Abstract: Based on an instruction for starting communication parameter sharing processing using a Wi-Fi Device Provisioning Protocol, a public key to be used in the communication parameter sharing processing is shared, and authentication processing with a providing apparatus that provides a communication parameter is executed using the shared public key. After the authentication processing, a Configuration Request packet indicating a request for a plurality of network identifiers is generated, and the generated Configuration Request packet is transmitted to the providing apparatus.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for improving roaming configuration efficiency. The method includes receiving roaming configuration data for a first roaming partner network operator and roaming configuration data for a second roaming partner network operator. The method includes applying the roaming configuration data for the first roaming partner network operator to a first set of network entity data associated with the first roaming partner network operator and applying the roaming configuration data for the second roaming partner network operator to a second set of network entity data associated with the second roaming partner network operator. The method includes providing the roaming configuration data for the first and second roaming partner network operators.

Abstract: A wireless network switching method. In the method, a station and a target access device directly generate a message integrity check key by means of a domain key, and verify an integrity code on the basis of the message integrity check key, so as to realize the authentication of two parties; and when the authentication of the opposite party is successful, session keys are generated by means of the domain key and in conjunction with random numbers of the two parties, thereby simplifying a switching process and realizing secure and efficient network switching. Further disclosed are a corresponding station and a corresponding access device.

Abstract: A communication system for providing a wireless terminal with access to a network, the wireless terminal storing an identification number for accessing a first network, the communication system being configured to receive a connection initiation request from the wireless terminal while the wireless terminal is located in a second service area of a second network, the second service area being different from a first service area of the first network; select, in response to the connection initiation request, a gateway of a third network connected to the second network; and send a gateway ID of the selected gateway toward the second network. A method and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program are also disclosed.

Abstract: One illustrative method of providing network broadcast information to a wireless device from a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes the steps of receiving, from one or more available cellular networks or a network database, cellular network broadcast information associated with the one or more available cellular networks; providing the cellular network broadcast information in a generic container message which varies in content and format according to one or more cellular standards associated with the one or more available cellular networks; and causing the generic container message to be regularly broadcasted for receipt and use by a wireless device.

Abstract: A method for over-the-top, OTT, management in a communication network is presented. The method is performed in a packet data network gateway, PGW. The method comprises receiving (S200) a request for an application network interaction protocol, ANIP, service from an application client, sending (S210) the received request to a global ANIP server, wherein the request is extended with a public land mobile network, PLMN, identity, receiving (S220) an address to a local ANIP server from the global ANIP server, and sending (S230) the received address to the local ANIP server to the Send request for application client. Methods, a PGW, an application client, an ANIP server, computer programs, and a ANIP service computer program product for OTT management in a communication network are also presented.

Abstract: Techniques for distributed charging in digital telecommunications networks are disclosed. In one particular embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method that includes provisioning a data path that carries a plurality of network flows, receiving a shared usage quota associated with the plurality of network flows, and allocating the shared usage quota among the plurality of network flows. For each network flow among the plurality of network flows, the method includes providing the data path with data indicative of an amount of the shared usage quota allocated to the network flow, configuring the data path to collect metering data associated with the network flow, and configuring the data path to enforce the shared usage quota based on the metering data associated with the network flow and the amount of the shared usage quota allocated to the network flow.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for allocating processing resources may be used in a wireless communication network. The method includes: configuring by a base station, a first sidelink resource pool and a second sidelink resource pool. The first sidelink resource pool is a resource pool of sidelinks that can be used by a user equipment (UE) after entering an idle state or an inactive state, and the second sidelink resource pool being a resource pool of sidelinks that can be used by the UE in the idle state or the inactive state after the first sidelink resource pool has been released. The method further includes: sending by the base station, information of the first sidelink resource pool and information of the second sidelink resource pool to the UE.

Abstract: The present application discloses an edge cloud system, a server, and a cloud control platform. The edge cloud system includes: an edge cloud access gateway module configured to access data of the road side terminal, the vehicle terminal, the third party platform and the regional cloud; a standardized hierarchical sharing interface module connected to the edge cloud access gateway module, wherein the standardized hierarchical sharing interface module is configured to standardize and classify the data of the road side terminal, the vehicle terminal, the third party platform and the regional cloud accessed by the edge cloud access gateway module to form multiple levels of standardized data; wherein standardized data at each level of the multiple levels of standardized data is available to be called only by a module with corresponding level of that of the standardized data.

