Abstract: The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula wherein m, m?, n, n?, p, p? and k are integers in the range of ?1, R1 denotes an unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl radical, R2 denotes —CH2—CH3, and R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or —CH3, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.

Abstract: The use of a polyalkylene glycol of formula HO—(A—O)p—(CH2CH2—O)m—(A—O)q—H wherein A is a C3- to C20-alkylene group or a mixture of such alkylene groups, m is a number of from 2 to 100 and p and q are each numbers of from 1 to 100, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 1,1-diethoxyethane for increasing the knocking resistance of low-boiling gasoline with an initial boiling point (IBP) of 80° C. to 120° C. by at least 40 units (Research Octane Number).

Abstract: A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

Abstract: Fuel efficiency can be increased in a diesel engine by adding a diesel fuel additive mixture. The diesel engine fuel additive mixture is made up of the following elements: tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and a Polyetheramine (PEA) dissolved in a Glycol ether. Adding one ounce of the diesel engine fuel additive mixture per five U.S. gallons of diesel fuel can increase miles per gallon and hours of operating time while reducing the emission of nitrous oxides, sulfur, and other pollutants.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of converting biomass to products that can be incorporated into the diesel fuel pool, comprising a first stage of fermentation of renewable raw materials of vegetable origin at the end of which a least one alcohol and at least one compound containing a carbonyl group are obtained, and a second stage corresponding to an acetalization reaction involving said alcohol and said compound containing a carbonyl group.

Abstract: A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in order to reach a target cetane number X, is provided by adding to the composition a concentration c of an ignition improver, wherein c is lower than the concentration which theory would predict needed to be added in order to achieve the target. The ignition improver is preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the fuel composition suitably a diesel or kerosene fuel. A fuel composition for use in a compression ignition engine, which has a cetane number of 85 or greater, and contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component and an ignition improver is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 1,1-diethoxyethane for increasing the knocking resistance of low-boiling gasoline with an initial boiling point (IBP) of 80° C. to 120° C. by at least 40 units (Research Octane Number).

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is to an ethanol composition comprising at least 92 wt. % ethanol and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of converting biomass to products that can be incorporated into the diesel fuel pool, comprising a first stage of fermentation of renewable raw materials of vegetable origin at the end of which a least one alcohol and at least one compound containing a carbonyl group are obtained, and a second stage corresponding to an acetalization reaction involving said alcohol and said compound containing a carbonyl group.

Abstract: Procedure to generate biodiesel fuels with improved properties at low temperature by the transesterification of triglycerides with alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, optionally in the presence of methyl or ethyl acetates of fatty acids and an inert solvent, to produce methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acids, glycerine and, where appropriate, glycerine triacetate, followed by the separation of crude glycerine that is reacted with aldehydes, ketones and/or acetic acid or methyl or ethyl acetates to produce acetals, glycerine cetals and/or glycerine acetates. The acetals, glycerine cetals and/or glycerine acetates are mixed with methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acids in concentrations of approximately 0.5-20% by weight to obtain a biodiesel with improved properties at low temperatures.

Abstract: A reduction in the formation or presence of peroxides in middle distillate fuels is obtained through the combination of a hydrocarbon additive with the fuel. Specifically, the middle distillate fuel is blended with one or more oxygenates. The hydrocarbon additive includes a polar function group and a tertiary hydrogen beta to the functional group. Middle distillate fuels incorporating the additive, the additive itself, and methods using the additive all retard the formation of or reduce the presence of peroxides in the fuel. The reduction of peroxides improves the durability of fuels systems elastomers, enhances fuel stability and color durability, and reduces the formation of fuel sediment.

Abstract: Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, trimethylborate, and tetramethylorthosilicate. Other additives to improve safety and efficiency of the fuel cell include sulfonated activated carbon particles and metal hydrides, such as LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiBH4, (CH3)2 NHBH3, NaAlH4, B2H6, NaCNBH3, CaH2, LiH, NaH, KH or sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) dihydridaluminate.

Abstract: Use of a liquid oxygenated product with a cetane number higher than 50, consisting of one or more compounds selected from dialkyl-polyformals represented by the formula RO(CH2O)mR wherein R is an alkyl chain CnH2n+1, m is an integer equal to or higher than 2, n is an integer between 1 and 10, as a substitute of gas oil in diesel engines.

Abstract: A diesel fuel compound has a major proportion of at least one diesel fuel and a minor proportion of at least one glycerol acetal corresponding to one of general formulas: in which: R1 and R2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, or an alkyl-ether chain, R1 and R2 being able together to form an oxygenated heterocyclic radical; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a radical of general formula: where R4 is a radical defined as R1 or R2, except for the hydrogen atom, or a radical of general formula: where R1 and R2 are defined as above, the sum of the number of carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R3 in formulas (1) and (2) being at least 2 and it has no metal compounds of group IIA.

Abstract: A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.

Abstract: Use of a liquid oxygenated product with a cetane number higher than 50, consisting of one or more compounds selected from dialkyl-polyformals represented by the formula

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a diesel fuel blend having a pre-determined flash-point and a pre-determined increase in cetane number over the stock diesel fuel. Upon establishing the desired flash-point and increase in cetane number, an amount of a first oxygenate with a flash-point less than the flash-point of the stock diesel fuel and a cetane number equal to or greater than the cetane number of the stock diesel fuel is added to the stock diesel fuel in an amount sufficient to achieve the pre-determined increase in cetane number. Thereafter, an amount of a second oxygenate with a flash-point equal to or greater than the flash-point of the stock diesel fuel and a cetane number greater than the cetane number of the stock diesel fuel is added to the stock diesel fuel in an amount sufficient to achieve the pre-determined increase in cetane number.

