Abstract: An electron-emission type field-emission display and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed, of which the beeline distance of the electron emission is identical. The structure of the field-emission display has a cathode electrode so configured that beeline distances between all surface points of the cathode electrode and a gate conductive layer thereover are identical. The cathode electrode is fabricated from a silver paste and a carbon nanotube. To configure the silver paste, a gray-scale mask with a gradient light transmission rate from a center to a periphery thereof is used as a photomask to perform exposure upon the silver paste.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ultrafine carbon fiber of the present invention has several steps as follows. In the first step, a semiconductor film is formed over a surface having insulative. In the second step, a first treatment is performed so that a metal element or a silicide of the metal element is segregated on a crystal grain boundary of the semiconductor film after adding the metal element in the semiconductor film. In the third step, a second treatment is performed so that an ultrafine carbon fiber on the surface of the metal element or the silicide of the metal element is formed.

Abstract: Particles, which may include nanoparticles, are mixed with carbon nanotubes and deposited on a substrate to form a cold cathode. The particles enhance the field emission characteristics of the carbon nanotubes. An additional activation step may be performed on the deposited carbon nanotube mixture to further enhance the emission of electrons.

Abstract: A light-emitting cell, includes a light-emitting material which can emit light in response to a collision of an electron beam; an electron-emitting unit having a carbon nanotube as an electron source for releasing the electron beam and emitting the electron beam to ram against the light-emitting material; and a gate disposed above the carbon nanotube for controlling the electron beam emitting from the carbon nanotube whether to pass through the gate to ram against the light-emitting material at a specific address wherein the gate comprises a network conductor including a first metal layer for determining an x-coordinate of the address, a second metal layer for determining a y-coordinate of the address, and an extracting electrode placed between the carbon nanotube and the first metal layer for extracting the electron beam from the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device in which the specific capacitance and the drive voltage are reduced, and which is capable of obtaining a finer electron beam by controlling the trajectory of emitted electrons. An electron-emitting portion of an electron-emitting member is positioned between the height of a gate and the height of an anode. When the distance between the gate and a cathode is d; the potential difference at driving the device is V1; the distance between the anode and the substrate is H; and the potential difference between the anode and the cathode is V2, then the electric field E1=V1/d during driving is configured to be within the range from 1 to 50 times E2=V2/H.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a field emission device having emitter shapes, comprise the steps of forming a first original plate having a major surface provided with emitter shapes, by cutting a surface portion of a base material, forming a first material layer on the major surface of the first original plate on which the emitter shapes are provided; separating the first material layer from the first original plate, thereby obtaining a second original plate having recesses onto which the emitter shapes on the first original plate are transferred, forming a second material layer on a major surface of the second original plate on which the recesses are provided; and separating the second material layer from the second original plate, thereby to obtain a substrate having projections portions onto which shapes of the recesses of the second original plate are transferred.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device contains a vertical emitter electrode patterned into multiple laterally separated sections situated between the electron-emissive elements, on one hand, and a substrate, on the other hand. The electron-emissive elements comprising carbon nanotubes are grown at a temperature range of 300° C. to 500° C. compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate. The electron-emissive elements are grown on a granulized catalyst layer that provides a large surface area for growing the electron-emissive elements at such low temperature ranges. To ensure growth uniformity of the carbon nanotubes, the granularized substrate is soaked in a pre-growth plasma gas to enhance the surface diffusion properties of the granularized substrate for carbon diffusion.

Abstract: A network conductor has an irregular network structure with as thin lines as 10 nm to 10 ?m. The network conductor is obtained by forming a thin film on a substrate; forming microcracks in a network manner in the thin film; and forming a layer of a conductive material in the microcracks. The network conductor can be used for a positive electrode and/or a negative electrode of an organic electroluminescence device.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element includes: (a) a substrate, (b) a lower electrode layer provided on the substrate, (c) an electron-emitting layer provided on the lower electrode layer, and (d) a control electrode layer so disposed as not to be in contact with the electron-emitting layer, wherein the electron-emitting layer includes an electron-emitting material for emitting electrons in an electric field, (1) the electron-emitting material being a porous body having a 3D-network structure skeleton, (2) the 3D-network structure skeleton being composed on an inner portion and a surface portion, (3) the surface portion comprising an electron-emitting component, (4) the inner portion being occupied by (i) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material, (ii) an empty space, or (iii) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material and an empty space.

