Abstract: A solid halogen-containing lamp fill material and a method of introducing small amounts of halogen into a HID lamp are disclosed. The solid material may include an admixture of a metal and a metal halide in the form of spheres of high purity, uniform size and uniform composition. Solid lamp fill material and methods of introducing small quantities of one or more metals into a HID lamp are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an image display device having in an airtight container an electron source and an image display member that receives electrons from the electron source, an evaporating getter and a non-evaporating getter are stacked in the airtight container. This makes it possible to maintain the vacuum level in the airtight container. The image display device thus obtains a prolonged life and a stable display operation.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a plasma display panel in which an aging process essential to the manufacturing process generates minimal phosphor deterioration, enabling a relatively high luminous efficiency and high quality color production to be produced. To achieve this object, the aging process takes place while gas generated inside the panel is evacuated. Alternatively, after completion of the aging process, the phosphor of the whole panel is heated to restore heat deterioration.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a first gas in a lamp, including: cooling at least a first portion of a lamp below the condensation temperature of the first gas contained in the lamp while operating the lamp; maintaining the temperature of the first portion below the condensation temperature of the first gas until essentially all the available first gas contained in the lamp condenses on the surface of at least the first portion of the lamp; removing a second portion of the lamp, the second portion containing the condensed first gas; and analyzing at least one of the condensed first gas or the remaining bound gas.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminants from a double-ended arc discharge tube includes the steps of providing at least one capillary channel at each end of the tube, where the ends of the tube are sealed closed except at the capillary channels, and introducing a flushing gas into the tube through one capillary channel at one end of the tube and removing the flushing gas and contaminants through another capillary channel at another end of the tube. During manufacture, the double-ended arc discharge tube has a sealed electrode and an open capillary channel at each end of the tube.

Abstract: An antistatic/antireflective coating is applied by sputtering to the outer surface of a video display screen such as in a cathode ray tube (CRT) and is comprised of an inner antistatic layer and an outer antireflective layer. The inner antistatic layer is conductive, while the outer antireflective layer is insulative. The inner antistatic layer is deposited on the entire outer surface of the display screen, while a portion of the antistatic layer is masked during deposition of the outer antireflective layer leaving a portion, or portions, of the inner antistatic layer exposed. The exposed portion, or portions, of the antistatic layer is then electrically coupled to the CRT's grounded implosion protection, or tension, band for safely directing electrostatic charge on the display screen to neutral ground.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other in the quartz glass bulb. The quartz glass bulb of the high pressure discharge lamp contains at least mercury and a halogen gas which are airtightly sealed in the quartz glass bulb. The partial pressure of oxygen (O) in the quartz glass bulb is about 2.5×10−3 Pa or less and the partial pressure of the halogen gas in the quartz glass bulb is in the range between about 1×10−6 &mgr;mol/mm3 and 1×10−8 &mgr;mol/mm3. The pair of electrodes contain potassium oxide in the range between about 20 ppm and 40 ppm.

Abstract: A suction device used in aging process of a microwave tube includes an ion pump and a suction unit respectively connected to an electron gun and a collector located in two opposite ends of the microwave tube. The suction unit includes a barrel communicated with the microwave tube and a getter disposed in the barrel. An electric power source is electrically connected to the getter. Before operation, the microwave tube along with the suction device undergo exhaust process on a heating exhaust station. After that, the electric power source supplies an electric current to electrify and heat the getter to its activation condition. Therefore, the suction device can greatly save the vacuum suction time of the aging process and the cost associated with the production of the microwave tube.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention includes: a discharge chamber that is formed in a silica glass tube, a pair of electrodes that are arranged with ends confronting each other in the discharge chamber; metal foil parts that are superposed and bonded to the other ends of the electrodes, and sealing sections for hermetically sealing the discharge chamber and which are parts for embedding the other ends of the electrodes and the metal foil parts in the glass at the two ends of the silica glass tube. The electrodes and the metal foil parts are embedded in the glass in a state in which metal coils are wrapped around the vicinities of the junctions of the electrodes and metal foil parts. The ends of the metal foil parts on the electrode side are further formed as tapered portions. In addition, the tips of the tapered portions on the electrode side are positioned, with respect to their direction of width, within the width in the radial direction of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of making an electric lamp having a gas filled outer jacket wherein the space enveloped by the jacket may be flushed and filled with the desired fill gas without the use of a mechanical evacuation system including an exhaust pump. The space may be flushed and filled to obtain a controlled atmosphere within the space by inserting a gas dispensing probe into the space to displace the uncontrolled atmosphere with the fill gas. The final pressure of the fill gas which is sealed within the space may be controlled by controlling the temperature of the fill gas during the flush/fill procedure until the outer jacket is sealed.

