Abstract: A text messaging system conveys text messages between a sender and a recipient in a wireless carrier network. A sender mobile handset includes manual input for identifying text characters in a message to be sent to the recipient and an audio-band encoder coupled to the manual input for representing the text characters with a keyed modulation stream. The keyed modulation stream is transmitted over a non-signaling channel of the wireless carrier network to a base station. At least one mobile switching center in the wireless carrier network transports the message between the sender mobile handset and the recipient mobile handset. A demodulator operating on behalf of the recipient converts the keyed modulation stream to decoded text. A recipient mobile handset including a display interface and a display receives the decoded text and displays the text characters of the message to the recipient.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and an encoder are provided. The method for VAD includes: acquiring a fluctuant feature value of a background noise when an input signal is the background noise, in which the fluctuant feature value is used to represent fluctuation of the background noise; performing adaptive adjustment on a VAD decision criterion related parameter according to the fluctuant feature value; and performing VAD decision on the input signal by using the decision criterion related parameter on which the adaptive adjustment is performed. The method, the apparatus, and the encoder can be adaptive to fluctuation of the background noise to perform VAD decision, so as to enhance the VAD decision performance, save limited channel bandwidth resources, and use the channel bandwidth efficiently.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium, device and system for responding to a request for a geographically-based service are provided. A request for a geographically-based service is received. The received request indicates that a geographical position of a target node and a radius associated with a maximum distance from the geographical position is requested. A requesting service message is formatted that is associated with a higher-layer protocol and includes an indicator indicating that the geographical position of the target node and the radius is requested. The requesting service message is merged in a first header of a requesting datagram which is sent to the target node. A reply datagram is received from the target node and a reply position message component is extracted from the received reply datagram. A reply position message component is extracted from a second header of the received reply datagram.

Abstract: A system for managing of mobile phones at a roaming network, each mobile handset having a first handset number from its home network. The roaming network assigns a second number to a detected roamer, which number is local to the roaming network. The second number is not known directly to the handset, which continues to identify itself using the first number. The handling unit acts as a local home location register for handling local management of the roaming handset using both the second number and the first number, thus allowing the handset to identify itself using the first number but be called using the second number at local call rates.

Abstract: A system for automatically creating a preferred wireless connection medium order in a wireless communication device (WCD) for connecting to a network. A server on the network detects when a new device has entered a designated space, identifies the device, determines its capabilities and creates a wireless connection medium order for the device. The preferred connection medium order may be determined in view of a device profile corresponding to the WCD. The server may then set the preferred medium order in the WCD. The server may also control further information synchronization once the WCD is connected to the network.

Abstract: An exemplary gateway apparatus provides push-to-talk (PTT) communications between users in one network with users in another network where the networks utilize different communication protocols. It includes two protocol modules that interface with the two networks, respectively. The protocol modules are capable of receiving and transmitting messages compatible with the communication protocols used by the associated networks. An interoperability module, connected between the two modules, converts PTT control messages received from one of the networks into PTT control messages compatible with and transmitted to the other network. The PTT control messages received from the one network have a protocol that differs from the protocol of the PTT control messages transmitted to the other network.

Abstract: A communication device for supporting wireless communication between a host system and a target system and methods for manufacturing and using same. In one preferred embodiment, the communication device can include a host adapter and a wireless transceiver. When coupled with a communication port of the host system, the host adapter exchanges data signals over a virtual communication port of the host system and supports conversion between the data signals and serial data signals. The wireless transceiver converts the serial data signals received from the host adapter into outgoing wireless signals for broadcast to the target system and incoming wireless signals received from the target system into the serial data signals for transmission to the host adapter. Thereby, the host adapter, when coupled with the host system, operates as a hardware firewall, rendering the wireless transceiver invisible to the host system's operating system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transitioning between radio link protocols in a packet-based real-time media communication system. A wireless communication device such as a cell phone will operate under one radio link protocol (such as IS-856, also known as 1xEV-DO) to engage in packet-based signaling for setup of a packet-based real-time media session such as a push-to-talk session. Once the session is set up, the wireless communication device will then automatically transition to operate under a different radio link protocol (such as IS-2000, also known as 1xRTT), and will engage in packet-based real-time media communication in the session over that different radio link protocol. Preferably, the radio link protocol used for session setup signaling will provide for reduced setup latency, while the radio link protocol used for bearer communication in the session will provide for reduced jitter and improved real-time media communication.

Abstract: The objective of the invention is to provide a mobile communication control method and mobile communication system in which mobile IPv6 and SIP are integrated by a core network of 3GPP2. In the mobile communication system, the mobile node MN executes a registration procedure for a Care-of-Address acquired in a visited network by the communication between the mobile node and a home agent server HA, executes a registration procedure for the Care-of-Address by the communication between the mobile node and an SIP server, and executes a communication procedure for session establishment by the communication between the mobile node MN and a correspondent node not through the home agent server but through the SIP server.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices for automatically coupling two or more mobile communication devices (502, 541) to share content such as calls, music, documents, video and games where two or more devices automatically determine the feasibility of sharing the content and negotiate to find an efficient manner in which to do so. In this way, the pairing between devices may be transparent to the users. Moreover, a better choice in a transport may be selected without user input. Each device may include a near field communication (NFC) device that when in range of the other device may automatically initiate pairing between the devices so that the devices may share content. The users of NFC enabled devices may have little or minimal interactions except that one or more users may bring the devices within range so that the NFCs may initiate the pairing between the devices.