Abstract: A method of forming carbon nanotube emitters and a method of manufacturing an FED using such carbon nanotube emitters includes: forming a carbon nanotube layer on a substrate on which a plurality of electrodes are formed, coating a photoresist on the carbon nanotube layer, patterning the photoresist such that the photoresist only remains above the electrodes, removing an exposed portion of the carbon nanotube layer by etching using the patterned photoresist as a etch mask, and removing the photoresist pattern and forming the carbon nanotube emitters on the electrodes.

Abstract: A fabrication method for an emitter includes the steps of forming on a glass substrate a CNT film which contains a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and constitutes an emitter electrode, forming a gate electrode via an insulating film on the CNT film, forming a plurality of gate openings in the gate electrode and the insulating film, and aligning upright the CNTs in the gate opening. The upright alignment generates a stable uniform emission current and provides excellent emission characteristics.

Abstract: A triode structure of a field emission display and fabrication method thereof. A plurality of cathode layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying a dielectric layer. A plurality of emitting layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying the cathode layers, respectively. A plurality of lengthwise-extending gate lines is formed on the dielectric layer, in which each of the gate layers is disposed between two adjacent columns of the cathode layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing an electron emitting device using a carbon fiber using a catalyst, capable of preferably growing carbon fibers at a low temperature without the need of a high temperature process for growing the carbon fibers or a high temperature alloy process on a substrate, and growing the carbon fibers by a density capable of applying an electric field necessary for the electron emission further effectively. Using alloy particles containing Pd and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Rh, Pt, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu as the catalyst, a dispersion of the alloy particles is applied on a carbon fiber producing subject surface for providing the alloy particles so as to grow the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A patterned carbon nanotube process adopted for an electronic device is described. A negative photoresist layer is coated on a cathode substrate. A mask layer is formed with a carved cavity therein during a development process. A carbon nanotube spray is sprayed thereon to fill the carved cavity with a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The cathode substrate is sintered at a high temperature or in a vacuum to remove the mask layer and part of the carbon nanotubes adhered to the mask layer simultaneously, and to connect the rest of the carbon nanotubes firmly to the cathode conductive layer as an electron emitter layer with high resolution for increasing current density and uniformity of illumination of the electronic device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for individually electrically addressable carbon nanofibers on insulating substrates. A method includes forming an electrically conductive interconnect on at least a part of an insulating surface on a substrate; and growing at least one fiber that is coupled to the electrically conductive interconnect.

Abstract: A field emission device having emitter tips and a support layer for a gate electrode is provided. Openings in the support layer and the gate layer are sized to provide mechanical support for the gate electrode. Cavities may be formed and mechanically supported by walls between cavities or columns within a cavity. Dielectric layers having openings of different sizes between the emission tips and the gate electrode can decrease leakage current between emitter tips and the gate layer. The emitter tips may comprise a carbon-based material. The device can be formed using processing operations similar to those used in conventional semiconductor device manufacturing.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating a field emission device, a cathode electrode is first formed on a substrate and an emitter having a carbon-based material is formed on the cathode electrode. After an emitter surface treatment agent is deposited on the substrate to cover the emitter, the emitter surface treatment agent and hardened and removed from the substrate such that the carbon-based material contained in the emitter can be exposed out of a surface of the emitter.

Abstract: A method of producing a fiber, comprising the steps of introducing catalytic particles originally formed in a particle-forming chamber into an arraying chamber together with a carrier gas, to cause the catalytic particles to become arranged on a substrate disposed in the arraying chamber. A next step includes growing fibers, each including carbon as a major component, based on the catalytic particles arranged on the substrate. The fibers grow by heating the catalytic particles arranged on the substrate in an atmosphere containing carbon.

Abstract: Activation of printed or dispensed carbon nanotube (CNT) film using a particle-blasting technique, also referred to as sandblasting or bead blasting. The process works by sending particles of material at high enough velocity such that when the particles hit the surface, some of the material at the surface is removed. The surface of the printed CNT film is slowly eroded away by the particles from the particle gun. The CNT fibers may be embedded in several layers of the printed layer, so they may not be removed easily.

Abstract: An airtight vessel is formed with restraining a vacuum leak and without increase in the number of steps. Provided is a method for producing an image-forming apparatus comprising the airtight vessel in which a rear plate having an electron-emitting device and a wire connected to the element, and a face plate having an electrode are joined to each other through a jointing material, the method comprising the following steps: (A) a first step of forming a first wire which is a part of the wire and which passes through the joint part to connect the inside of the vessel to the outside, by applying a paste comprising particles of an electric conductor and baking the paste; and (B) a second step of forming a second wire located in the vessel, by applying a paste comprising particles of an electric conductor so as to be connected to the first wire inside the vessel and baking the paste, after formation of the first wire.