Abstract: During the manufacture of CRT's a manufacturing step requires that a vacuum be drawn on all CRT's while baking in an exhaust oven. This process is usually performed simultaneously on a plurality of CRT's connected to an exhaust cart by a manifold. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to reduce processing times by utilizing a roughing pump and diffusion pump to alternately evacuate a CRT being processed while isolated from one another. The methodology allows the diffusion pump to remain at a high vacuum level at all times therefore eliminating the need for lengthy warm up of the diffusion pump each time a CRT is processed.

Abstract: A PDP has a front and back substrates with a space between them. Barrier ribs in the space define discharge space groups. Each group has first, second and third discharge spaces. Each discharge space has an upper and a lower opening. Air-locking ribs seal the lower opening of the first discharge space, the upper opening and lower openings of the second discharge space, and the upper opening of the third discharge space. A first wall and the adjacent air-locking ribs defines a first channel which is accessible through each of the upper openings of the first discharge spaces. A second wall and the adjacent air-locking ribs defines a second channel which is accessible through each of the lower openings of the third discharge spaces. First, second and third gases respectively fill the first, second and third discharge spaces to emit different colored light.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope that can improve the vacuum degree in a field emission device is provided. The vacuum envelope includes the cathode side substrate 2 on which field emission elements are formed and the anode substrate 1 spaced by a predetermined distance in the electron emission direction. At least two openings are formed before sealing the vacuum envelope. The remaining gas is ousted from the vacuum envelope by introducing a high temperature gas inside the vacuum envelope for a predetermined period of time. Thereafter, one of the openings is sealed while the envelope is being evacuated to a vacuum state through the remaining openings.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a plasma display panel in which an aging process essential to the manufacturing process generates minimal phosphor deterioration, enabling a relatively high luminous efficiency and high quality color production to be produced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-tube fluorescent discharge lamp which construct multiple glass tubes of different caliber in coaxial structure, the both sides of the inner most tube are connected to a cathode respectively, by isolating, perforating and blocking the discharge path, forming a successive discharge path, and coating phosphor on surface of the discharge tubes. The Invention can then have more fluorescent area than a conventional fluorescent lamp of the similar size and higher lumen as well as power transfer factor. Compared with the power consumption of a conventional fluorescent discharge lamp, the Invention therefore has higher luminous flux.

Abstract: In an anode-side assembling process, a first end of a glass tube is fused to a rearward end of an electrode bar secured to an anode-side lead to produce a primary sealed product. In a cathode-side assembling process, a ring-shaped cathode is secured by caulking to a forward end portion of an electrode bar secured to a forward end of a cathode-side lead to produce a cathode member. In an assembling process, a second end of the glass tube of the primary sealed product is fused to a rearward end of the electrode bar secured to the cathode-side lead of the cathode member to produce a xenon discharge tube. A trigger electrode, which is composed of a transparent conductive film, is formed on a surface of the glass tube so that the light-transmissive sealed tube-coating ratio specified by the transparent conductive film is within a range of 5 to 30%.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp starting from a discharge vessel (10) wherein a closed holder (22) is placed which is provided with a quantity of one or more substances to be introduced in the discharge vessel (10). Subsequently, a desired gas atmosphere is brought about in the discharge vessel (10) and the discharge vessel is closed. Finally, the holder (22) is opened. According to the invention, the holder (22) is made from a leadoxide containing glass, which leadoxide is partly reduced and in which the amount of reduction is a measure of the mercury content of the holder (22). Due to the reduction process holders (22) with different mercury contents have a different color.