Abstract: A mobile device (UE) may access standalone non-public networks (SNPNs) in various different locations as equivalent SNPNs (eSNPNs) corresponding to a home SNPN of the device. The device may obtain a list of eSNPNs corresponding to the home SNPN, and may access a second SNPN at a location different from a location of the home SNPN, in response to identifying the second SNPN and the list including the second SNPN as an eSNPN corresponding to the home SNPN of the device. The eSNPNs may include roaming eSNPNs (ReSNPNs) for accessing an enterprise NPN globally and/or at various different locations. The eSNPN/ReSNPN list may be maintained in a new network identifier management function (NMF). NPNs may be implemented as network slice instances (NSIs) via identifying data in the single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI). Multiple credentialed SNPNs of a UE may be prioritized for access by the UE.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein disclose a method camping a User Equipment (UE) on a cell, the method comprising: creating a combined Most Recently Used (MRU) list by merging a list 4G MRU frequencies with a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) having a 5GC and a list of 5G MRU frequencies, determining whether one of a 4G cell with 5G core (5GC) and a 5G cell is available for camping by performing a MRU scan on the combined MRU list; performing one of: camping on one of the 4G cell with 5G core and the 5G cell in response to determining that one of the 5G cell and the 4G cell with 5G core is available and performing a 4G MRU frequency scan on a list of 4G without 5GC MRU frequencies in response to determining that one of the 4G cell with 5G core and the 5G cell is not available.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processing system including a processor, facilitate performance of operations including receiving a first message from a mobile management entity (MME) in a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network indicating a handover of user equipment (UE) to a fifth generation (5G) network covering a first area in which the UE is located; discovering an access mobility management function (AMF) in the 5G network responsive to the second message; receiving a second message from the AMF indicating a handover of the UE to the LTE network; and discovering a second mobile management entity (MME) in the LTE network covering a second area in which the UE is located. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are discussed herein for detecting anomalous signals such as spoofed satellite positioning system (SPS) signals and for the transmission of accurate location estimates between user equipments (UEs) when the SPS signals are not reliable. A UE determines an SPS derived location estimate and determines an associated confidence level. The confidence level is determined based on time or location derived from the SPS signals, e.g., relative to local time or non-SPS information, such as stored previous location estimates, non-SPS sensor information, and location information from other UEs. The UE transmits location information to other UEs that includes a selected location estimate, confidence level, and the source of the location estimate, e.g., where the SPS derived location estimate is selected if the confidence level is high and the non-SPS derived location estimate is selected if the confidence level is low.

Abstract: Devices that connect via a WLAN and Internet to communication network, e g. a Public Switched telecommunication network (PSTN) can call e.g. an emergency centre. The method proposed, defines enables the device that initiates a call setup via a WLAN to provide the emergency centre with geographical location information by retrieving this information locally by e.g. a GPS module. The operator of the phone of the subscriber maintains a database wherein the identity of the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is recorded. The subscriber is enabled to add devices that generally have no SIMs (non-SIM devices), such as tablets to the database. In determining whether a WLAN based call setup to the emergency centre is allowed, it is checked with the database whether a record for the non-SIM device is present, and valid.

Abstract: A communications method includes receiving, by a session management network element, a message for requesting to establish or modify a session, and determining, by the session management network element based on an access technology type corresponding to the session, whether to send a request message to an access management network element in the first communications network, where the request message requests the access management network element to allocate a connection identifier of a connection of the session in a second communications network.

Abstract: A data management method includes sending, by a first communications apparatus, first request information to a second communications apparatus, where the first request information includes subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) information of user equipment (UE), and the first request information is used to instruct the second communications apparatus to obtain, from a third communications apparatus, policy information of the UE stored in the third communications apparatus, where the policy information is stored in the third communications apparatus by using a location area as a classification, and receiving, by the first communications apparatus, the policy information sent by the second communications apparatus.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a plurality of cells, each cell being associated with a respective serving area of TUPF. A base station controls a communication session of a communication device via the base station and a TUPF. Mobility of the communication device between a source cell and a target cell is performed as follows: when the communication session uses a nomadic IP address and the target cell is associated with the same TUPF serving area as the source cell but the base station is unable to determine the TUPF serving area of the target cell, the base station initiates a redirection procedure rather than a handover procedure. When performing the redirection procedure, the communication connection for the communication session via the source cell is broken before the target cell has been prepared to receive communication for the communication session of the communication device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method incudes acquiring, from a preset public network access channel, unique network identification information of a region where the terminal is located; determining a spectrum standard corresponding to the region where the terminal is located according to the public network access channel and the unique network identification information; and communicating according to the spectrum standard.