Abstract: A spray with carbon nanotubes and a method for spraying the spray to get an electron emitting source layer are provided. Choosing a proper and vaporizable solvent to disperse and suspend the carbon nanotubes scattered therein. To mixed up the carbon nanotubes with a binder or an additive to be the spray with a low viscosity. The solvent mixed is carried with a high-pressure air to spray uniformly on a negative conductive layer or a negative glass substrate, a thickness of a film sprayed by the solvent mixed can be adjusted and controlled by a spraying frequency thereof, and the film can be even and uniform and the carbon nanotubes can expose out easily to generate electrons and increase current density thereby in the spraying manner.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube-based field emission display device includes the following steps: providing an insulative layer (22) having a first surface; depositing a layer of catalyst (26) on the first surface of the insulative layer; forming a spacer (28) having a number of openings therein such that patterned areas of the layer of catalyst are exposed in the openings; forming arrays of carbon nanotubes (30) extending from the layer of catalyst in the openings; forming a cathode electrode (34) on a top of each of the arrays of carbon nanotubes; forming gate electrodes (40) on a second, opposite surface of the insulative layer offset from the patterned areas; removing portions of the insulative layer corresponding to the arrays of carbon nanotubes so as to expose the arrays of carbon nanotubes; and attaching an anode electrode (50) having a phosphor screen (52) to the above obtained structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for carbon containing tips with cylindrically symmetrical carbon containing expanded bases. A method includes producing an expanded based carbon containing tip including: fabricating a carbon containing expanded base on a substrate; and then fabricating a carbon containing fiber on the expanded base. An apparatus includes a carbon containing expanded base coupled to a substrate; and a carbon containing extension coupled to said carbon containing expanded base. The carbon containing expanded base is substantially cylindrically symmetrical and said carbon containing extension is substantially cylindrically symmetrical.

Abstract: Structures and methods to ease electron emission and limit outgassing so as to inhibit degradation to the electron beam of a field emitter device are described. In one method to ease such electron emission, a layer of low relative dielectric constant material is formed under the surface of the field emitter tip. Another method is to coat the field emitter tip with a low relative dielectric constant substance or compound to form a layer and then cover that layer with a thin layer of the material of the field emitter tip.

Abstract: Multilayer cathode backplate structures are provided for use with a field emitter in display panels. Processes for making the structures are also disclosed. The backplate structures are made of a plurality of electrodes separated by one or more patterned layers of a dielectric composition, each said patterned layer being formed by firing a thick film dielectric composition which has been patterned by diffusion patterning.

Abstract: There is provided an electron source substrate capable of, even with occurrence of discharge between an anode and an electron-emitting device, avoiding the negative effect on other electron-emitting devices. The electron source substrate has row-directional wiring laid in a row direction; column-directional wiring laid in a column direction so as to intersect with the row-directional wiring; and an electron-emitting device one end of which is coupled to the row-directional wiring, the other end of which is coupled through a resistor element to the column-directional wiring, and to which a predetermined drive voltage is supplied through the wiring, and is configured so that a wiring resistance of the column-directional wiring is higher than a wiring resistance of the row-directional wiring.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing an electron emitting device by disposing a substrate with a catalytic metal film inside a reaction vessel; feeding hydrogen gas and hydrocarbon gas simultaneously into the reaction vessel at a temperature close to room temperature; raising the temperature inside the reaction vessel; and producing carbon fibers by keeping the temperature inside the reaction vessel substantially constant.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission display includes: (1) providing a detachable substrate having a plane surface; (2) forming gate electrodes in a predetermined pattern on the plane surface of the detachable substrate; (3) forming an intermediate layer on the gate electrodes; (4) forming a catalyst layer on the intermediate layer; (5) forming a spacer in a manner corresponding to a predetermined pattern on the layer of catalyst material; (6) forming carbon nanotube arrays extending from the layer of catalyst material; (7) forming cathode electrodes on first ends of the carbon nanotube arrays; and (8) removing the detachable substrate, and removing portions of the intermediate layer corresponding to positions of the carbon nanotube arrays so as to expose opposite second ends of the carbon nanotube arrays that face toward the gate electrodes.

Abstract: A light device includes an electron supply defining an emitter surface. A dielectric tunneling layer is disposed between the electron supply and a cathode layer. The cathode layer has at least partial photon transparency that is substantially uniform across the emitter surface.

