Abstract: A fuel oil containing a conductivity improving additive comprising the combination of: (a) a polymethacrylate, polyacrylate or polyfumarate polymer not prepared from a quaternary ammonium monomer and having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to 10,000,000 and either (b) a conductivity improver comprising (i) an olefin polysulfone and (ii) a polymeric polyamine reaction product of epichlorohydrin and an aliphatic primary monoamine or an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine, or the sulfonic acid salt of the polymeric polyamine reaction product or (c) a conductivity improver comprising a hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer, wherein the copolymer has an alkylvinyl monomer unit to cationic vinyl monomer unit ratio of from about 1:1 to about 10:1, the copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from about 800 to about 1,000,000.

Abstract: The use of alkoxylates and nitrogen containing detergents in a fuel additive composition to prevent intake valve sticking and reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Fuel additive packages and fuel compositions having environmentally compatible characteristics as defined by European Council Directive 67/548/EEC is disclosed. Such additive packages and compositions may include components selected from non-persistent materials, non-bioaccumulative materials, or non-toxic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersion composition containing (a) a metal base selected from the group consisting of: (i) a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 51 wt % of the composition; (ii) a metal base other than a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 15 wt % of the composition; and (iii) mixtures thereof; (b) a surfactant; and (c) an organic medium containing less than about 2 wt % of water. The invention further provides a process for preparing the composition and a method for its use.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a fuel when released into the fuel, the sustained release component is (1) a polymeric material, (2) substantially insoluble in the fuel, and (3) effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the fuel relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. A process for making these compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: An additive composition for a fuel oil composition and that is free of polycyclic carboxylic acids and of acid derivatives thereof comprises an additive that comprises one or more monocarboxylic acids, each having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, or acid derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with one or both of an anti-oxidant additive and an anti-static additive.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward systems and methods of providing a low-emissions diesel fuel for use in cold climates. Such fuels may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch process and include a pour point depressant. Furthermore, the fuel is used in conjunction with a heated fuel delivery system so that low cloud points are not necessary. Fuels prepared according to embodiments of the present invention may be produced in higher yields than otherwise possible because a higher paraffin wax content can be tolerated, thus obviating the need to remove or exclude the wax. These fuels are characterized by a sulfur content less than 1 ppm, a cetane number greater than 60, an aromatics content less than 1 wt %, and a difference between the cloud and pour points that is greater than about 5° C. The present fuel may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from any number of carbon-containing sources such natural gas, coal, petroleum products, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided that is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkoxylated amine or etheramine. Furthermore, there also is an additive concentrate for use in fuels, especially in gasoline for internal combustion engines, comprising (a) a friction modifier comprising of a branched saturated carboxylic acid salt of an alkoxylated amine, such as isohexyloxypropylamine isostearate; (b) a detergent package, as well as the combustible fuels containing this additive concentrate. The particular selection of friction modifier (a) enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant benefit in friction loss when incorporated in gasoline used to fuel an internal combustion engine, and hence an improvement in fuel economy.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of combustion chamber deposits in an engine using a friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided. The friction modifier is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkylated or alkoxylated amine. The particular selection of friction modifier enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant decrease in CCD without increasing the incidence of IVD deposits in combustion engines running on a fuel modified with the additive concentrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to fuel oil, especially middle distillate fuel oil, compositions comprising middle distillate fuel oil and at least one fuel-soluble or fuel dispersible calcium and/or magnesium salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-temperature-stabilized additives for fuel oils having a sulfur content of up 0.05% by weight, comprising fatty acid mixtures of A1) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, A2) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and B) at least one polar nitrogen-containing compound which is effective as paraffin dispersant in middle distillates, in an amount of from 0.01 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of A1), A2) and B), and to the use of said mixtures for improving the lubrication properties of low-sulfur middle distillates.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. The process for making these compounds involves reacting phenol units and salicylic acid units in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to additives for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillates, containing from 10 to 95% by weight of copolymers A), from 5 to 90% by weight of copolymers B) and, if required, from 0 to 70% by weight of copolymers C), which correspond to the following formulae: A) copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters, B) copolymers comprising B1) from 40 to 60 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula  where X is O or N—R4 and in which a and b are 0 or 1 and a +b=1, and B2) from 60 to 40 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula —H2C—CR11R5—  B2 and, if required, B3) from 0 to 20 mol % of bivalent structural units which are derived from polyolefins, the polyolefins being derivable from monoolefins having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and in which a) R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 10 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl radical having 1 to 100 alkoxy units and 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia: and n units of the formula (Ib): joined together to form a ring, wherein Y and Y2 are divalent bridging groups which may be the same or different in each unit; R0 is H or (C1-C6) alkyl or is a metal or ammonium cation; R5 is H or (C1-C60) alkyl or OH group; j is 1 or 2; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; each of R1, R2 and R4, which may be the same or different, is hydroxyl, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, with the provisos that i) at least one of R1, R2, R4 is hydroxyl, and m+n is 4 to 20, m is 1-8 and n is at least 3, and ii) in formula Ia at least one OH group is in the meta or para position to the COOR0 group and/or at least one R5 group is OH.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for stabilizing a water-containing liquid hydrocarbon fuel, which comprises an alcohol of 5-10 carbon atoms, 0.5-3 parts by weight, calculated for 1 part by weight of said alcohol, of a carboxylic amide of 5-10 carbon atoms, and 3-10 parts by weight, calculated for 1 part by weight of said alcohol, of a carboxylic acid of 5-10 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a stabilized liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine, which comprises 10-40% by weight of water, 45-85% by weight of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and 5-15% by weight of an additive as defined above, all percentages being calculated for the total weight of said liquid fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia.