Abstract: A method for cleansing the phosphor screen of a display device comprising the removal of oxygen or sulfur from the surface of the phosphor, and/or its associated binder material, to a depth that prevents oxygen diffusion from the phosphor and/or binder, thereby creating an oxygen deficient surface on the phosphors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a field emission type cold cathode incorporated device, which comprises a field emission type cold cathode having a number of electron emitting sections, said sections having sharp projections, and a vacuum tank for placing the field emission type cold cathode in a vacuum environment. In this device, a partial pressure of particular noble gas in residual gas contained in the vacuum tank is set equal to or lower than C/I (C is a constant and I is a maximum emission current value per one of the number of electron emitting sections during driving of the field emission type cold cathode). Also, in order to set a partial pressure of the particular noble gas in the residual gas contained in the vacuum tank equal to C/I (C: constant) or lower, a partial pressure of the particular residual gas in the vacuum tank is monitored by a mass analyzer during vacuum tank exhaustion.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an electron source including one or more than one electron-emitting devices on a substrate, each electron-emitting device having a pair of oppositely disposed device electrodes, an electroconductive film connected to the pair of device electrodes and an electron-emitting region formed in part of the electroconductive film accompanied by a carbonaceous film which contains carbon or carbon compound as principal ingredient and is formed on and in a vicinity of the electron-emitting region, and an image-forming member for forming an image by emitting light when irradiated with electron beams emitted from the electron source. The electron source and the image-forming member are contained in a vacuum envelope, and an organic substance exists in the vacuum envelope to show a partial pressure of the organic substance greater than 1.times.10.sup.-6 Pa and a total pressure lower than 1.times.10.sup.-3 Pa.

Abstract: A method of encapsulation for an organic EL device, which overcomes the difficulty of conventional methods by fully preventing the growth of dark spots in the organic EL device by providing an inert liquid layer having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1 ppm or less on the periphery of the organic EL device.

Abstract: An arc discharge tube has electrodes supported by hollow electrode support tubes at each end. A slot is formed in the electrode support tube. One edge of the slot is depressed inwardly to form a concave surface. The slot is located adjacent to the end cap of the arc tube and provides access to the interior of the electrode support tube. After the electrode assembly is sealed into one end of the arc tube, amalgam particles are dispensed into the arc tube. The arc tube is agitated rapidly, causing the amalgam particles to pass through the slot and drop into the interior of the electrode support tube. The amalgam particles are isolated from heat during sealing of the other end of the arc tube.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly on an interior surface of a faceplate panel 12 for a color CRT 10 includes the steps of uniformly applying a solution of a material to form an organic conductive (OC) layer and overcoating the OC layer with a solution to form an organic photoconductive (OPC) layer, on the interior surface of the faceplate panel. The OPC layer 34 is conditioned by directing a stream of dry gas thereon to warm the OPC layer to a preheat temperature, while maintaining the panel at a panel temperature less than the preheat temperature. The OPC layer is exposed to IR radiation to rapidly increase the temperature of the OPC layer to a curing temperature, greater than the preheat temperature, to remove some of the volatilizable constituents from the OPC layer, without substantially increasing the temperature of the panel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the manufacturing of metal salt gas discharge lamps involves a purging assembly which will allow the purging step to be conducted outside a dry box, while completely shielding the fiber material from possible exposure to the atmosphere, so as to simplify the manufacturing process and reduce operation cost. The purging assembly comprises a manifold, which is removably connected to a vacuum pump and an inert gas supply, respectively. The manifold is provided with a plurality of branch tubes connected thereto. Each of the branch tubes is adapted to be connected to a lamp envelope via a ball valve, which provides a straight passage way therethrough when opened. During the purging operations, the ball valves respectively connecting the lamp envelopes and the branch tubes are open to thereby allow moisture and other undesirable components to be purged from the lamp envelope.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation starting source for an arc discharge lamp includes a sealed envelope with a press seal, a gaseous fill material within the envelope, a molybdenum ribbon which extends from the press seal into the interior region of the envelope and a wire inlead for carrying electrical energy to the ribbon. A method of manufacture includes flowing a fill material through a tube. Further, a seal is formed at one end of the tube, the interior of the tube is pumped to a desired pressure and another press seal is formed at the second end of the tube to create a sealed envelope.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp having a tubular discharge vessel (1). At each of its end portions (2, 3) the vessel (1) is fused to a respective metal tube (5) having an uncovered outer surface outside the vessel. A sealed glass tube (6) is fused to the metal tubes (5). Ignition aids (18, 28, 40) may also be present. The simple construction of the lamp permits manufacture and high lamp quality, even at long lengths and/or small diameters of the discharge vessel. The lamp may have an ionizable filling of rare gas or may also contain mercury. A fluorescent powder may also be present in the discharge vessel. The lamp (72) and a luminaire (70, 71) mounting the lamp may be used for display or signalling purposes.

Abstract: A light emitter for giving plasma light emission upon application of an electric field. The light emitter comprises a resin including fine bubbles in which a gas is trapped. The gas is selected from rare gases, hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas. This light emitter is applicable to a light emitting device such as a plasma display.

