Abstract: In a cellular communication system, an array of sector antennas is provided at each cell site for respectively covering sectors of the service area of the cell site. At each cell site, undesired signals of different channels are received by each antenna, and their magnitudes are determined. One of the signals is selected from each set of signals from the antennas depending on their magnitudes to produce channel signals respectively for the different channels. A list of candidate channels is determined corresponding to those of the channel signals whose qualities are higher than a threshold. One of the candidate channels is selected from the list depending on the magnitudes of those channel signals whose qualities are higher than the threshold. The selected candidate channel is assigned to a mobile station if the selected channel has acceptable quality. Otherwise, it is discarded from the list and the attempt is repeated to select a further candidate channel.

Abstract: The transmit power margin of frame error rate for each subscriber in the system is measured to determine if any "bad" subscribers, those subscribers with transmit power margins of frame error rates that cross a threshold, are in the system. If the system is under capacity, the threshold level is set to the first threshold and the signal-to-noise ratio is incremented. If the system is at marginal capacity, the threshold transmit power margin is set to a second threshold and the system is closed to new calls. If the system is over capacity: the threshold transmit power margin is set to a second threshold; the system is closed to new calls; and the signal-to-noise ratio is decremented.

Abstract: A SCADA communication and control system is used for controlling power distribution. The system includes a master controller, a master ratio and a plurality of remote terminal units (RTUs). A communication link between the master controller and the master radio has two channels. A first channel is for sending master controller messages to the master radio. The second channel is for the master radio to send the RTU response messages back to the master controller. A supplemental controller along with supplemental remote terminal units (SRTUs) also are included for expanding the range of the system. A switch is included in the second channel so as to selectively link either the supplemental controller or the master radio to the master controller for providing response messages. The supplemental controller monitors the first channel to identify messages having an SRTU address. When such a message is identified, the switch is set to select the supplemental controller.

Abstract: A method of locating a portable communication unit (108) having a transmitter (852) for transmitting acknowledge back signals, consists of the steps of transmitting, to the portable communication unit (108) from the communication cell transmitters (104), an information signal which consists of a predetermined color code word which identifies a subset of the communication cells (500) for which radio coverage does not overlap; receiving an acknowledge back signal from the portable communication unit (108) consisting of a reported color code value determined from the color code word transmitted in the information signal; and analyzing the reported color code value to determine a cell location of the portable communication unit (108).

Abstract: A mobile radio system includes fixed stations and mobile stations, a free channel for establishing connection to a mobile station being selected from a predetermined channel list for each fixed station. The individual station lists are initially assigned in a radio network planning phase. To adjust to changes in the system which only occur after it is in operation, the assignment of radio channels is modified on the basis of measured data obtained during actual operation of the system. In this way the system becomes self-adaptative.

Abstract: A method and system for registering mobile stations within a cellular radio telecommunications system. A registration confirmation message, initial voice channel designation message or initial traffic channel designation message may include system parameter values to enable the mobile station to ensure that it is currently registered in the system in which it is currently located.

Abstract: A radio frequency communication system is coupled to a telephone network having automatic number identification (ANI) capabilities for communication thereover. The radio frequency communication system includes at least one relocateable base station (115) which shares a radio frequency channel with stationary communication devices for communicating over predetermined geographic areas. The radio frequency communication system further includes a service center (125) which, in response to a call from a base station (115), receives from the telephone network information indicative of at least a portion of a telephone number from which the base station (115) is calling. The service center (125) determines therefrom whether the base station (115) is located within any of the predetermined geographic areas.

Abstract: Radio frequency reuse between two or more radio frequency communications systems is facilitated by having a beacon transmitter broadcast information globally throughout an area, which information identifies to users of a second system, which radio frequency resources are already in use by a first communications system. The global broadcast of information as to what channels are in use, permits users in the second system to avoid interfering use of those frequencies.

Abstract: A system and method enables the reception of signals on a moving Personal Station (PS) within an Integrated Voice and Data (IVD) system which integrates sound and data, and comprises an available PBX and LAN. A first Cell Station (CS) registers the LAN identifier of a first PS that is positioned within its own radio cell, and assigns a PBX telephone number to the first PS. Subsequently, calling information which includes a LAN identifier for a second PS and the PBX telephone number assigned to the first PS is broadcast via a LAN. Thereafter, a second CS which registers the LAN identifier of the second PS receives the calling information via a LAN and transfers the information of the second PS, or mobile station, via radio link. The second PS then dials the PBX telephone number included in the calling information. Thus, the link between the first PS and the second PS is connected when the first PS receives the call.