Abstract: A spectrum refarm system defines, for each of multiple geographic regions, a spectrum set that represents telecommunications spectrum blocks in use in a corresponding geographic region and a first distribution of technical allocations of each spectrum set. The first distribution of technical allocations for an identified spectrum set specifies telecommunications technologies that are deployed on the spectrum blocks in the identified spectrum set and a number of the spectrum blocks on which each technology is deployed. The spectrum refarm system can maintain the spectrum sets in a data store and modify information in the data store to cause a distribution of technical allocations for a first spectrum set to change from a respective first distribution to a second distribution. Information in the data store is also modified to cause a distribution of technical allocations for a second spectrum set to change from a respective first distribution to a third distribution.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein disclose a method camping a User Equipment (UE) on a cell, the method comprising: creating a combined Most Recently Used (MRU) list by merging a list 4G MRU frequencies with a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) having a 5GC and a list of 5G MRU frequencies, determining whether one of a 4G cell with 5G core (5GC) and a 5G cell is available for camping by performing a MRU scan on the combined MRU list; performing one of: camping on one of the 4G cell with 5G core and the 5G cell in response to determining that one of the 5G cell and the 4G cell with 5G core is available and performing a 4G MRU frequency scan on a list of 4G without 5GC MRU frequencies in response to determining that one of the 4G cell with 5G core and the 5G cell is not available.

Abstract: A communication device electrically connecting to a vehicle including an engine performs a periodic network search to search for a predetermined network when a network currently used by the communication device is not the predetermined network. The communication device restricts performance of the periodic network search during an off period in which the power source is in an off state.

Abstract: The present disclosure addresses missing procedures on subscription to notification of subscription data changes in current standards and provides for amending the “Policy Data Subscription” data structure to indicate that the URI of the “Policy Data Subscriptions” resource and the URI of the “Individual Policy Data Subscription” resource are excluded from the list of resources for which a modification triggers a notification. The present disclosure also provides for new attributes to be included in the “Policy Data Change Notification” data type.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a paging method, a positioning information sending method, a core network node and a base station, and relates to the technical field of communication. The paging method is applied to the core network node in a satellite Internet communication system and comprises the following steps: acquiring the setting mode of the tracking area TA in the satellite Internet communication system; determining the base station for paging the terminal according to the setting mode; and sending a paging message to the base station; wherein the setting mode comprises one of the following setting mode: dividing the satellite Internet communication system one TA; setting at least two fixed TAs; and setting at least two non-fixed TAs.

Abstract: A method and system for a device-based smart NAT selection. A method includes receiving a request from a user equipment (UE) for access to a mobile network. The method further identifies a configuration profile embedded in the request from the UE. In response to identifying, the mobile network identifies a plurality of connection preferences in the configuration profile. The method further enables the mobile network to select one of the plurality of the connection preferences for accessing the mobile network by the UE. The method further connects the UE to the mobile network according to the selected one of the connection preferences.

Abstract: A communication device that attaches to a network and performs radio communication, the communication device is configured to receive, from the network, a reject message indicating rejection in response to a request from the communication device to the network or a request for a detach from the network. The communication device is configured to transmit an attach request message to the network. The communication device configured to determine that a state of a service contract with respect to the network is a contract-canceled state when a first condition is satisfied and then a second condition is satisfied, wherein the first condition is a condition that the receiver consecutively receives the reject message from the network over a predetermined time period, and the second condition is a condition that the attach request message transmitted by the transmitter is rejected by the network.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments may comprise: a touch-responsive display; a wireless communication circuit configured to transmit/receive a radio signal; a processor operatively connected to the wireless communication circuit and the display; and a memory operatively connected to the processor.

