Tertiary Carbon Bonded Directly To The Ether Oxygen Patents (Class 44/449)
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Patent number: 11939289Abstract: The selective dimerization of isoolefins, such as isobutene or isopentane, or mixtures thereof, may be conducted in a system including a series of fixed bed reactors and a catalytic distillation reactor. The system may provide for conveyance of the fixed bed reactor effluents, without componential separation, to a downstream reactor. It has been found that a high selectivity to the dimer may be achieved even though intermediate separation of the desired product from unreacted components between reactors is not performed. Further, embodiments provide for use of a divided wall column for recovery of a high purity dimer product, reducing unit piece count and plot size.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 2022Date of Patent: March 26, 2024Assignee: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY LLCInventors: Rosette Barias, Liang Chen, Michael Jon Scott
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Patent number: 11834384Abstract: A process for the preparation of olefin by alcohol dehydration, for making polymer, fuel or fuel additive and use of olefin obtainable by said process for making polymer, fuel or fuel additive. Preferred olefin is C5 olefin obtained from dehydration of an alcohol or alcohol mixture, preferably from fusel oil.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 2019Date of Patent: December 5, 2023Assignee: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICESInventors: Christine-Joy Richardson, Laurent Germanaud, Stéphane Kressmann, Steven Henning, Keith Nelson, Delphine Minoux
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Patent number: 11560525Abstract: A diesel fuel composition containing a renewable diesel component and oxymethylene ethers having molecular structure CH3O—(CH2O)n-CH3 with n=3-5 (OME3-5). A method for producing a diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of OME3-5 to decrease particle emission of renewable diesel fuels is further disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 2019Date of Patent: January 24, 2023Assignee: NESTE OYJInventors: Merja Kouva, Kalle Lehto, Markku Kuronen, Marja Tiitta, Ulla Kiiski
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Patent number: 11505512Abstract: Systems and processes disclosed may be used to produce a high purity isobutane stream and a high purity 1-butene stream from mixed C4 streams having disparate starting compositions.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 2020Date of Patent: November 22, 2022Assignee: LUMMUS TECHNOLOGY LLCInventors: Martinus Johannes Almering, Rosette Barias, Romain Lemoine, Michael Jon Scott
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Patent number: 11427518Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes producing a first product stream comprising butadiene by passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a steam cracker; transforming greater than or equal to 90 weight % of the butadiene in the first product stream into a second product stream by passing the first product stream through a first hydrogenation unit, wherein the second product stream comprises 1-butene, 2-butene, n-butane, isobutylene, isobutane, or a combination thereof; and converting the second product stream into the fuel additive by passing the second product stream through a fuel additive synthesis unit with an acid catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 2019Date of Patent: August 30, 2022Assignees: SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY, SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES B.V.Inventors: Guillermo Leal, Naif Mohammed Al-Naddah Al-Otaibi, Mohammed Bismillah Ansari, Kareemuddin Mahaboob Shaik, Hiren Shethna, Zhonglin Zhang
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Patent number: 11414611Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 2019Date of Patent: August 16, 2022Assignees: SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES B.V., SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANYInventors: Guillermo Leal, Kareemuddin Mahaboob Shaik, Naif Mohammed Al-Naddah Al-Otaibi, Hiren Shethna, Mohammed Bismillah Ansari, Zhonglin Zhang
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Patent number: 11407951Abstract: Describe are preferred formulations for Avgas meeting the requirements for use in aircraft, including requirements established under ASTM standards and by the Federal Aviation Administration. In one embodiment, a binary mixture of 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene) and isopentane is used to provide a MON of at least 100, and more preferably at least 102. In other embodiments, the amounts of mesitylene and/or isopentane may be changed, and other fuel components are included. These various Avgas formulations are thereby adjusted to meet a variety of requirements as to octane rating, RVP, cold start, and other fuel characteristics.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 2021Date of Patent: August 9, 2022Assignee: SWIFT FUELS, LLCInventor: Chris D'Acosta