Abstract: A catalyst for promoting growth of carbon fiber, which is capable of growing satisfactorily at a low temperature without needing complex process and applicable to such as electron emitting device. The catalyst used for growth of carbon fiber contains Pd and at least one element selected in the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Rh, Pt, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu, in which 20˜80 atm % (atomic percentage) of the selected at least one element is contained to Pd.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing an electric part including a matrix-shaped nonconductive base member, and a carbon nanotube group that is sealed within the nonconductive base member and includes at least one of a carbon nanotube and a plurality carbon nanotubes that are electrically connected to each other. According to the method, substantially only an end portion of the carbon nanotube or at least carbon nanotube contained in the plurality of carbon nanotubes may be exposed from one surface of the nonconductive base member, and an electrode may be connected to a side surface of at least one carbon nanotube included in the carbon nanotube group.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having favorable electron emitting characteristic stable for a long time, which is manufactured by a method comprising the steps of disposing an electrically conductive member having a second gap on a substrate, and applying a voltage to the electrically conductive member while irradiating at least the second gap with an electron beam from electron emitting means disposed apart from the electrically conductive member in an atmosphere comprising a carbon compound.

Abstract: A low input power consumption, compact thermal field emitter is suitable for use in electron beam systems, particularly those systems that use an array of electron beams or a miniature electron beam system. The thermal field emitter design reduces heat loss by reducing heat transfer to the base. To achieve reduced loses the design incorporates the use of high electrical resistivity, low thermal conductivity materials for construction of the filament posts and the filaments. Such materials further reduce heat loss and reduce input current requirements. In one embodiment, the base includes counterbores that reduce the heat conduction path between the filament posts and the base, and moves the contact area further from the filament.

Abstract: A substrate, a cathode electrode formed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer which is formed on the cathode electrode and has a through hole corresponding to part of the cathode electrode, a gate electrode which has a gate hole corresponding to the through hole and is formed on the gate insulating layer, and an emitter formed on the gate electrode exposed to the bottom of the through hole. The emitter has a stack structure formed of a resistive material layer and an electron emission material layer containing a fine electron emission source formed on the resistive material layer.

Abstract: An emitter has an electron supply layer and a tunneling layer formed on the electron supply layer. Optionally, an insulator layer is formed on the electron supply layer and has openings defined within in which the tunneling layer is formed. A cathode layer is formed on the tunneling layer to provide a surface for energy emissions of electrons and/or photons. Preferably, the emitter is subjected to an annealing process thereby increasing the supply of electrons tunneled from the electron supply layer to the cathode layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward cathodes and cathode materials comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and particles. The present invention is also directed toward field emission devices comprising a cathode of the present invention, as well as methods for making these cathodes. In some embodiments, the cathode of the present invention is used in a field emission display. The invention also comprises a method of depositing a layer of CNTs and particles onto a substrate to form a cathode of the present invention, as well as a method of controlling the density of CNTs used in this mixed layer in an effort to optimize the field emission properties of the resulting layer for field emission display applications.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming and associating a lower section of a large-area field emission device (“FED”) that is sealed under a predetermined level of vacuum pressure with an upper section of a large-area FED. The upper section of the FED includes a faceplate. A first conductive layer is disposed on a surface of the faceplate. A matrix member is disposed on a surface of the first conductive layer, and cathodoluminescent material is disposed on the first conductive layer in areas not covered by the matrix member. The method includes disposing a plurality of spacers between the upper and lower sections of the FED to provide a predetermined separation between the upper and lower sections, with the spacers having cross-sectional shapes commensurate with stresses exerted on the spacers and/or heights commensurate with stresses exerted on the spacers. Resulting FED structures are disclosed.