Abstract: MBS key distribution includes processing group information associated with an MB session context received from an AF. At least a portion of the group information comprises a TMGI. A plurality of session join requests received from a plurality of UEs are processed. Each of the plurality of session join requests include the TMGE and are associated with the MB session context. A request associated with the MB session context for transmission to an MB-SMF is encoded. A response associated with the MB session context received from the MB-SMF is processed. The response includes a key derived for each of a portion of the plurality of UEs using a UE ID and the TMGI. A DL NAS message and an N2 message are encoded for the plurality of UEs and a base station, respectively. The DL NAS message and the N2 message include the derived key.

Abstract: Approaches of reassigning a home region from a first data center to a second data center as requested by a customer are described herein. The home region is able to implement write operations to a domain, whereas other data centers cannot implement write operations to the domain. The customer can request the home region being reassigned to another data center such that the customer can utilize the other data center to implement write operations to the domain.

Abstract: The disclosures relates to a method of provisioning a subscriber profile into a subscriber data store of an IP Multimedia System (IMS) capable telecommunications network, the subscriber profile being for a subscriber which is a visiting subscriber with respect to the IMS-capable telecommunications network, the subscriber data store being for use in IP Multimedia System (IMS) call processing, the method comprising: receiving a request to allocate an IMS Access Point Name (APN); and in response to receiving the request to allocate the IMS APN, triggering a provisioning of the subscriber profile into the subscriber data store.

Abstract: An operator system of a wireless communication network operator sends, to a regulator system of a regulator, a record that includes information about administration of a subscription identifier associated with the wireless communication network operator. Responsive to sending the record to the regulator system, the operator system receives a response that indicates whether the regulator system approves of or rejects the record being added to a permissioned distributed database that is distributed at least in part between the regulator system and the operator system. The operator system adds or does not add the record to the permissioned distributed database depending on the response.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is configured to prioritize a plurality of Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) from an aggregate roaming priority public land mobile network (RPPLMN) list containing the plurality of PLMNs into a plurality of prioritized PLMNs and connect to a selected PLMN from the plurality of prioritized PLMNs based on a priority of the selected PLMN. The UE is further configured to determine if an application processor (AP) assisted location service is available, wherein the AP-assisted service is configured to identify a plurality of deployed PLMNs and a plurality of frequencies used by the plurality of deployed PLMNs at a current geographical location of the UE and when the AP) assisted location service is available, determining if a registered PLMN (RPLMN) is valid in a current mobile country code (MCC).

Abstract: A method for routing inter-public land mobile network (inter-PLMN) messages relating to existing subscriptions with a network function (NF) repository functions (NRFs) includes, at a security edge protection proxy (SEPP) implemented using at least one processor, automatically populating, by the SEPP, a subscription identifier to target NRF resource identification information mapping database accessible to the SEPP with mappings between subscription identifiers and target NRF resource identification information. The method further includes receiving an inter-PLMN message for modifying or deleting a subscription. The method further includes reading a subscription identifier from the message for modifying or deleting the subscription. The method further includes using the subscription identifier from the message for modifying or deleting the subscription to access the database and obtain an identifier associated with an NRF that created the subscription.

Abstract: A mobile communication device for receiving an ad hoc temporary upgrade in quality of service (QoS). The mobile communication device comprises a processor, at least one cellular radio transceiver, a non-transitory memory, and an ad hoc service upgrade application. When executed by the processor, the application monitors wireless cellular communication on a network via the at least one cellular radio transceiver, detects a significant delay in the communication, generates a prompt on a GUI, the prompt comprising a plurality of options for an ad hoc temporary upgraded QoS, where each option is associated with a time period. The application further, based on a user input, requests a preferred roaming list (PRL) associated with the temporary upgraded QoS, receives the PRL, wherein the PRL is associated with providing the upgraded QoS on an allocated spectrum, activates the received PRL, and upon expiration of the time period, deactivates the received PRL.

Abstract: At switch-on or when recovering from lack of coverage, a UE determines first frequency bands corresponding to an initial MCC of a country in which the UE currently is located (402). The frequency bands include a first set of frequency bands associated with a network carrier to which the UE is subscribed and a second set of frequency bands not associated with the network carrier (404). The UE scans the first set of frequency bands (406). In response to detecting a new MCC and determining that no service is available within the first set of frequency bands (408), the UE scans a third set of frequency bands preferred by the UE within a second plurality of frequency bands corresponding to the new MCC (410). In response to determining that no service is available within the third set of frequency bands, the UE scans the second set of frequency bands (412).