Abstract: The cellular mobile telephone apparatus comprises a radio unit having an antenna which is connected to a base station provided in a cell via a radio channel, and a telephone unit which is connected to the radio unit via a line and is formed of a main unit and handset. A plurality of cells form a service area and the base stations included in the service area are connected to a mobile telephone switching office via lines. A system identification number representing the service area and a mobile identification number identifying the telephone apparatus within the service area are assigned to a user by a mobile telephone company. The telephone apparatus comprises a key-input section for inputting the identification numbers and an electrically erasable programmable ROM for storing the identification numbers input by the key-input section.

Abstract: The Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) wireline system connects to and controls processing of calls to a Personal Communication Service subscriber's wireless handset via a home base station or a wireless communication network. Depending on its current location, the subscriber's handset automatically registers with the base station or with a mobility controller of the wireless network. A new registration with the base station when the handset comes within range causes that station to update the subscriber's home location register in a central data base of the AIN. Similarly, when a handset first registers with a mobility controller, that controller updates the subscriber's home location register in the central data base of the AIN. In response to calls directed to the subscriber, the AIN accesses the home location register to determine the current location where the handset is registered. The AIN then uses that data to route the call to the current location.

Abstract: An emergency portable cellular radiotelephone (10) communicates with the one of A and B cellular systems that offers the best signalling. The radiotelephone may be energized from an internal battery (50) or an external power source (62). A single switch (38) is used to instigate emergency communication services. When a signalling channel is available and the switch (38) is activated, the radiotelephone (10) requests the placement of a call to a "911" phone number. Once the call is established, it may not be terminated at the radiotelephone (10), other than by removing power.

Abstract: A simulated air interface system repeatedly simulates a constant but variable open air environment. In the system, a plurality of mobile stations are connected to at least one base station by cables. The system separates the radio path at each mobile station's antenna into an uplink path and a downlink path so that frequency modulation and signal reflections are not introduced into the system. The conditions of the simulated open air environment can be varied by introducing attenuation, doppler shifts, and signal fading into the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing vehicular traffic information using presently existing cellular telephone system technology. Traffic sensors monitor the control and voice channel transmissions of cellular units within a cellular telephone system. Data from these transmissions is extracted and analyzed according to a statistical model and derived vehicle geolocating information to generate vehicular traffic information that is transmitted to a central control center. By combining the information from all of the traffic sensors and each individual cell within a cellular telephone system, a picture of the traffic conditions existing along major thoroughfares may be determined.

Abstract: In a satellite based cellular communication system where the satellites move with respect to the surface of the Earth and have antenna patterns covering thousands of miles, subscriber units must initially access the communication system at a proper frequency and during a proper time slot. Subscriber units compensate for the propagation delay and frequency-shift associated with the distance to a satellite and the velocity of the satellite. The subscriber unit determines the antenna beam of the satellite within which it is located and receives the antenna beam's center coordinates. The location of the satellite is calculated and the propagation distance to the satellite is estimated. Based on the distance to the satellite and the satellite's velocity, the subscriber unit transmits an acquisition request at the proper time and frequency so that it is received within the satellite's timing window.

Abstract: Transitions of a mobile radiotelephone between operating on A band service and B band service are controlled to enable the mobile radiotelephone to utilize the bands of a single service provider over a wide area of cellular service areas in which service is provided on either A or B bands by that single service provider. Each mobile radiotelephone served by a single service provider has an extended home system identification entered into its number assignment module (NAM). When the mobile radiotelephone is operating in a roam mode it scans both the A and B bands searching for the extended home system identification. If the system is successful in locking onto one of the extended home system identification channels the mobile radiotelephone uses that setup channel to establish and receive calls from its original service provider within the present service area. If the lockup can not be made the mobile radiotelephone uses the system I.D. and the A or B band as normally set in the NAM.