Abstract: A lamp air exhausting apparatus is disclosed, which comprises a compression head, a holding assembly, and a securing member. The holding assembly comprises a holder, a flexible tube, a push rod, an eccentric cam and a spring. According to the present invention, a separate exhausting tube is not required, and an electrode can be accurately placed at the center of the lamp.

Abstract: A negative glow discharge lamp having improved efficacy enabled by reducing the anode work function by the introduction of a metal-based gas into the lamp envelope for absorption on the anode. The metal-based gas is preferably cesium but may also, for example, be sodium.

Abstract: The electric lamp has a lamp vessel (1) which is fixed by means of cement (6) in a lamp cap (3) of synthetic material. A metal ring (7) in contact with the cement (6) is present in the lamp cap (3), as a result of which the cement (6) can be secured by inductive heating of the metal ring (7). The lamp cap (3) has ribs (10,11) on the inside surface of the lamp cap (3), by which the metal ring (7) is radially and axially separated from the lamp cap (3).

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between plates treated to enforce a particular ferroelectric molecular orientation to the plates. The devices employ alone or in combination non-planar boundary conditions, polar boundary conditions, boundaries with multiple physical states, intrinsic spontaneous splay distortion of the polarization orientation field, combined ferroelectric and dielectric torques, layers tilted with respect to the plates. The plates are spaced by a distance sufficiently small to ensure unwinding of the helix typical in a bulk of the material to form either monostable, bistable or multistable states which exhibit novel electro-optic properties. The liquid crystal is responsive to an externally applied electric field, temperature or the like to make a light valve or other electro-optical device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an unsaturated high-pressure sodium lamp provided with a discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space, having a ceramic wall and closed at both ends by a leadthrough element to which an electrode is secured, and at least one electrode provided with emitter material. The fill material within the discharge vessel contains sodium, mercury and a rare gas. According to the invention, the discharge space also contains in metallic form one or more of the elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba up to at most 10% by weight of the mercury metered.

Abstract: A process for flushing and filling a low pressure gas discharge lamp which has an exhaust tube and discharge electrodes at each of its ends and which is provided with a discharge vessel for limiting or bounding the gas discharge, wherein the course of the process the discharge vessel is coupled via the exhaust tubes to a pumping apparatus. Flushing or fill gas is continually charged into the discharge vessel via one of the exhaust tubes and simultaneously via the other exhaust tube the gas is discharged in such a manner that within the discharge vessel an equilibrium pressure prevails which coincides with the final charging pressure of the lamp, while the flow rate of the flowing gas is expediently maintained at a constant value.

Abstract: Electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp having a lamp vessel sealed in a gas-tight manner and filled with a metal vapor and a rare gas. The lamp vessel comprises a glass envelope which is connected in a gas-tight manner to the edge of a conically widening collar at the end of a tubular part of a sealing member also made of glass. The tubular part accommodates a rod-shaped core of a magnetic material by means of which a discharge is generated in the lamp vessel during operation of the lamp. An exhaust tube extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular part terminating at the wall of the conical collar. The end of the exhaust tube engages round an orifice in a planar surface in a cam-shaped recess provided in the wall of the conical collar. The planar surface extends substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tubular part of the sealing member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a photomultiplier tube (10) comprising a tube body (20), a photocathode (30) and an electron multiplier element (40) destined to be placed at a small distance from the photocathode (30). According to the invention the tube (10) is provided with sliding means (50) of the electron multiplier (40) parallel to the axis (22) of the tube body (20), means (50) provided with abutments (53) situated in the proximity of the said window (31).

Abstract: A CRT has a unique, machine-readable, coded marking in an external surface thereof. Assembling the CRT includes (1) providing at least one envelope part having a unique, machine-readable coded marking on an external surface thereof, (2) machine-reading the marking, (3) generating a signal in response to step (2) and, (4) in response to the signal, initiating a local process for action with respect to the envelope part. The action may include transportation of the part, assembly of other parts or subassemblies to the part, or testing of an assembly including the part.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between plates treated to enforce a particular ferroelectric molecular orientation to the plates. The devices employ alone or in combination non-planar boundary conditions, polar boundary conditions, boundaries with multiple physical states, intrinsic spontaneous splay distortion of the polarization orientation field, combined ferroelectric and dielectric torques, layers tilted with respect to the plates. The plates are spaced by a distance sufficiently small to ensure unwinding of the helix typical in a bulk of the material to form either monostable, bistable or multistable states which exhibit novel electro-optic properties. The liquid crystal is responsive to an externally applied electric field, temperature or the like to make a light valve or other electro-optical device.