Abstract: Empirical data of exit nodes are continuously monitored and each exit node's overall performance and available capacity are calculated. The empirical data can include monitoring the number of concurrent requests currently being executed by each exit node and the disconnection chronology of each exit node. Further, each exit node is tested by benchmark requests and ping messages and each exit node's quality rate is calculated. Additionally, systems and methods are provided to select an exit node with the highest quality and available capacity value, from a particular pool to route the user request.

Abstract: Various designs for optimization of carrier aggregation (CA) capability signaling are discussed. A user equipment (UE) configured for CA determines to signal supported CA combinations that include a band, the band being one of a first band and a second band. The first band is a superset of the second band. The UE signals the supported CA combinations that include the band to the network. A base station receives a signal indicating the CA combinations supported by the UE that include the band. The base station determines CA combinations that include the first band and CA combinations that include the second band based on the CA combinations received from the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a paging method, applied to a wireless communications system. When downlink data to a terminal reaches a first access network device from a core network, the first access network device is triggered to determine a paging parameter of the terminal, and to send, based on the paging parameter, a paging message to the terminal through the first access network device or a second access network device.

Abstract: In some implementations, a first network device may be associated with a serving gateway control plane function of a core network. The first network device may send, via a first interface, an association message to a second network device that is associated with a session management function and a packet data gateway control plane function of the core network. The first network device may receive selection information from the second network device via the first interface. The first network device may select, based on the selection information, a third network device that is associated with a serving gateway user plane function of the core network. The first network device may cause the third network device to route traffic for a packet data network session associated with a user device.

Abstract: A method for associating and authenticating a station (STA) with a coordinated access point (AP) group may include generating a pairwise master key (PMK) between the STA and a coordinator of the coordinated AP group, and maintaining an association and authentication state between the STA and the coordinated AP group based on the PMK. The method may further include generating one or more temporal keys between the STA and the coordinator based on the PMK. The method may further include distributing the PMK from the coordinator to a first member AP and a second member AP of the coordinated AP group. The method may further include generating a first temporal key between the STA and the first member AP, and generating a second temporal key between the STA and the second member AP.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for quantifying quality of several service classes provided by a link between first and second forwarding nodes in a wide area network (WAN). At a first forwarding node, the method computes and stores first and second path quality metric (PQM) values based on packets sent from the second forwarding node for the first and second service classes. The different service classes in some embodiments are associated with different quality of service (QoS) guarantees that the WAN offers to the packets. In some embodiments, the computed PQM value for each service class quantifies the QoS provided to packets processed through the service class. In some embodiments, the first forwarding node adjusts the first and second PQM values as it processes more packets associated with the first and second service classes. The first forwarding node also periodically forwards to the second forwarding node the first and second PQM values that it maintains for the first and second service classes.

Abstract: Various communication systems may implement network management tools to help manage registration requests from a user equipment. For example, network functions in a communication system with a shared data layer may be used to manage requests from the user equipment. A method may include transmitting a request from a user equipment to a network function. The method may also include receiving at the user equipment a temporary identification from the network function The temporary identification comprises an identifier that helps locate a shared data layer function that stores context information for the user equipment. In addition, the method may include transmitting from the user equipment a subsequent request comprising the temporary identification to another network function or the network function.

Abstract: A mobile device (UE) may access standalone non-public networks (SNPNs) in various different locations as equivalent SNPNs (eSNPNs) corresponding to a home SNPN of the device. The device may obtain a list of eSNPNs corresponding to the home SNPN, and may access a second SNPN at a location different from a location of the home SNPN, in response to identifying the second SNPN and the list including the second SNPN as an eSNPN corresponding to the home SNPN of the device. The eSNPNs may include roaming eSNPNs (ReSNPNs) for accessing an enterprise NPN globally and/or at various different locations. The eSNPN/ReSNPN list may be maintained in a new network identifier management function (NMF). NPNs may be implemented as network slice instances (NSIs) via identifying data in the single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI). Multiple credentialed SNPNs of a UE may be prioritized for access by the UE.

