Abstract: The present invention relates to an additized blended fuel composition comprising of 97 to 50 weight % of liquified petroleum gas (LPG); 3 to 50 weight % of dimethyl ether (DME); and a nanocatalyst. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improvement in the combustion efficiency of the DME blended LPG fuel by using catalytic amount of the nano-catalyst, when introduced in ppm level enhances the combustion properties, thereby increasing the flame temperature and reducing the consumption of fuel gas mixture.

Abstract: A fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 includes a petroleum fraction and a polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OMEx) oligomer mix. The petroleum fraction includes a naphtha fraction with a boiling point in the range from 30° C. to 178° C. The polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether oligomer mix has the general formula H3CO—(CH2O)n—CH3 in which n is between 2 and 7, inclusive. A related method for reducing emissions in a compression-ignited engine includes preparing the fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 and combusting the fuel formulation in the compression-ignited engine in place of a diesel fuel, thereby reducing emission of at least one of NOx, CO2, or particulates from the compression-ignited engine.

Abstract: A biofuel composition and a process for the manufacture of a biofuel composition including lignin and ethanol as the main combustible components of the biofuel composition and having total ash below 1% w/w based on total mass of dry matter in the biofuel composition.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to hydroxy functionalized ashless additives useful in engine oil compositions due to their ability to reduce deposits, particularly deposits seen in turbocharged direct injection (TDI) engines. The described additives include ashless saturated compounds having a long chain hydrocarbyl polymer terminated by a hydroxyl group. The disclosed technology also relates to lubricant compositions containing the described additives, processes of making the described additives, and methods of using the described additives.

Abstract: Alternative gasoline, diesel fuel, marine diesel fuel, jet fuel, and flexible fuel compositions are disclosed. The compositions include an alcohol and/or a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers, which can be derived from renewable resources. When combined with gasoline/ethanol blends, glycerol ethers can reduce the vapor pressure of ethanol and increase fuel economy. Added to diesel fuel/alcohol blends, glycerol ethers improve the cetane value of the blends. In jet fuel, glycerol ethers can replace all or part of conventional deicing additives, lowering skin toxicity, and glycerol ethers ability to reduce particulate emissions can lower the appearance of contrails. Used in marine diesel, the reduction in particulate emissions can be environmentally significant. In another embodiment, the alternative compositions comprise gasoline, ethanol, and n-butanol, and in one aspect, the ethanol and/or n-butanol can be derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of TBHP as a fuel additive and in particular as an additive to diesel fuel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: Fuel efficiency can be increased in a diesel engine by adding a diesel fuel additive mixture. The diesel engine fuel additive mixture is made up of the following elements: tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and a Polyetheramine (PEA) dissolved in a Glycol ether. Adding one ounce of the diesel engine fuel additive mixture per five U.S. gallons of diesel fuel can increase miles per gallon and hours of operating time while reducing the emission of nitrous oxides, sulfur, and other pollutants.

Abstract: An additive for gasoline, especially gasoline containing ethanol in an amount of up to about 15%, reduces the potential for phase separation of water from the gasoline. The additive has two components. The first component consists essentially of glycol butyl ether. The second component consists essentially of nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether with minor amounts of polyethylene glycol and dinonylphenyl polyoxyethylene. Typically, the additive has the first component present in an amount in the range of from about 90 to about 95% by volume, with the balance being the second component. The additive is effective when added to the gasoline in an amount in the range of from about 0.52% to 0.63% by volume.

Abstract: A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in order to reach a target cetane number X, is provided by adding to the composition a concentration c of an ignition improver, wherein c is lower than the concentration which theory would predict needed to be added in order to achieve the target. The ignition improver is preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the fuel composition suitably a diesel or kerosene fuel. A fuel composition for use in a compression ignition engine, which has a cetane number of 85 or greater, and contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component and an ignition improver is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods for processing lignin-containing biomass so as to render it more amenable to hydroprocessing, wherein such processing typically reduces the level of oxygen in the biomass. Following such processing, the resulting reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product can be hydroprocessed into a biofuel suitable for use as a transportation fuel. Additionally, in some embodiments, such methods can be integrated with one or more other processes, wherein such other processes can be production and/or logistical in nature.