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Patent number: 10968408Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasoline composition utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, which is a plant-derived resource that does not cause competition with food production, the gasoline composition satisfying properties required for use in gasoline engines, and a process for producing the gasoline composition. The gasoline composition contains 0.3 to 10.0 vol % of hemicellulose-derived pentene.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 2017Date of Patent: April 6, 2021Assignee: IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTDInventors: Yasuyo Okuyama, Akio Imai, Mitsuru Koike, Shinya Sasaki
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Patent number: 9963653Abstract: A process for preparing an E10 test fuel in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b) includes steps of combining an aromatic pre-blend having an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), or a combination of aromatic blendstocks that if combined into a mixture would have an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), with at least one paraffinic refining blendstock, and optionally adding ethanol, butane, olefin-containing blendstocks, sulfur compounds or sulfur-containing blendstocks as needed to meet the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.710(b).Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 2017Date of Patent: May 8, 2018Assignee: Johann Haltermann LimitedInventors: Indresh Mathur, Mark Hendron Overaker
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Patent number: 9074153Abstract: An unleaded fuel composition comprising: a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 5 vol. % or more of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 2012Date of Patent: July 7, 2015Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Jörg Landschof, Michael Clifford Macknay, Timothy Michael Shea
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Publication number: 20150144087Abstract: Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (Eeqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 17, 2014Publication date: May 28, 2015Applicant: Neste Oil OyjInventors: Leena Rantanen-Kolehmainen, Päivi Aakko-Saksa
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Patent number: 8986401Abstract: A fuel additive imparting high lubricity to gasoline and diesel fuels while concurrently increasing miles and reducing emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along with components increasing fuel lubricity which are mixed with a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of internal combustion engines.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 2013Date of Patent: March 24, 2015Inventor: Don Ricardo Oniel Ford
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Patent number: 8845766Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting biomass-derived hydrocarbon streams into products suitable for use as fuel additives. These methods involve the acidic condensation of hydrocarbon monofunctional alcohols comprising five or six carbon atoms to form ether condensation products containing at least ten carbon atoms. The oxygenated condensation products can be separated from un-reacted alcohols and gasoline range hydrocarbons to provide an oxygenated fuel additive that may be mixed with a diesel or kerosene-type liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide an improved fuel that may have an increased cetane number, decreased emissions of environmental pollutants during combustion, or both.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 2012Date of Patent: September 30, 2014Assignee: Phillips 66 CompanyInventor: Matthew J. Truitt
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Patent number: 8696769Abstract: A fuel additive to gasoline and diesel fuels which when added in small quantities relative to total volume of fuel treated and burned as fuel in an internal combustion engine, enhances fuel burning to concurrently increase mileage and reduce emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of the intended internal combustion engine.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 2012Date of Patent: April 15, 2014Inventor: Don Ricardo Oniel Ford
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Patent number: 8648226Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing gasoline components from syngas. Syngas is converted to one or more of methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohols, and dimethyl ether, followed by various combinations of separations and reactions to produce gasoline components with oxygenates, such as alcohols. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable gasoline.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 2010Date of Patent: February 11, 2014Assignee: Range Fuels, Inc.Inventors: Shakeel H. Tirmizi, John D. Winter, David T. Gallaspy
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Patent number: 8617262Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for converting light glycol streams of biological origin into products suitable for use as oxygenated fuel additives. These methods involve the acidic condensation of light glycols to form larger products, termed low molecular weight poly-glycols. The remaining hydroxyl functional groups of the poly-glycol products are then modified to decrease the overall polarity of the products, and improve their suitability for use as an oxygenated fuel additive.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 2011Date of Patent: December 31, 2013Assignee: Phillips 66 CompanyInventor: Matthew J. Truitt