Abstract: A wireless device derives first paging occasions of a first public land mobile network (PLMN) based on an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) of the wireless device and second paging occasions of a second PLMN. The wireless device determines a collision between the first paging occasions and the second paging occasions. Based on determining the collision, the wireless device sends, to a core network node of the first PLMN, a requested IMSI offset value for offsetting the IMSI of the wireless device. the wireless device receives, from the core network node, an accepted IMSI offset value for offsetting the IMSI of the wireless device. The wireless device monitors third paging occasions of the first PLMN. The third paging occasions are derived based on an alternative IMSI equal to a sum of the IMSI of the wireless device and the accepted IMSI offset value.

Abstract: Methods and systems for recovering from SOR failures are provided. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprises detecting a steering of roaming (SOR) failure during registering with a first visitor-public land mobile network (VPLMN) or after registration with the first VPLMN, wherein the UE operates in a manual mode; switching the manual mode to an automatic mode based on a determination that the SOR failure occurs; and performing PLMN selection procedure to obtain service on a second VPLMN which is a higher priority than the first VPLMN.

Abstract: A method for improving roaming configuration efficiency including providing a GUI including roaming configuration data for roaming partner network operators. The method includes receiving, at a roaming configuration management (RCM) server and via the GUI, updated roaming configuration data for a first roaming partner network operator and updated roaming configuration data for a second roaming partner network operator. The method includes applying the updated roaming configuration data for the first roaming partner network operator to a first set of network entity data associated with the first roaming partner network operator and the updated roaming configuration data for the second roaming partner network operator to a second set of network entity data associated with the second roaming partner network operator. The method includes providing the updated roaming configuration data for the first and second roaming partner network operators.

Abstract: An architecture for dynamically selecting and routing traffic from Internet of things (IoT) devices and sensors to the nearest or most proximate IoT hub device. A method can comprise receiving a connection request from a user device; retrieving address data representing a network device of a group of network devices; and sending the address data to the user device.

Abstract: A system for automatic generation of a work site equipment grouping is provided. The system includes a plurality of work machines, each work machine configured to wirelessly communicate with other work machines. The system also includes a local area network including a plurality of communicatively connected nodes. The nodes include the work machines. The work machines are configured to create and join the local area network when the work machines are within a signal range of one or more of the plurality of nodes.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for mapping IP addresses and domain names to organizations. The method includes receiving, by a mapping system from an data provider, a dataset related to a plurality of users of the data provider. The dataset includes (a) an IP address for a user device of each user of the plurality of users, and (b) a domain name for a user account of each user of the plurality of users; enriching, by an analytics engine of the mapping system, the received dataset with enrichment data from an enrichment source; receiving, by the analytics engine from a storage medium, historical data relevant to the enriched dataset; and mapping, by the analytics engine, (i) the IP address and/or (ii) the domain name of each user of a portion of the plurality of users to an organization based on the enriched dataset and the historical data.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for quantifying quality of several service classes provided by a link between first and second forwarding nodes in a wide area network (WAN). At a first forwarding node, the method computes and stores first and second path quality metric (PQM) values based on packets sent from the second forwarding node for the first and second service classes. The different service classes in some embodiments are associated with different quality of service (QoS) guarantees that the WAN offers to the packets. In some embodiments, the computed PQM value for each service class quantifies the QoS provided to packets processed through the service class. In some embodiments, the first forwarding node adjusts the first and second PQM values as it processes more packets associated with the first and second service classes. The first forwarding node also periodically forwards to the second forwarding node the first and second PQM values that it maintains for the first and second service classes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for low latency transmissions. A higher layer configuration can be received at a device. The higher layer configuration can be higher than a physical layer configuration. The higher layer configuration can indicate configuring the device with a low latency configuration for a low latency transmission mode in addition to a regular latency configuration for a regular latency transmission mode. The low latency transmission mode can have a shorter latency than the regular latency transmission mode. A packet can be received based on one of the low latency configuration and the regular latency transmission mode in a subframe n. A feedback packet can be transmitted in a following subframe n+p, where p<4 when the received packet is based on the low latency configuration. The following subframe n+p can be the pth subframe from the subframe n.