Abstract: An additive composition comprises a Mannich reaction product of a) a polyisobutylene (PIB) alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, b) an aldehyde, and c) an amine containing at least one reactive amino group where the PIB is derived from a conventional PIB and a high vinylidene PIB. A fuel additive concentrate composition, a fuel composition, and a method to reduce deposit formation in a fuel system of an internal combustion engine employ the additive composition that comprises the Mannich reaction product which is unexpectedly effective in reducing deposits. A PIB alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound, that is prepared from a mixture of high vinylidene and conventional PIBs, is both a functional additive and an intermediate to a functional additive and the process to prepare it involves running the alkylation reaction at 5 to 40° C.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions that include (a) at least one substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkene, and (b) an antioxidant composition including at least one compound of Formula (I): R1 through R4 in Formula (I) are described in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of carboxylic acid esters and/or biodiesel fuel from feedstocks containing fatty acids, glycerated fatty acids, and glycerin by reactive distillation. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the production of biodiesel fuels having low glycerin, water, and sulfur content on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The use of alkoxylates and nitrogen containing detergents in a fuel additive composition to prevent intake valve sticking and reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: Low vapor pressure compound-based fuels are provided. These fuels are useful in catalytic burner systems that can be used to disperse fragrances, insecticides, insect repellants (e.g., citronella), aromatherapy compounds, medicinal compounds, deodorizing compounds, disinfectant compositions, fungicides and herbicides.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a water-in-oil phase emulsion comprises bio-diesel; water; and at least one type of polymeric surfactant.

Abstract: An aviation 100LL fuel additive formulation for lead scavenging which mitigates the detrimental effects of lead, cleans up the combustion chamber and also allows shipping and distribution by common carrier, such as UPS or FedEx. A fuel additive composition is described for aviation 100 octane Low Lead fuel, containing: (1) glycol ether 10 to 90% by volume; (2) tricresyl phosphate 5 to 10% by volume; and, (3) Polyetheramine 15 to 30% by volume. The described composition has a flash point above 141 degrees F. to enable safe shipping by common carrier. The described composition also contains polyetheramine to create a mixture which is shown to be effective in preventing plug fouling by lead and be effective in reducing combustion chamber deposits, thus providing a smooth running engine during ground operations.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions that include (a) at least one substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkene, and (b) an antioxidant composition including at least one compound of Formula (I): R1 through R4 in Formula (I) are described in the specification.

Abstract: A stabilized cyclic alkene composition comprising one or more cyclic alkenes, and at least one antioxidant compound having the formula (I), wherein R1 through R5 can each independently be H, OH, C1-C8 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, C1-C8 linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and wherein the antioxidant compound is present in an amount between 1 ppm and 200 ppm and has a boiling point lower than 265° C. A method for forming a layer of carbon-doped silicon oxide on a substrate, which uses the stabilized alkene composition and a silicon containing compound.

Abstract: A stabilized cyclic alkene composition comprising one or more cyclic alkenes, and at least one antioxidant compound having the formula (I), wherein R1 through R5 can each independently be H, OH, C1-C8 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, C1-C8 linear, branched, or cyclic alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and wherein the antioxidant compound is present in an amount between 1 ppm and 200 ppm, and wherein said composition is purged with at least one inert gas after said composition is introduced to a container intended for storage or shipping of said composition. A method for forming a layer of carbon-doped silicon oxide on a substrate, which uses the stabilized alkene composition and a silicon containing compound.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions that includes (a) one or more substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkenes, and (b) an antioxidant composition including at least one compound of Formula (I): R1 through R4 in Formula (I) are described in the specification.

Abstract: The fuel additives of the present invention comprise essentially of about 10-50 weight % of terpene, 0-15 weight % of Alkylene Glycol Ether, and 40-80 weight % of 2-Propanone, 0-20 weight % of Dibasic Methyl Ester and 0-15 weight % of nonyl phenol ethoxylate and 0-15 weight % of mineral oil. This highly effective fuel additives can eliminate the formation of deposits and form air-borne micro-cluster molecules in internal combustion engines, particularly, in the fuel injection system and combustion chamber of such engines.