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Publication number: 20130219777Abstract: A fuel or fuel blendstock comprising ethanol, ethyl ethers, olefins, and alkanes. In some embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock of claim 1, wherein the fuel or fuel blendstock may have an octane number greater than 92 (RON+MON)/2). In other embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock may have a Reid vapor pressure less than 7.2 psi. Also disclosed is a process for the production of a fuel, the process including: contacting ethanol and at least one gasoline fraction including alkanes and olefins in the presence of a catalyst to form a fuel mixture including ethyl ethers, alkanes, unreacted olefins, and unreacted ethanol; and recovering the fuel mixture for use as a gasoline or gasoline blendstock without separation of the ethanol from the fuel mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 8, 2013Publication date: August 29, 2013Applicant: CATALYTIC DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGIESInventor: CATALYTIC DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGIES
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Publication number: 20130199481Abstract: Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (Eeqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 11, 2012Publication date: August 8, 2013Applicant: NESTE OIL OYJInventors: Leena Rantanen-Kolehmainen, Päivi Aakko-Saksa
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Patent number: 8435313Abstract: A fuel composition includes a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I): R?-TF-CH2-O—R or a mixture of the ethers, where TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, where each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each R? independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II): —CH2-O—R?, where each R? independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in combination with diesel fuels of petroleum origin or diesel fuels of bioorganic origin.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2009Date of Patent: May 7, 2013Assignee: Furanix Technologies, B.V.Inventors: Gerardus Johannes Maria Gruter, Edserd de Jong
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Patent number: 8430937Abstract: A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2012Date of Patent: April 30, 2013Assignee: Cool Planet Biofuels, Inc.Inventors: Michael Cheiky, Ronald A. Sills
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Patent number: 8419811Abstract: A fuel composition contains at least 74% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes and, pursuant to the determination of the distillation characteristics according to DIN EN ISO 3405, at least 25% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures above 110° C. The fuel composition can also contain oxygen-containing organic compounds, aromatic compounds, olefins, and naphthenes.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 2008Date of Patent: April 16, 2013Assignee: Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KGInventors: Stefan Schweiger, Christina Wedel, Konrad Ehmann, Holger Lochmann
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Patent number: 8357212Abstract: Botanically derived compositions of fuel oxygenates are provided, as well as methods of making the same. The compositions are produced from extracts of plant tissues, and unexpectedly contain aliphatic ethers and alcohols in useful concentrations. These compositions represent sources of oxygenates such as MTBE, ETBE, DIPE, TAME, ETBE and TBA from non-mineral sources, allowing them to be produced domestically in countries without mineral hydrocarbon resources and allowing them to be combusted without any net addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 2009Date of Patent: January 22, 2013Inventor: Carla G Herndon
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Patent number: 8326474Abstract: We provide a method for operating a navigation system for a motor vehicle in a road network, and to a navigation system. To this end, first a zone of the road network is provided with an emissions class-dependent drive-through restriction, wherein the motor vehicle is associated with at least one emissions class. First, information about the geographical location of the zone and about the emissions class at least required there is stored in the navigation system. Then, information about the at least one emissions class of the motor vehicle is entered into the navigation system. Thereafter, the information entered is considered in the destination guidance process, wherein destination guidance into or through the zone is avoided if the at least one emissions class of the motor vehicle is affected by emissions class-dependent drive-through restrictions in the zone.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 2008Date of Patent: December 4, 2012Assignee: Siemens Enterprise Communications GmbH & Co. KGInventors: Rolf Schrey, Bruno Bozionek, Rainer Zimmermann