Abstract: A personal mobile communications system comprises base stations (4-1.about.4-4) located in respective zones and a paging station (8) covering an area including the zones, or cells (5-1.about.5-4). The paging station and all base stations are connected to a public switched telephone network (PSTN). When a call is originated from a PSTN user (2) to a mobile user (10), the paging station receives a call-setup request from the PSTN containing the address codes of both PSTN and mobile users, and broadcasts the call-setup signal over the covered cells. One or more base stations (4-1.about.4-3) receive the call-setup signal and, in response, broadcast an alert signal. One of the base stations (4-2) receives an off-hook signal from the alerted mobile station (10) and dials the PSTN user address code contained in the call-setup signal to the PSTN to establish a connection (15; 147.about.149; 176.about.178) between the calling and called parties (2,10).

Abstract: A method of establishing a telecommunications network. The method includes the steps of providing a network of local stations joined to one another by microwave links, and arranging, in a cluster around each local station, a plurality of subscriber, or telephone stations, each subscriber station having a unique code. Optical telecommunications links are then established between the subscriber stations and their associated local station. The operation of the network is managed using a system controller, which includes a system controller database incorporating a network map, subscriber and local station data. Associated local databases are established at each of the local stations, and the various databases are continuously and automatically updated via the network in response to a change on the configuration of the network.

Abstract: This invention relates to an interface for interfacing between two different types of networks, such as a GSM cellular radio network and an integrated services digital network (ISDN). The interface communicates between channels of one such network with channels of the other such network by mapping control information between the first (D) and second (Dm) control channels. In a first state of operation, the interface maps data between the first (B1, B2) and the second (Bm) data channels under the control of control information on the control channels. In a second state of operation, the interface maps data between the first control channel (D) and the second data channel (Bm) under the control of control information on the control channel.

Abstract: A novel in-building radio deployment technique is disclosed. Wireless personal communications systems will see a large growth in public acceptance. Presently, deployment of a personal communications system in a building is a time consuming and costly procedure which must be performed on site. The invention measures precise locations of cell centers efficiently and rapidly. It maps the coverage of each cell when a measuring base station interrogates, by wireless, measuring handsets located at critical points of the cell.

Abstract: The power control process of the present invention enables a mobile radiotelephone to continuously update the base station on the power output required. The base station sends a frame to the mobile at a particular rate. If the mobile received and decoded the frame correctly, it sets a power control bit in the next frame to be transmitted to the base station. Based on the error rate of the received power control bits, the base station determines whether to increase or decrease the transmit power.

Abstract: A frequency-hopping-communications system, assigned a system bandwidth B, with the system bandwidth B divided into N sets of frequencies, with each set of the N sets of frequencies not having the same frequencies as other sets of the N sets of frequencies, for communicating base-message data to a plurality of remote units. The frequency-hopping-communications system includes a plurality of base stations for communicating base-message data to the plurality of remote units. Each of the base stations has a coverage area divided into a plurality of N concentric regions which are divided into a plurality of N sectors, with each sector of each concentric region assigned one of the N sets of frequencies.

Abstract: When a particular mobile station transmits a call out signal including a group number of the mobile station and the call out signal is received by a mobile exchange by way of a mobile base station, the mobile exchange determines whether or not a group number is included in the call out signal. When a group number is included, the mobile exchange transmits a paging signal to all of radio base stations having service areas in which a mobile station or stations of the group are present. Each radio base station receiving the paging signal searches for a mobile station of the group in response to the paging signal and waits paging a response signal or signals from a mobile station or stations thus searched out.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for managing the communication of data packets between a mobile data radio terminal and a plurality of fixed base stations in a data communications network. In a system of a plurality of base stations (each including a set of cellular telephone voice transceivers), wherein a first and second base stations are coupled through a home mobile data gateway (MDG) to the data communications network and a third base station is coupled through a server mobile data gateway to the data communications network, a method and apparatus which establishes in the home mobile data gateway, a forwarding address to a server mobile data gateway, sends forwarding information from the home mobile data gateway to the server mobile data gateway, and allocates with the server mobile data gateway, a new channel at the third base station, for the mobile data radio terminal.