Abstract: Novel clean fuels comprising selected nonlinear long chain saturated primary monohydric/dihydric alcohol derivatives and mixtures thereof; novel diols and/or diol derivatives; and processes for making clean synthetic jet fuels and/or clean synthetic diesel fuels as well as processes for making clean synthetic jet fuels and/or clean synthetic diesel fuels concurrently with making nonlinear alcohols for use by the detergent industry.

Abstract: A liquid mixture having a cetane number higher than 40, comprising a typical diesel gas oil cut having a boiling point ranging from 150 to 380° C., and a density ranging from 0.76 and 0.935 g/ml at 15 ° C.; and one or more compounds selected from dialkyl-polyformals represented by the formula RO(CH2O)mR, wherein R is a CnH2n+1 alkyl chain, m is an integer equal to or greater than 2 and less than or equal to 6, n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, wherein the concentration of these dialkyl-polyformals in the gas oil ranges from 1 to 20%; and a process for production of dialkyl-polyformals using sulfonic acid-based catalysts.

Abstract: To provide a low pollution fuel capable of obviating imperfect combustion of fuel in a diesel engine, etc., and fundamentally solving the exhaust gas problems without depending on the conventional symptomatic method. The low pollution fuel is composed of kerosene, light oil or heavy oil which is blended with an oxygen-contained hydrocarbon composed of an olefin-based hydrocarbon as a starting material, such as ether, alcohol or glycol.

Abstract: Petroleum additive formulations include a petroleum additive dissolved in a carrier fluid including at least one compound of the formula (I): (R2)p—Ph—(CH2)m—COO—(AO)n—R1 where; R1 is C1 to C10 alkyl; AO is alkyleneoxy; n is 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; and Ph is a phenyl group, which may be substituted with groups (R2)p; where each R2 is independently C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy; and p is 0, 1 or 2. Further, crude petroleum or petroleum refinery streams can be treated by adding a petroleum additive dissolved in a carrier fluid of the formula (I) to the product stream. Desirably the carrier fluid is or includes iso-propyl benzoate and/or 2-ethyl hexyl benzoate.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel additive composition including from about 85 to about 99% by volume C1-C4 alcohol having a first blending octane number and from about 1.0 to about 15% by volume ether compound selected from the group consisting of dialkoxyalkanes, alkoxyalcohols, trialkoxyalkanes, dialkoxycycloalkanes and aryl alkyl diethers having a second blending octane number and a boiling point in the gasoline boiling range. The resulting composition has a third blending octane number which is substantially greater than a linear addition of the first and second blending octane numbers of the components of the mixture. In the composition, the second blending octane number is substantially lower than the first blending octane number. The fuel additive composition significantly increases the octane number of a gasoline fuel without detrimentally affecting the environment.

Abstract: A process for producing oxygen-containing compounds containing at least one oxygen atom bonded to two distinct carbon atoms which are not bonded together and not comprising a multiple bond comprises a step a) for hydroformylation of a feed comprising at least one olefin containing four to seven carbon atoms to at least one aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst and a synthesis gas under hydroformylation conditions, a step b) for hydrogenation of this aldehyde to at least one corresponding alcohol, and a step c) for transforming at least one alcohol obtained from step b) in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for producing a mixture containing at least one ether or at least one acetal.

Abstract: A mixture of petroleum waxes improves the low temperature flow properties of oils.

Abstract: A fuel composition containing, as a major portion, at least one fuel base, and, as a minor portion, at least one oxygenated compound, which contains at least 0.05% by weight of at least one trialkoxyalkane of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: X is a divalent hydrocarbon-containing group C.sub.n H.sub.2n, wherein n is 1, 2, or 3, each hydrogen atom optionally being substituted by a hydrocarbon-containing residue;R.sub.1, R'.sub.1, and R".sub.1 are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally at least one oxygen atom, two of each of R.sub.1, R'.sub.1 and R".sub.1 groups optionally being connected to form a heterocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 atoms; andR.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, or R.sub.2 and hydrocarbon-containing residue X, together by bonding, form a ring containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to environmentally friendly diesel fuel, containing natural, liquid triglycerides of natural or animal origin, such as rapeseed or soybean oil, and acetals of the formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## in which the substitutents have the meaning defined in the description. This diesel fuel is biodegradable and free of sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics.

Abstract: A mixture of alkoxy-terminated poly-oxymethylenes, having a varied mixture of molecular weights, is blended with diesel fuel to form an improved fuel for autoignition engines. The mixed alkoxy-terminated poly-oxymethylenes may be produced by reacting paraformaldehyde with methylal, methanol, or other alcohol for a length of time and at a temperature and pressure sufficient to form the mixed alkoxy-terminated poly-oxymethylenes. The base diesel fuel, when blended with the mixed alkoxy-terminated poly-oxymethylenes in a volume ratio of from about 2 to about 5 parts diesel fuel to 1 part mixed alkoxy-terminated poly-oxymethylenes, provides a higher quality fuel having significantly improved lubricity and reduced smoke formation, without degradation of the cetane number or smoke formation characteristics when compared with the base diesel fuel.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition for use in a spark ignition engine, which comprises conventional gasoline for spark ignition engine use and a compound selected from the group consisting of an alkynyl alcohol, alkynyl ether, alkynyl ketone, alkenyl aldehyde or an acetal thereof, furan or a furan compound, and an alkenyl ether.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuels, especially diesel fuel compositions, contain orthoesters to reduce particulate emissions therefrom when combusted in an internal combustion engine.