Abstract: A unique combination of a certain poly(oxyalkylene) amine and a thiadiazole compound when employed as a fuel additive in a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or diesel fuel will preclude fuel gauge sending units from sustaining sulfur-related corrosion damage or restore fuel gauge sending units, particularly silver-based fuel gauge sending units, in vehicle fuel storage tanks to like-new operational condition. Moreover, a method suitable for use in precluding fuel gauge sending units from sustaining sulfur-related corrosion damage or restoring silver-based fuel gauge sending units in gasoline or diesel vehicle fuel storage tanks to like-new operational condition using the combination of a certain poly(oxyalkylene) amine and a thiadiazole compound as a fuel additive is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides fuel oils comprising a major proportion of a mixture of A) a middle distillate fuel oil and B) a biofuel oil, and also a minor proportion C) of an oil-soluble, crosslinked block copolymer composed of C2- to C4-alkylene oxides.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods for processing lignin-containing biomass so as to render it more amenable to hydroprocessing, wherein such processing typically reduces the level of oxygen in the biomass. Following such processing, the resulting reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product can be hydroprocessed into a biofuel suitable for use as a transportation fuel. Additionally, in some embodiments, such methods can be integrated with one or more other processes, wherein such other processes can be production and/or logistical in nature.

Abstract: The invention relates to fuel oils comprising a larger proportion of middle distillates having a sulfur content of at most 350 ppm and an aromatics content of at most 22% by weight, and also a smaller proportion of at least one copolymer of ethylene and vinyl esters, said copolymer containing a) bivalent structural units derived from ethylene of the formula 1 —CH2—CH2—??(1) b) from 5 to 12 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula 2 where R1 is saturated, branched C5-C18-alkyl, and c) from 4 to 13 mol % of bivalent structural units of the formula 3 and the sum of the molar proportions of structural units of the formulae 2 and 3 being between 12 and 16 mol %, to the corresponding polymers, and also to their use for improving the cold flow behavior of middle distillates having a sulfur content of at most 350 ppm and an aromatics content of at most 22% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method to clean up or keep clean the fuel system of a direct injection spark-ignited engine by operating the engine with a fuel composition that includes a liquid fuel and a fuel additive composition. The fuel additive composition useful in the present invention has at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant and optionally a fluidizer where the dispersant has a specific lipophilic parameter and the dispersant or the dispersant and the fluidizer have a specific hydrophilic-lipophilic parameter, the dispersant provides about 0.15 to about 50 ppm by weight nitrogen in the fuel composition, and the fluidizer and/or the dispersant provide about 10 to about 10,000 ppm by weight active components in the fuel composition. The method of the present invention is effective in controlling deposits in fuel injectors and combustion chambers of a direct injection spark-ignited engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-soot diesel fuel comprising a fuel additive, to the uses thereof and to the use of the fuel additive for producing low-soot diesel fuels. The diesel fuels are mineral-based, optionally with additions of FAME or XTL diesel fuels, which are formulated with polyoxaalkanes of the general formula (I): R1(—O—CH2—CHR2)m—O—R3??(I) In the formula (I), the R1 radicals are each a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical, R2 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical or H, and R3 is likewise a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical. In addition, m is ?1, and the fuel additive is essentially free of toxic constituents. Diesel fuels formulated in this way, even at a low polyoxaalkane content, have significantly reduced soot formation. The proportion of premixed combustion and the density are increased, and the volumetric reduction in calorific values which occurs when CH2 groups in long-chain alkanes are replaced by O groups can be compensated for.

Abstract: Novel fuels for gasoline engines comprise a synergistic mixture of a detergent additive component (A) and a synthetic carrier oil component (B), i) the detergent additive component (A) comprising at least one compound having a basic nitrogen atom which is substituted by a hydrocarbyl radical having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to 1 300, and the detergent additive component (A) being contained in the fuel in an amount of from about 30 to 180 ppm by weight; and ii) the carrier oil component (B) comprising at least one compound of the following formula I R—O-(A-O)x—H??(I) ?where R is a straight-chain or branched C6-C18-alkyl group; A is a C3- or C4-alkylene group; and x is an integer from 5 to 35; the carrier oil component (B) being contained in the fuel in an amount of from about 10 to 180 ppm by weight.