Abstract: A cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula Ia.

Abstract: It has been discovered that less expensive, and in some cases synergistically effective anti-static additive blends may be added to hydrocarbon fuels to improve the conductivity thereof. The blend includes an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble copolymer of an alkylvinyl monomer and a cationic vinyl monomer and an anti-static amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble polysulfone copolymer of at least one olefin and sulfur dioxide. Optional ingredients include polymeric polyamines and aryl sulfonic acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Copolymers I carrying functional groups and comprising

Abstract: Specific substituted aromatic amine salt compounds are useful as lubricity additives for middle distillate fuel oils.

Abstract: A jet fuel composition having reduced tendency to discoloration of high temperatures comprises a cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula 1a.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrogenated block diene polymer and saturated hydrocarbon mixture as a cold flow improver in an oil.

Abstract: A fuel composition having reduced tendency to discoloration at high temperatures comprises kerosine and/or is a jet fuel, and also comprises a cyclic compound comprising m units of the formula 1a.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fuel lubricity additive, made by a two-step process wherein the first step is co-reacting an unsaturated base oil, predominantly from vegetable oil sources, and a compound having a diene structure and a carboxylic acid group, wherein the second step is esterifying or amidifying the free carboxylic acid group of anhydride group with a poly-hydroxy-containing compound or poly-amine compound to form the final fuel lubricity additive useful in diesel fuels. The inventive fuel lubricity additive also is useful as a dispersant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cyclic compound comprising m units of formula (Ia) and n units of the formula (Ib) joined together to form a ring, wherein each Y is a divalent bridging group which may be the same or different in each unit; R0 is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R5 is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 60 carbon atoms; j is 1 or 2; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydorcarbyl group; either R1 is hydroxy and R2 and R4 are independently either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, or R2 and R4 are hydroxyl and R1 is either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl; m is from 1 to 8; n is at least 3, and m +n is 4 to 20. This invention also relates to metal salts of the foregoing compound, especially overbased metal salts. The invention also relates to additive compositions, finished lubricating oil compositions and fuel compositions containing the foregoing compound or metal salt thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous macroemulsion to be used in place of petroleum residuum-based fuel oils such as No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 fuel oils, as well as the vacuum residuum from the fraction distillation of petroleum, is formed by emulsifying the fuel oil with water or an aqueous liquid, the fuel oil forming the dispersed phase and the aqueous liquid forming the continuous phase. An emulsion stabilizer, and optionally various other additives, notably a lower allyl alcohol, are included to stabilize the properties of the emulsion. The emulsion is prepared by heating the fuel oil, particularly No. 6 fuel oil, and the water to a temperature above about 60° C., and combining the two heated liquids in an appropriate ratio and shearing the mixture to form the macroemulsion.

Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one &agr;, &bgr; unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.

Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one .alpha., .beta. unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.

Abstract: A process of improving the oxidation of carbonaceous products derived from the combustion of fuel and improving combustion of a fuel is described. The process comprises adding to the fuel before combustion thereof a composition comprising at least an organo-metallic complex of a Group I or Group II metal characterized in that the concentration of the complex in the fuel before combustion is 30 ppm or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition containing an additive composition made by admixing at least two components: A) at least one dicarboxylic acid having about 8 to about 500 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof; and B) at least one amine having about 6 to about 80 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the additive composition also contains: C) at least one monocarboxylic acid of about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof. The additive composition is useful as a lubricity additive for diesel fuel, especially low sulfur diesel fuel and provide excellent storage stability, rust-inhibiting and anti-wear performance to diesel fuel.