Abstract: A dual frequency cellular radiotelephone system, having different service providers, serving mobile subscribers at first and second distinct frequency ranges, uses frequency conversion techniques, to serve both frequency ranges with a minimum of equipment duplication. A first service group is serviced by a first system including a mobile switching center (MSC), a first transmission unit, a first base station controller (BSC), a first base transceiver, a first linear amplifier and first antenna. The entire train of components is designed to support air interface transmissions at the first frequency band at which the first group is served. A signal frequency converter, connected to a transceiver of the first frequency band, converts downlink signals from the first frequency range to the second frequency range and uplink signals from the second frequency range to the first frequency range.

Abstract: Radio frequency based cellular telecommunication systems often require both subscriber units and communication units of a fixed network communication system to maintain secret data which may be used to verify authenticity as well as provide encrypting variables for message encryption processes. An efficient real-time authentication method and apparatus are provided which use a single message to provide authentication and communication link setup information. Further, an authentication method and apparatus are provided which uses instant-specific information such as a time of day, radio frequency carrier frequency, a time slot number, a radio port number, access manager identifier, a radio port control unit identifier, or a base site controller identifier to enhance the reliability of the authentication process.

Abstract: A cellular communication system (50) is offered wherein communicated signals are exchanged on an indexed uplink communication resource and a non-indexed downlink communication resource. The non-indexed downlink communication format allows communication units to identify proximate service providers without knowledge of the index algorithm. The indexed signal transmitted by a user communication unit improves noise immunity in a signal transceived on the uplink. Signal quality is improved on the downlink through the use of selectable diversity antennas (22 or 23).

Abstract: A received power preset value is varied in such a manner that SIR measured at the base station comes to coincide with the target value SIRt. By varying the received power preset value, a cell zone of the base station varies so that the number of mobile stations connected with the base station increases or decreases thereby SIR at each base station approximating with each other. As a result, deviation of communication quality is restricted so that efficiency of the system can be improved.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for sending, receiving, and displaying custom coded textual and/or graphic data via an alphanumeric paging system wherein source data in binary form is encrypted with a designated code and then further converted to an alphanumeric code for transmission via the paging system; a paging receiver with storage capability used in combination with a computer then receives the transmitted data and downloads the alphanumeric code data for reconversion and decryption to binary data and subsequent display of the text and/or graphic data.

Abstract: A hierarchical communication network includes primary, secondary, and tertiary communication systems. The primary system uses orbiting satellites as communication nodes and forms a pattern of cells that may cover the entire earth and that move over the earth. A given spectrum is divided among the cells in accordance with a reuse plan. Any number of secondary, terrestrial-based systems have secondary region areas of coverage that are substantially smaller than the distance to the orbits of the satellites used by the primary system. Secondary systems monitor the primary system to determine which channels of the spectrum are available for use in their secondary regions. Any number of tertiary, terrestrial-based systems reside within a secondary region and have tertiary region areas of coverage that are substantially confined within buildings. Tertiary systems use channels concurrently used by the primary system in the same area where their tertiary regions are located.

Abstract: When a group communication group call is initiated in a multi-site communication system, the communication processing information for that particular communication group call must be established. The communication processing information is formatted by a central controller which in turn transfers that information to a destination data base of a processing multiplexer switch. The information is then stored in the destination data base such that the particular communication group call may be quickly processed. When the communication unit that initiated the call ceases to transmit and another communication unit begins to transmit, the communication processing information is updated to reflect the change in the transmitting communication unit. This continues to happen until the particular communication group call has ended; once it has ended, the communication processing information is deleted from the destination data base.

Abstract: In a mobile radio system wherein a common group call is concurrently transmitted by several primary stations, each primary station includes in the structure of the call the identities of other primary stations which are transmitting the same call. In a TDMA system these identities may be transmitted in a time slot of a dedicated frame F, such as a control slot C, a ramp slot R, or an associated control slot AC. When the quality of the call as received by a mobile secondary station deteriorates, handover to the best available primary station transmitting the same group call can therefore be effected directly by the secondary station without the need for a signaling exchange with the primary stations involved. The invention is also applicable to FDMA systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and method which can provide a private cellular system within an area already served by a public cellular system include a receiver for receiving RF control signals from the public system. The public system control signals are converted to saturation level control signals from the private system. Subscriber units to be serviced by the public system are directed thereto. Those associated with the private system can be serviced directly.