Abstract: An electron amplifier and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The electron amplifier includes a substrate in which a plurality of through holes are formed, a resistive layer deposited on the sidewalls of the through holes, an electron emissive layer including carbon nanotubes which is deposited on the resistive layer, and an electrode layer formed on each of the upper and lower sides of the substrate. Because the electron emissive layer of the electron amplifier is uniform and provides a high electron emission efficiency, the electron amplification efficiency is improved. The electron amplifier manufacturing method enables economical mass production of electron amplifiers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a LED which can be mounted at high density on a large area display. Having a hole for heat sink in the ceramic substrate, the LED is superior in heat sink property. In order to fabricate the light emitting device, first, a secondary ceramic sheet is stacked on the ceramic substrate, followed by forming electrodes in a predetermined pattern on the secondary ceramic sheet around the hole for heat sink. On the ceramic substrate, an upper ceramic sheet with an opening is stacked to form a stacked ceramic substrate in such a way that a part of the electrodes are exposed through the opening. After co-firing the stacked ceramic substrate, a light emitting diode chip is mounted on the secondary ceramic sheet at a position corresponding to the hole for heat sink. Then, the electrodes are electrically connected with the LED chip, and the LED chip is sealed with insulating resin. A light emitting device using the LED and a fabrication method therefor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for creating gated filament structures for a field emission display. A multi-layer structure is provided that includes a substrate, an insulating layer and a metal gate layer positioned on at least a portion of a top surface of the insulating layer. A plurality of patterned gates are also provided in order to define a plurality of gate apertures on the top surface of the insulating layer. A plurality of spacers are formed in the gate apertures at edges of the patterned gates on the top surface of the insulating layer. The spacers are used as masks for etching the insulating layer and forming a plurality of pores in the insulating layer. The pores are plated with a filament material that extends from the insulating pores, into the gate apertures, and creates a plurality of filaments. The spacers are then removed. The multi-layer structure can further include a conductivity layer on at least a portion of a top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electron emission element comprising, between its electrodes, a conductive film having an electron emission section. The method comprising the steps of forming a gap in the conductive film located between the electrodes, and applying a voltage between the electrodes in an atmosphere that has an aromatic compound with a polarity or a polar group and in which the partial pressure ratio of water to the aromatic compound is 100 or less.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of fabricating a vacuum microtube device comprising the steps of forming a cathode layer comprising an array of electron emitters, forming a gate layer comprising an array of openings for passing electrons from the electron emitters, and forming an anode layer for receiving electrons from the emitters. The cathode gate layer and the anode layer are vertically aligned and bonded together with intervening spacers on a silicon substrate so that electrons from respective emitters pass through respective gate openings to the anode. The use of substrate area is highly efficient and electrode spacing can be precisely controlled. An optional electron multiplying structure providing secondary electron emission material can be disposed between the gate layer and the anode in the path of emitted electrons.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic device in which a substrate with a pair of electrodes is provided and a carbon nanotube is formed or arranged to electrically connect the electrodes.

Abstract: Body (1) formed from a porous matrix impregnated with an electron-emitting material, defined by external faces (11, 12, 13) that all have a roughness of less than 0.2 ?m. Because of this surface finish, the operation and the lifetime of the cathodes provided with such cathode emissive bodies are substantially improved.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards metallized carbon nanotubes, methods for making metallized carbon nanotubes using an electroless plating technique, methods for dispensing metallized carbon nanotubes onto a substrate, and methods for aligning magnetically-active metallized carbon nanotubes. The present invention is also directed towards cold cathode field emitting materials comprising metallized carbon nanotubes, and methods of using metallized carbon nanotubes as cold cathode field emitters.

Abstract: A method of removing, or otherwise rendering non-conductive, unwanted carbon nanotubes (132) from an electronic device (100) includes exposing at least a portion of the device to light emitted by one or more of light sources (202) that emit light. Those regions of the device that have wanted carbon nanotubes formed thereon can be selectively masked, by various methods, from the emitted light.

Abstract: A light filament (206) formed from carbon nanotubes is characterized by high mechanical strength and durability at elevated temperatures, a high surface area to volume ratio, and high emissivity. Additionally, electrical resistance of the light filament does not increase with increasing temperature as much as electrical resistance of metallic light filaments. Accordingly, power consumption of the light filament is low at incandescent operating temperatures. A method for making a light filament made of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: forming an array of carbon nanotubes (20); pulling out carbon nanotube yarn (204) from the carbon nanotube array; and winding the yarn between two leads (30) functioning as electrodes to form the light filament.

Abstract: An emission structure includes a resistor with at least one emitter tip thereover and at least one substantially vertically oriented conductive element positioned adjacent the resistor. The conductive element may contact the resistor. A method for fabricating the emission structure includes forming at least one conductive line, depositing at least one layer of semiconductive or conductive material over and laterally adjacent the at least one conductive line, and forming a hard mask in recessed areas of the surface of the uppermost material layer. The underlying material layer or layers are patterned through the hard mask, exposing substantially longitudinal center portions of the conductive lines. The remaining semiconductive or conductive material is patterned to form the emitter tip and resistor. At least the substantially central longitudinal portion of the conductive trace is removed to form the conductive element.

Abstract: A field emission display includes a substrate and a plurality of emitters formed on columns on the substrate. The display also includes a porous dielectric layer formed on the substrate and the columns. The porous dielectric layer has an opening formed about each of the emitters and has a thickness substantially equal to a height of the emitters above the substrate. The porous dielectric layer may be formed by oxidation of porous polycrystalline silicon. The display also includes an extraction grid formed substantially in a plane defined by respective tips of the plurality of emitters and having an opening surrounding each tip of a respective one of the emitters. The display further includes a cathodoluminescent-coated faceplate having a planar surface formed parallel to and near the plane of tips of the plurality of emitters. The porous dielectric layer results in columns having less capacitance compared to prior art displays.