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Patent number: 8134039Abstract: A process is described for the production of high-octane hydrocarbon compounds by means of the selective dimerization of isobutene, in the presence of C5 hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (branched alcohols or alternatively blends of linear or branched alcohols and alkyl ethers) characterized in that it utilizes a catalytic distillation as second reaction step.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 2006Date of Patent: March 13, 2012Assignee: Snamprogetti S.p.A.Inventors: Marco Di Girolamo, Domenico Sanfilippo, Massimo Conte
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Patent number: 8075642Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing liquid fuel and chemical intermediates from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons. The method includes the steps of reacting in a single reactor an aqueous solution of a biomass-derived, water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon reactant, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au, at a temperature, and a pressure, and for a time sufficient to yield a self-separating, three-phase product stream comprising a vapor phase, an organic phase containing linear and/or cyclic mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons, and an aqueous phase.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2008Date of Patent: December 13, 2011Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: James A. Dumesic, Dante A. Simonetti, Edward L. Kunkes
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Patent number: 7897034Abstract: An aviation gasoline (Avgas) formulation free from tetraethyl lead (TEL) for piston driven aircraft is described, the formulation comprising, in volume percent, between 0 and 65.2 base alkylate, between 0 and 50 super-alkylate, between 0 and 25 toluene, between 2 and 10 of a toluidine isomer blend, between 0 and 5 ethyl alcohol, between 0 and 25 C5 cut and between 0 and 10 triptane. The formulations are prepared by admixing the components, with the order of mixing being from the denser to the less dense, except in the case of the toluidine isomer blend, which in spite of being the denser product is the latest to be added to the other streams in order to by-pass homogenization problems.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2005Date of Patent: March 1, 2011Assignee: Petroleo Brasileiro S.A.-PetrobrasInventors: Edimilson Jesus De Oliveira, Mauro Iurk Rocha
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Publication number: 20110035996Abstract: Botanically derived compositions of fuel oxygenates are provided, as well as methods of making the same. The compositions are produced from extracts of plant tissues, and unexpectedly contain aliphatic ethers and alcohols in useful concentrations. These compositions represent sources of oxygenates such as MTBE, ETBE, DIPE, TAME, ETBE and TBA from non-mineral sources, allowing them to be produced domestically in countries without mineral hydrocarbon resources and allowing them to be combusted without any net addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 17, 2009Publication date: February 17, 2011Inventor: Carla Herndon
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Publication number: 20100307053Abstract: The use of at least one C4 alcohol to increase the vapour pressure of a fuel for spark-ignition engines comprising base fuel and ethanol in which use the at least one C4 alcohol is added to a fuel comprising base fuel and ethanol to produce a resultant fuel mixture comprising 15-50% by volume of base fuel, 15-65% by volume of ethanol and 15 to 50% C4 alcohol.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 5, 2009Publication date: December 9, 2010Inventors: Melanie Kuberka, Peter Placzek
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Patent number: 7833295Abstract: Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gasolines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising either: (i) component (a) at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of at least one hydrocarbon having the following formula I R—CH2—CH(CH3)—C(CH3)2—CH3??I wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, especially triptane, or (ii) at least 2% of component (a?), which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of at least 90 and of boiling point 15-160° C. or a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream, of MON value of at least 85, at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes, said stream being obtainable or obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 2008Date of Patent: November 16, 2010Assignee: BP Oil International LimitedInventor: Alisdair Quentin Clark
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Publication number: 20090288337Abstract: This invention describes genes, metabolic pathways, microbial strains and methods to produce methyl butanol and other compounds of interest from renewable feedstocks.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 10, 2008Publication date: November 26, 2009Inventors: Stephen Picataggio, Robert Christopher Brown, Jessica Roxane Kristof, Gena Lee, Prachee Prakash, Stuart Alan Underwood, Kevin Watts