Abstract: A method and system in a wide area radio communications network. The network has at least two central stations, each central station being assigned to at least one peripheral station. According to the method radio transmission at specific frequencies between stations positioned along an arbitrary line is coordinated during all time intervals. The stations are provided with timers, transmitters and receivers for transmitting and receiving during predetermined time intervals in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A method for adaptively allocating channels for connections between base station and mobiles is disclosed. The channels accessible to the base stations for establishing connections with mobiles are ranked in at least one priority list based on transmission loss intervals. Each channel is ranked in the priority list according to their success at previous connections. The amount of power required for a channel allocated from a list associated with a low transmission loss can be set lower thereby reducing the interference associated with the channel and increasing system capacity. A self planned system evolves where channels are allocated for connections based on their past connection history. Thus, the selection of channels which may interfere with calls in neighboring cells or which may suffer substantial interference from a neighboring base is avoided.

Abstract: In a cellular communication system where satellite nodes are moving with respect to the earth's surface, frequencies and time-slots are dynamically reallocated between cells in response to demand for services. When a particular cell is at or near its capacity because of a high demand for services, or is projected to be at or near capacity, spectral capacity is reallocated from nearby cells to meet the increase in demand. The reallocation in capacity is based on both real time cell loading data and historical cell loading information based on previous experiences.

Abstract: Processing of dispatch calls in a simulcast multi-site communication system begins when a source communication unit transmits a message to one or more network receivers. The received signals are analyzed immediately at the received sites for signal quality. Each of the signals are time stamped to identify when they where received. The received signals are transported with their time stamp and signal quality metric to each of the other sites via a digital communication network connecting the sites. A master transmitter site determines the receiver source with the best quality signal as indicated by the signal quality metric. The master transmitter then transports the chosen best quality signal to each of the other sites via a digital communication network. Each transmitter site performs a transmit operation by storing the chosen best quality signal until it is time to transmit the signal in phase with all the other transmitter sites in a simulcast manner.

Abstract: On selecting as a selected channel at a base station in response to a channel assignment request one of transmission channels of a cellular mobile radio communication network when this channel is given a higher updated priority degree in accordance with an interference signal power received through this channel while such requests are not present and furthermore when a CIR of this channel is above a preselected CIR threshold level, the CIR threshold level is selected in dependency on the updated priority degrees given to the transmission channels. Preferably, the CIR threshold level is low and high if the updated priority degree of each channel is high and low at the base station, respectively.

Abstract: A radio system has a detector detecting a required radio program, and supplying an instruction signal when the program is detected thereby. In accordance with the instruction signal, a recording unit begins to record the program.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for assigning a radio channel between base and mobile stations in a mobile communication system, which provide advantages of first available and reuse partitioning systems and do not cause as great a proportional increase in a processing amount as an ARP system. A radio zone is divided into a number of regions having the same area which is equal to channel number N, usable in an entire system by concentric circles centering on a base station 12. Channels 1 to N.sub.s are allotted to the respective regions. Upon the issuance of a channel assignment request, a channel corresponding to the region where the mobile station is located or its neighboring channels is assigned preferentially.

Abstract: Authorized use of a wireless subscriber system, e.g. cellular telephone system, is distinguished from unauthorized use by electronically observing a plurality of external signal traits which represent alterations in the radio frequency signal due to physical characteristics identified with a particular transmitter. Examples of such external signal traits include those which are produced as a consequence of manipulating the carrier to encode information upon it and those produced by transmitter timing circuit idiosyncrasies. The external signal traits are converted into a signature code or security pattern which is then stored along with the existing subscriber system identification code to generate a historic security pattern database for use in subsequent authorized use validation.

Abstract: A cellular communications system is provided having both surface and satellite nodes which are fully integrated for providing service over large areas. A spread spectrum system is used with code division multiple access (CDMA) employing forward error correction coding (FECC) to enhance the effective gain and selectivity of the system. Two-way adaptive power control and signal quality monitoring and power control responsive thereto are provided for controlling the power output levels of transmitters to the minimum necessary for satisfactory communications. Each transmission includes a code representative of the transmitter output power level. Receivers compare this code to the received signal strength and adjust their associated transmitter power output level accordingly. Bit error rate and SNR are monitored by receivers to develop a measure of signal quality. A signal quality code is transmitted to remote units and transmission output power level is adjusted in response.

