyamide, which has from 2 to 1000 carbon atoms, with a C8- to C30-fatty acid or fatty acid-like compound, which has a free carboxyl group; and (c) an oil-soluble reaction product formed from reacting an ?,?-dicarboxylic acid, which has from 4 to 300 carbon atoms, or a derivatives thereof, with a primary alkylamine, wherein the sum of components (a) to (c) constitute 100 wt. % of the mixture. The mixture is suitable as a paraffin dispersant in fuels, especially those having a biodiesel content.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition containing metallic additives that are stabilized against phase separation. The diesel fuel contains a colloidally dispersed or solubilized metal catalyst compound, which can be used for diesel particulate trap regeneration and, as a stabilizer, 5-1,000 ppm (weight) of an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible organic compound having a lipophilic hydrocarbyl chain having attached directly thereto at least two contiguous polar head functional groups, i.e., the functional groups are separated by no more than three carbon atoms. The diesel fuel composition is particularly suitable for use with diesel engines fitted with a particulate trap for emissions control.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for producing biofuel from cellulosic feedstock. In the method, the cellulosic feedstock is pretreated to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Thereafter, the cellulose and hemicellulose are converted into sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, the sugars are converted into lipids, e.g. triglycerides, through a microbial process. Specifically, heterotrophic microalgae is grown on the triglycerides and forms triglycerides. While triglycerides are formed from the cellulose and hemicellulose, the lignin is converted into ringed hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes, e.g., cycloparaffins. To form the biofuel, the triglycerides and ringed hydrocarbons are processed together. During this step, the triglycerides are converted into straight chain paraffins and esters. Preferably, the biofuel is a surrogate for jet quality JP-8 fuel.

Abstract: A method to transesterify triglycerides in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a transesterification catalyst selected from the group of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides and the alkali metal hydroxides, and at least one activator other than the transesterification catalyst, selected from the group comprising salt compounds, titanates and non-salt compounds having a density of at least 0.9 g/ml, is provided. Additionally provided is a method to prepare biodiesel by transesterification of a natural fat.

Abstract: Formulations using tartaric compounds of the present invention in a low sulfur, low ash and low phosphorous lubricant lower wear, and friction and improves fuel economy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersion composition containing (a) a metal base selected from the group consisting of: (i) a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 51 wt % of the composition; (ii) a metal base other than a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 15 wt % of the composition; and (iii) mixtures thereof; (b) a surfactant; and (c) an organic medium containing less than about 2 wt % of water. The invention further provides a process for preparing the composition and a method for its use.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive composition, a fuel containing the fuel additive, a method for improving diesel engine performance using the additive and a method for making the additive for diesel engines having a high pressure fuel injection system. The fuel additive has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from about 500 to about 10,000 and is selected from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride or derivative thereof and a hydrocarbyl-substituted Mannich base. The additive has a molecular weight distribution such that less than about 25 wt. % of the additive has a molecular weight of 400 or less as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) based on a polystyrene calibration curve.

Abstract: The use of alkoxylates and nitrogen containing detergents in a fuel additive composition to prevent intake valve sticking and reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Petroleum products comprising biologically based carbon are provided. A biologically based surfactant is added to petroleum and an emulsion composition having lower viscosity than the petroleum is formed. The petroleum is subjected to processing and the surfactant is co-processed with the petroleum to provide petroleum products comprising biologically based carbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative having formula (III): [Y—CO[O-A-CO]n-Z-R+]m pXq? (III) wherein Y is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, n is from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 10, m is from 1 to 4, q is from 1 to 4 and p is an integer such that pq=m, Z is an optionally substituted divalent bridging group which is attached to the carbonyl group through a nitrogen atom, R+ is an ammonium group and Xq- is a non-sulphur-containing anion. Furthermore, the present invention provides a lubricating composition and a fuel composition containing the poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative and the use of the poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative for decreasing the phosphorus volatility of a fluid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward systems and methods of providing a low-emissions diesel fuel for use in cold climates. Such fuels may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch process and include a pour point depressant. Furthermore, the fuel is used in conjunction with a heated fuel delivery system so that low cloud points are not necessary. Fuels prepared according to embodiments of the present invention may be produced in higher yields than otherwise possible because a higher paraffin wax content can be tolerated, thus obviating the need to remove or exclude the wax. These fuels are characterized by a sulfur content less than 1 ppm, a cetane number greater than 60, an aromatics content less than 1 wt %, and a difference between the cloud and pour points that is greater than about 5° C. The present fuel may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from any number of carbon-containing sources such natural gas, coal, petroleum products, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Aviation-grade kerosene comprising a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins, and a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics.