Abstract: A sulfuric acid-free fuel composition for use in liquid feed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The fuel composition is a solution of water, methanol and formic acid. The methanol is present in concentrations between 0.5 and 15 molar and the formic acid is present in concentrations between 0.01% and 20%. No corrosive mineral acids are present in the fuel.

Abstract: Adding to a fuel oil a composition of from about 1 to about 40 parts by weight ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of from about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight and a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 10,000, and 1 part by weight esterified copolymer of at least one generally linear .alpha.-olefin of from about 18 to about 50 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride in an .alpha.-olefin to maleic anhydride molar ratio of from about 4:1 to about 1:2, the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 20,000, the esterified copolymer having been esterified with a plurality of aliphatic alcohols having from about four to about forty carbon atoms, imparts to the fuel oil surprisingly improved low temperature fluidity, provided that the alcohols include an eight carbon alcohol making up from about 50 to about 85 molar percent of the alcohols.

Abstract: Adding to a fuel oil a composition of from about 1 to about 40 parts by weight ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of from about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight and a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 10,000, and 1 part by weight esterified copolymer of at least one generally linear .alpha.-olefin of from about 18 to about 50 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride in an .alpha.-olefin to maleic anhydride molar ratio of from about 4:1 to about 1:2, the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 20,000, the esterified copolymer having been esterified with a plurality of aliphatic alcohols having from about four to about forty carbon atoms, imparts to the fuel oil surprisingly improved low temperature fluidity, provided that the alcohols include an eight carbon alcohol making up from about 50 to about 85 molar percent of the alcohols.

Abstract: Markers for petroleum products which can be detected upon addition of a developing reagent which provokes the marker to fluorescence.

Abstract: Two-stroke cycle engine lubricant and lubricant fuel composition comprise a composition prepared by reacting an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR1## with a carboxylic reactantR.sup.1 CO(CR.sup.2 R.sup.3).sub.x COOR.sup.10and optionally, ammonia or amines.In another embodiment the 2-stroke cycle lubricants contain a carboxylic composition of the formula ##STR2## wherein the various groups are defined herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition containing the combination of:(A) at least one vegetable or synthetic triglyceride,(B) esters from the transesterification of at least one animal or vegetable oil triglyceride,(C) a pour point depressant, and(D) a performance additive.The composition may optionally contain(E) other oils.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the pretreatment of olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to remove conjugated dienes and/or basic nitrogen compounds that deactivate acidic catalyst particles used in olefin conversion processes by reacting the dienes with one or more dienophiles to form the corresponding Diels-Alder adduct, followed by catalytic conversion of the olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock containing the adduct. The formation of the Diels-Alder adduct essentially eliminates the role of dienes in the feedstock as catalyst deactivating agents. When maleic anhydride (MA) is employed as the dienophile, basic nitrogen reacts with maleic anhydride, or with the tetrahydrophthalic anhydride adduct, to lower the amount of catalyst deactivating basic nitrogen compounds in the feedstock. Where the olefin conversion process comprises etherification of isoolefins with alkanol in a C.sub.4 + or C.sub.

Abstract: An Otto-cycle engine fuel containing a small amount of an amide, amide/ammonium salt and/or ammonium salt of an aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and a long-chain secondary amine as additive for cleaning the carburetor and valves.

Abstract: This invention relates to lubricants for two-cycle engines comprising a major amount of at least one oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formulaA.sup.y- M.sup.y+ (I)wherein M represents one or more metal ions, y is the total valence of all M and A represents one or more anion containing groups having a total of about y individual anionic moieties and each anion containing group is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein T is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Additive concentrates and lubricant-fuel mixtures for two cycle engines are also disclosed as well as methods for operating two-cycle engines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel poly(olefin)-polyamine-N-substituted polycarbamates, useful for preventing or reducing deposits in engines having the formula I ##STR1## wherein "n" is 2-8; R.sup.1 is a poly(olefin) chain having an average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 9900; R.sup.2 is an alkylene group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms or --COOR.sup.5 with at least two of R.sup.4 being --COOR.sup.5 and wherein R.sup.5 is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing up to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The use as an additive to improve the low temperature properties of distillate fuels having a cloud point (wax appearance temperature) above 0.degree. C. and containing more than 5 wt. % wax at 10.degree. C. below the cloud point (wax appearance temperature) of a mixture of a comb polymer together with a poly-alkyl ester, ether, ester/ether of a polyhydroxy compound.