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Publication number: 20090277078Abstract: A fuel composition contains at least 74% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes and, pursuant to the determination of the distillation characteristics according to DIN EN ISO 3405, at least 25% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures above 110° C. The fuel composition can also contain oxygen-containing organic compounds, aromatic compounds, olefins, and naphthenes.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 24, 2008Publication date: November 12, 2009Applicant: ANDREAS STIHL AG & CO. KGInventors: Stefan Schweiger, Christina Wedel, Konrad Ehmann, Holger Lochmann
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Publication number: 20090193710Abstract: A fuel or fuel blendstock comprising ethanol, ethyl ethers, olefins, and alkanes. In some embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock of claim 1, wherein the fuel or fuel blendstock may have an octane number greater than 92 (RON+MON)/2). In other embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock may have a Reid vapor pressure less than 7.2 psi. Also disclosed is a process for the production of a fuel, the process including: contacting ethanol and at least one gasoline fraction including alkanes and olefins in the presence of a catalyst to form a fuel mixture including ethyl ethers, alkanes, unreacted olefins, and unreacted ethanol; and recovering the fuel mixture for use as a gasoline or gasoline blendstock without separation of the ethanol from the fuel mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 4, 2008Publication date: August 6, 2009Applicant: CATALYTIC DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGIESInventors: Yi-Gang Xiong, Kerry L. Rock, Arvids Judzis, Mitchell E. Loescher
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Method and an unleaded low emission gasoline for fueling an automotive engine with reduced emissions
Patent number: 7557255Abstract: An unleaded reduced emissions gasoline having at least one of an octane less than about 86.7, a sulfur content less than about 40 ppmw sulfur and containing an oxygenate, and having reduced emissions by comparison to a minimum 87 octane gasoline. A method for reducing emissions from an automotive internal combustion engine is provided for a single vehicle and for a fleet. A method for reducing emissions by use of a distribution network is disclosed and a system for reducing emissions by a combination of a refinery and the vehicles is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 2002Date of Patent: July 7, 2009Assignee: BP Corporation North America Inc.Inventors: Leslie R. Wolf, Thomas J. Bond, Gerald S. Lane, James J. Simnick, Douglas N. Rundell, Frank S. Gerry, Robert J. Schaefer, James P. Uihlein, Frank J. Sroka, Allen A. Kozinski, F. Lindsey Scott, Richard A. Kretchmer -
Patent number: 7462207Abstract: Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gasolines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising either: (i) component (a) at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of at least one hydrocarbon having the following formula I R—CH2—CH(CH3)—C(CH3)2—CH3??I wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, especially triptane, or (ii) at least 2% of component (a?), which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of at least 90 and of boiling point 15-160° C. or a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream, of MON value of at least 85, at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes, said stream being obtainable or obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 2002Date of Patent: December 9, 2008Assignee: BP Oil International LimitedInventor: Alisdair Quentin Clark
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Patent number: 7270687Abstract: Transportation fuels are provided that have reduced toxics, VOC and NOx emissions, as well as, reduced sulfur content. The transportation fuels provided meet emissions reduction requirements determined by using the EPA Complex Model and for reduced sulfur. Reduction in sulfur content allows the use of components with high concentrations of olefins, while still reducing toxics, hydrocarbon (VOCs) and NOx emissions to acceptable levels.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 2001Date of Patent: September 18, 2007Assignee: Sunoco, Inc.Inventors: Helen M. Doherty, H. Randolph Roehl
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Patent number: 7195656Abstract: Fuel compositions containing (a) pulverized coal; and (b) an oxygenate selected from glycerol, glycerol derivatives, propylene glycol, propylene glycol derivatives, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol derivatives, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof. Methods of reducing the NOx emissions generated from the burning of pulverized coal in a heat-producing unit, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) introducing pulverized coal into a combustion chamber of the heat-producing unit; and (b) co-firing the pulverized coal with an oxygenate source selected from glycerol, glycerol derivatives, propylene glycol, propylene glycol derivatives, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol derivatives, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof, where the combustion of the oxygenate source generates at least 2.5%, on a heat input basis, of the total heat generated by the co-firing.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 2003Date of Patent: March 27, 2007Assignee: Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Donald Benjamin Appleby, Joia Kirin Spooner-Wyman