Abstract: Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity (“clusters”), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to component (b) in the reaction mixture used to prepare the performance enhancing additive is at least 1.5:1.

Abstract: A high power diesel fuel composition and method for increasing immediate power output of a diesel engine using same, the high power diesel fuel composition comprising: about 50% v/v or more ultra low sulfur diesel fuel; and, from about 40 to about 60 ppmw of one or more metal carboxylate comprising one or more metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, manganese, iron, and combinations thereof; the diesel fuel composition having a cetane value of 48 or more.

Abstract: An additive mixture as component of a composition of mineral oil as main component and trace portions of an additive mixture containing the additive components a) ethylene-vinylester copolymers modified by polar groups with molecular mass weight averages from 3000 to 50000 and an ethylene component of 50 to 90 mass %, and b) C2-C6-oxyalkyl-bridged C12-C40-monocarboxylic acids, and/or c) partially and/or completely imidated copolymers of unsaturated C4-C20-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and vinyl aromatics and/or C2-C36-?-olefins, whereby the content of the additive mixture in the mineral is 0.005 to 1 mass %. The compositions are suitable as flowable media to be transported at low temperatures and as mineral oil fuels with high lubricity and flowability.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a machine that includes a stationary casing and a cylindrical rotor located substantially within the stationary casing, the rotor defining a longitudinal axis, the rotor adapted to rotate about the longitudinal axis; the machine defining a reaction zone within the machine and a separation zone within the machine, the reaction zone fluidly coupled to the separation zone.

Abstract: The invention provides a water blended fuel composition made by combining (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; (iii) a nitrogen-free surfactant; and an acid having a pKa of up to about 6.

Abstract: The invention provides mineral oil distillates having a water content of less than 150 ppm and a conductivity of at least 50 pS/m, which comprise from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin and from 0.1 to 200 ppm of at least one nitrogen-containing polymer.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition, fuel comprising said additive, and methods of use thereof are provided. The fuel additive composition comprises a synergistic combination of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and a compound of the following formula: and tautomers and enantiomers thereof, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, and wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:5. The fuel additive composition is present in fuel in an amount sufficient to improve the conductivity properties of the fuel.

Abstract: A diesel fuel containing a soot dispersant additive which is a grafted and derivatized low molecular weight copolymer of ethylene and at least one C3-C10 alpha monoolefin is provided. Also provided is a method for improving the fuel economy of a diesel engine which comprises operating the diesel engine with a fuel composition comprising (a) a major amount of a diesel fuel and (b) a minor fuel economy improving effective amount of the soot dispersant additive.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: Mixture of (a) polar oil-soluble nitrogen compounds which are capable of sufficiently dispersing paraffin crystals precipitated out under cold conditions in fuels, (b) oil-soluble acid amides formed from polyamides having from 2 to 1000 carbon atoms and C8- to C30-fatty acids or fatty acid-like compounds comprising free carboxyl groups and (c) oil-soluble reaction products formed from ?,?-dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 300 carbon atoms or derivatives thereof and primary alkylamines. The mixture mentioned is suitable as a paraffin dispersant in fuels, especially those having a biodiesel content.