Abstract: Deposits and soot formation in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sprayable oil composition comprising a blend of an oil, an edible solvent selected from the group consisting of triacetin, tripropionin, tributyrin, and ethyl acetate; and a preferably an emulsifier such as a lecithin. Advantageously, the viscosity of the blend can be controlled without interesterification of the solvent with the oil. Furthermore, such oil compositions can be effective sprayable oils such as for pan release applications while being substantially free of alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to emulsion compositions for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system. In particular, the invention includes emulsion compositions comprising hydrocarbon fuel, water and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyethers which are obtainable from 1 -butene oxide and an alcohol using a double metal cyanide compound as a catalyst and have a content of unsaturated components of 6 mol% or more, to a process for preparing such a polyether and also to the use of a polyether according to the invention as a carrier oil or in a carrier oil formulation, in particular in additive packages for gasoline fuels, and furthermore also to carrier oil formulations and also to fuels comprising a polyether according to the invention.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition containing at least one amide compound selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid alkanol amide and a hydrocarbyl amide, a polyalkylene-oxide, and a friction modifier. The fuel additive composition is surprisingly useful for improving the acceleration response and the driving performance of vehicles having internal combustion engines when used as fuel additives in hydrocarbon-based fuels, such as gasoline fuel or diesel fuel.

Abstract: Alkoxylated alkylphenols which have at least one long-chain alkyl radical having at least one tertiary or quaternary carbon atom are prepared and are used as fuel or lubricant additives in fuel and lubricant compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to additives for improving cold-flow and lubricating properties of fuel oils, comprising A) 5-95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble amphiphile of the formula ?in which R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or aromatic radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, X is NH, NR3, O or S, y is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical carrying hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and R3 is an alkyl radical carrying nitrogen and/or hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or C1-C20-alkyl, and B) 5 to 95% by weight of a terpolymer containing from 10 to 35 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, from 1 to 15 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a neocarboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms, and structural units of ethylene to 100 mol %, having a melt viscosity, measured at 140° C., of from 20 to 10,000 mPas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to emulsion compositions for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system. In particular, the invention includes emulsion compositions comprising hydrocarbon fuel, water and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system.

Abstract: Layered phyllosilicates are useful for adsorbing and/or binding to and, thereby, inactivating viruses. Accordingly, provided herein are methods of inactivating a virus and methods of treating a viral infection. Methods of delivering a therapeutic agent to a mammalian subject and methods of inactivating a virus in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal are also provided.

Abstract: An additive for middle distillates with a maximum sulfur content of 0.05 percent by weight, comprising at least one fatty acid ester of alkoxylated polyols with at least 3 OH groups (A) and at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin (C).

Abstract: A stable, substantially clear and homogeneous fuel composition contains an additive comprising a nitrogen donor and carrier, the nitrogen donor being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the NOx emissions of the fuel when subject to combustion and the carrier being selected to render the nitrogen donor soluble and to give the additive a molecular weight compatible with the energy properties of the fuel.

Abstract: There is provided a diesel fuel blend comprising one or more commercially available diesel fuels; ethanol and a coupling agent.

Abstract: There is described a fuel composition incorporating levulinic acid or a functional derivative thereof.

Abstract: A middle distillate having a maximum um sulfur content of 0.05% by weight and containing fatty acid esters of alkoxylated polyols having at least 3 OH groups (A) and also at least one cold flow improver (B). The cold flow improver includes at least one copolymer of ethylene and one or more ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters having an ethylene portion of from 60 to 90 mol %.

Abstract: An additive for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates having improved cold flowability and paraffin dispersancy, comprising at least one ester of an alkoxylated polyol and at least one polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersant.

Abstract: A fuel for use in a jet engine may be prepared by admixing a hydrocarbon fuel and a first additive selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde resins, maleic anhydride alpha olefin copolymers and mixtures thereof and a second additive comprising an admixture of platinum group and cerium compounds. The jet fuels including the additives may be used in jet engines where it is desirable to have reduced concentrations of particulates in exhausts, particularly when the jet engines are running at cruise speed.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines, comprising a principle amount of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and an amount, which has a cleaning effect, of at least one propoxylate additive of the formula I where n is an integer from 10 to 20 and R1 is straight-chain or branched C8-C18-alkyl or C8-C18-alkenyl, if required in combination with at least one detergent additive, e.g. a polyalkylamine additive of the formula II R2—NH2 ??(II) where R2 is a straight-chain or branched polyalkyl radical having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 5000, and fuel additive compositions which contain propoxylates of the formula I and, if required, further additives, such as the aforementioned polyalkylamines of the formula II, as intake valve cleaners.