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Publication number: 20040098906Abstract: A firefighting training fluid (FFTF) comprising an isoparaffin blend. The blends of isoparaffins typically have no less than about two carbon atoms and no more than about twelve carbon atoms. The blends of isoparaffins may possess Reid vapor pressures in the range from about 2 to about 6.5 pounds per square inch. The blends also typically possess an initial boiling point of not less than about 80 degrees Fahrenheit and an end boiling point of not more than about 370 degrees Fahrenheit. The blends burn relatively cleanly and keep emissions of volatile organic compounds, compounds containing sulfur, smoke, particulates, olefins, and aromatics to a minimum. The blend components mixed to create the blends of isoparaffins are controlled in order to maintain Reid vapor pressure and initial and end boiling points. Oxygenates may be added to an FFTF in order to further reduce smoke emissions.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 27, 2002Publication date: May 27, 2004Inventors: Dennis G. Doerr, Nancy W. Eilerts, Don E. Burnett, Daniel M. Coombs, Eric J. Netemeyer, Kirsten N. Caswell
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Publication number: 20040060228Abstract: A gasoline additive composed of a plurality of isomers of at least one of dibutyloxide, dipentyloxide, and butylpetyloxide, methods of making same comprising reacting at least one monoolefin with at least one monoalcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and methods of using same.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 30, 2002Publication date: April 1, 2004Inventor: Kenneth M. Webber
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Patent number: 6613108Abstract: The invention relates to process for dimerizing olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, to hydrocarbon compositions and to fuel components produced by the process. According to the invention, fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is fed to a reaction zone of a system including at least one reaction zone and at least one distillation zone. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with an acidic catalyst in the presence of an oxygenate at conditions in which at least a part of the olefins dimerizes. The effluent from the reaction zone is conducted to the distillation zone where dimerized reaction product is separated from effluent, and at least one flow comprising oxygenate is withdrawn from the side of at least one distillation column. The flow is circulated from distillation zone back to dimerization. The reaction mixture is recovered and optionally hydrogenated to form a parafinic reaction product.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1999Date of Patent: September 2, 2003Assignee: Fortum Oil & Gas OyInventors: Juhani Aittamaa, Juha Jakkula, Petri Lindqvist, Matti Koskinen, Juha Linnekoski, Outi Krause, Mauri Sourander, Jyrki Ignatius, Antti Pyhälahti
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Publication number: 20030145514Abstract: A fuel oil for use both in an internal combustion engine and in a fuel cell containing 50% by volume or more of an alkylate gasoline, and, optionally, 1 to 50% by volume of isopentane, 1 to 12% by volume of a hydrocarbon having 4 carbon atoms, 7% by volume or less of an oxygen-containing compound, and 1 to 30% by volume of a desulfurized light naphtha; and a fuel oil for use both in an internal combustion engine and in a fuel cell containing 10 to 60% by volume of a desulfurized light naphtha, 40 to 90% by volume of a benzene-free reformed gasoline and 0 to 10% by volume of a hydrocarbon having 4 carbon atoms. Each of the above fuel oils is a fuel oil for a fuel cell which can produce hydrogen with good efficiency, has no adverse effect on reforming catalysts and electrodes for a fuel cell, and is reduced in deactivation of reforming catalysts and the like, and a fuel oil for an internal combustion engine which has a high octane number and can be used without causing knocking or the like.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 17, 2002Publication date: August 7, 2003Inventors: Takashi Akimoto, Masashi IIzuka, Hiroshi Hirano
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Publication number: 20030097783Abstract: A gasoline is provided that includes a plant oil extract, &bgr;-carotene, and jojoba oil. The gasoline exhibits reduced emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel. A method for preparing the gasoline is also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 26, 2002Publication date: May 29, 2003Inventor: Frederick L. Jordan
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Publication number: 20020005008Abstract: Novel aviation fuel compositions contain a substantially positive or synergistic combination of an alkyl tertiary butyl ether, an aromatic amine and, optionally, a manganese component. The basefuel containing the additive combination may be a wide boiling range alkylate basefuel.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 9, 2001Publication date: January 17, 2002Applicant: Texaco Inc.Inventors: William M. Studzinski, Joseph N. Valentine, Peter Dorn, Teddy G. Campbell, Peter M. Liiva