Abstract: Portable stations with a single receiver can perform communication using a plurality of slots in one frame in time division multiple access (TDMA) transmission. When communication is performed between one of the portable stations and a cell station with data of two 32 kbps data into which an exchange converts one 64 kbps data, the portable station occupies two slots in one TDMA frame. A controller of the cell station assigns these two slots as being separated from each other by at least one slot. Alternatively, the controller assigns these two slots as being adjacent to each other and assigns same carrier frequency to these slots. Thus, communication with a transmission rate of 63 kbps can be performed by using two slots or two channels of 32 kbps.

Abstract: A transceiver (203) instructs a RF switch matrix (200) to direct its output to any one of M outputs and likewise sends information related to the power and frequency of the RF input signal and the switched output to an OMC (112). Each output of the matrix (200) is adjusted by an attenuator bank (218) and fed to a spectrum analyzer (233). OMC (112) relays the power, frequency and switched output information to a computer (239) which instructs the spectrum analyzer (233) to perform a power measurement at the frequency of the RF input signal. The computer (239) then determines which outputs of the matrix (200) were switched based on the power level of the RF input signal, the measured power level of the adjusted output signal and a relationship of the different predetermined levels within attenuator bank (218) and verifies by comparison to the switched output information.

Abstract: Directional antennae on aircraft and on cellular telephone base stations, having a polarity opposite that of potentially interfering ground system signals, minimize signal strength of air cellular signals received by ground cellular stations. Aircraft directional antennae comprise patch antennae or vertical arrays of loop elements or vertical arrays of virtual loop elements. Additionally, air cellular signals are switched to channels not currently in use by ground cellular systems.

Abstract: A radio telecommunication apparatus includes a storage for storing a system identification data of a system to which the apparatus belongs to and provides an indication relating to where the apparatus is present on the basis of a result of a comparison between the system identification data stored in the storage and a system identification data received through a control channel which is established immediately before a speech communication link is established. According to the present invention, even if the user's apparatus moves, at the time of calling, from the home area to the roam area or from the roam area to the home area, the area confirmation data corresponding to the current position of the apparatus is accurately displayed.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of locating cordless units in a wide area cordless telephone system is disclosed. A service area is previously divided into a plurality of small service zones and, a plurality of cordless units are provided for establishing communications with a system controller via a plurality of access stations. The system controller locates the cordless units and stores therein location data thereof. Each of the cordless units also stores the location data thereof applied from the system controller. A cordless unit issues a request signal which includes cordless unit location data. The request signal is received at an access station which in turn checks to determine if the request signal applied thereto is issued from a cordless unit whose location data indicates a service zone belonging to a predetermined service zone group.

Abstract: A communication system employs a method for exchanging communicated signals between a remote base site (e.g., 63) and a central site (205) on a communication resource (e.g., 77) assigned to the remote base site (63). The central site (205) or the remote base site (63) determines that a signal must be exchanged between the remote base site (63) and the central site (205). The remote base site (63) then allocates the communication resource (77) for exchanging the signal from those communication resources (e.g., 76 and 77) assigned to the remote base site (63) for exchanging signals with communication units (e.g., 18) in the service coverage area (53) of the remote base site (63).

Abstract: In a communication system having a plurality of sites (100, 101), resource allocations are monitored in the plurality of sites to identify communication resources (108) that support communications for critical members of a user group and historical information is developed regarding the communication resources. When a communication request is received from a member of a first user group, a determination is made as to whether at least one site includes only non-critical members of the first user group. A decision is made to allocate a communication resource in the non-critical-only site(s) in support of the communication request as a function of the historical information.

Abstract: In a cellular communication system, a mobile station detects field intensities of surrounding cell sites and transmits a report signal to one of the surrounding cell sites having highest field intensity. Each cell site detects the channel occupancy of its speech channels in response to a connection request from a home cell site and returns a response indicating whether the request is to be granted or not depending on the channel occupancy. The home cell site is responsive to the report signal for assigning priorities to the surrounding cell sites according to its channel occupancy and selects one of the surrounding cell sites according to the assigned priorities. If the home cell site is not selected, it sends a connection request to the selected cell site for receiving a response. If it is selected, it determines whether a speech channel is available or not depending on its channel occupancy.