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Patent number: 6258134Abstract: Novel aviation fuel compositions contain a substantially positive or synergistic combination of an alkyl tertiary butyl ether, an aromatic amine and, optionally, a manganese component. The basefuel containing the additive combination may be a wide boiling range alkylate basefuel.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1998Date of Patent: July 10, 2001Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: William M. Studzinski, Joseph N. Valentine, Peter Dorn, Teddy G. Campbell, Peter M. Liiva
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Patent number: 6238446Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines having heats of combustion and octane qualities deemed necessary for use under actual service conditions are formed from blends of specified proportions of aviation alkylate, ether blending agent, a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and optionally other appropriate hydrocarbons falling in the gasoline boiling range.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 1993Date of Patent: May 29, 2001Assignee: Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc.Inventor: Douglas H. Henderson
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Patent number: 6206940Abstract: The invention is related to fuels having a high laminar flame speed and particular distillation characteristics. More particularly, the invention is directed towards fuels containing at least one species having a laminar flame speed greater than isooctane's laminar flame speed and specific distillation characteristics including T50, FBP, IBP.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1999Date of Patent: March 27, 2001Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Walter Weissman, John E. Johnston, Anthony M. Dean, Kazuhiro Akihama, Satoshi Iguchi, Shuichi Kubo
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Patent number: 6187064Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines of enhanced properties are described. They satisfy at least the octane and heat content specifications of ASTM D 910-90. Also described are unleaded aviation gasolines which satisfy all of the specifications of ASTM D 910-90. The fuels also prevent or at least inhibit exhaust valve recession or wear during use in aviation engines, especially those designed to operate on leaded aviation fuel. The fuels of the invention contain a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound. Preferably the fuels are made up of a blend of at least about 80% by volume of aviation alkylate gasoline, up to about 10% by volume of a gasoline-soluble dialkyl ether gasoline blending agent, from about 0.25 to about 0.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 1994Date of Patent: February 13, 2001Assignee: Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc.Inventor: Douglas H. Henderson
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Patent number: 5912191Abstract: A process for the coupled production of alkyl tert-butyl ethers and butene oligomers from a mixture containing isobutane and n-butane. The isobutane is converted to the alkyl tert-butyl ether and the n-butane is converted to the oligomers. The ratio of the two reaction products may be controlled by setting the ratio of n-butane to isobutane appropriately by isomerization.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1997Date of Patent: June 15, 1999Assignee: Huels AktiengesellschaftInventors: Franz Nierlich, Paul Olbrich, Wilhelm Droste, Richard Mueller, Walter Toetsch
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Patent number: 5851241Abstract: Novel aviation fuel compositions contain a substantially positive or synergistic combination of an alkyl tertiary butyl ether, an aromatic amine and, optionally, a manganese component. The basefuel containing the additive combination may be a wide boiling range alkylate basefuel.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 1997Date of Patent: December 22, 1998Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: William M. Studzinski, Joseph N. Valentine, Peter Dorn, Teddy G. Campbell, Peter M. Liiva
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Patent number: 5752992Abstract: A tertiary-hexyl methyl ether composition comprising 2-Methoxy-2,3-dimethyl butane (MDMB) in an amount of at least 10% by weight based on the total tertiary-hexyl methyl ethers is useful as an octane booster for motor gasoline or motor gasoline feedstock.Type: GrantFiled: January 3, 1997Date of Patent: May 19, 1998Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. (ECPI)Inventor: Dan Eldon Hendriksen
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Patent number: 5749928Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering diesel, gasoline or gasohol internal combustion engines, the method comprising admixing with the fuel an additive which comprises a fuel-soluble, nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or halides; and c) has a partition ratio sufficient to maintain preferential solubility in the fuel.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 1996Date of Patent: May 12, 1998Assignee: Platinum Plus, Inc.Inventors: W. Robert Epperly, Barry N. Sprague, Danny T. Kelso, Wayne E. Bowers