Abstract: A method and computer-readable medium for controlling roaming restrictions for dispatch calling of a mobile station in a network are provided. A home location register receives a dispatch application processor identifier and a mobile station identifier. The domain in which the dispatch application processor is located may be determined by the home location register, based upon the dispatch application processor identifier. A determination can be made whether the mobile station is authorized to operate in the domain, based upon the mobile station identifier. If the mobile station is not authorized to operate in the domain, the mobile station is prevented from operating in the domain. On the other hand, if the mobile station is authorized to operate in the domain, the operation of the mobile station may be allowed, but restricted to certain predetermined calling features.

Abstract: A method and system for providing improved wireless number portability. This invention allows the mobile switching center (MSC) to use a separate database to store the number portability information gathered earlier through sending NPreq messages to the number portability database (NPDB) and various strategies for refreshing or updating the internal database. The invention enables the MSC to use the separate database to check whether a portable number is ported and what the associated location routing number (LRN) if it is ported, so that the MSC does not need to send NPreq messages to the NPDB many times for the same ported number. This invention may apply to any number of switching systems, including CDMA, GSM and UMTS mobile switching systems.

Abstract: Systems and methods subscriber profile management to facilitate seamless roaming of mobile devices from one network to another. A subscriber profile management system is provided that includes a time to live (“TTL”) generator that generates a TTL limit for a subscriber based on usage characteristics of the subscriber. The subscriber profile management system further includes an administration module that administers TTL limits, TTL limit database that store TTL limits, a subscriber profile database that stores subscriber profiles, a usage measurement database that stores usage measurements, and a TTL limit reference module that administers TTLs when a subscriber profile and TTL limit are transmitted. The invention further includes a series of methods that support seamless roaming capabilities of a subscriber throughout visited networks without the need to continually make proxy calls to re-authenticate a subscriber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method in which data messages, which otherwise would be displayed on the screen of a mobile device are delivered in audible format. The message itself, in one embodiment does not contain the audible message, but rather the message triggers the retrieval of an audible message (or if the user chooses, he/she can be prompted to view additional information in a text or video format on the phone). The audible, message that is ultimately delivered can be prestored in the mobile device; can be created based upon data sent to the device; can be retrieved from an external source, such as from a web server accessed by the mobile device in accordance with data contained in the message received by the mobile device; or it can be sent by the sender as a “whisper” message.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for dynamic selection by a mobile station of its home agent using its preferred roaming list (PRL). A mobile station maintains a PRL comprising an association between (i) a first set of data identifying a first wireless wide area network (WWAN) and (ii) a first identifier of a first home agent. The mobile station detects a broadcast of the first set of data by the first WWAN. Responsive to detecting the broadcast of the first set of data by the first WWAN, the mobile station connects to the first WWAN. Responsive to connecting to the first WWAN, the mobile station uses the first identifier to register with the first home agent.

Abstract: A correlative reacting system and a method for implementing security update of mobile station. The correlative reacting system includes a security correlative agent at a terminal side and a security correlative server at a network side communicated with the security correlative agent via an air interface. In the present invention, the correlative reacting system performs an information interaction with the mobile station, controls the mobile station to carry out an automatic security update. The automatic security update includes automatic downloading and installation, update of the security correlative agent, and automatic recovery of the insecurity factors of the mobile station and the like.

Abstract: A terminal and method and system for processing SUPL are discussed. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of processing a SUPL request for a terminal that has performed roaming, the method comprising: receiving a SUPL INIT message from a home SLP entity, the SUPL INIT message including an indicator that indicates whether a home SLP entity uses a proxy mode or a non-proxy mode; checking the indicator to determine whether the home SLP operates in the proxy mode or the non-proxy mode; and selectively performing authentication with the home SLP entity based on the checking result indicating whether the home SLP entity operates in the proxy mode or the non-proxy mode.

Abstract: A mobile node using Mobile IP is served by a network access server (NAS), wherein the NAS has allocated a care-of address for the mobile node and a home agent has a mobility binding that associates the care-of address with the mobile node's home address. When the mobile node's care-of address is no longer valid, an intermediary server receives a notification messages from a first network element (e.g., the NAS or home agent) and sends a resource management message to a second network element (e.g., the home agent or NAS). In response to the resource management message, the second network element clears at least one resource associated with the mobile node. For example, the NAS may de-allocate the care-of address and the home agent may clear the mobility binding.

Abstract: A mobile device for roaming between wireless communications networks in different geographical regions is provided. The mobile device includes an interface configured to transmit and receive signals over a wireless channel according to a communication mode using one of a plurality of access technologies. The device also includes a store holding a preferred roaming list having a common block holding data common to the plurality of access technologies, and a set of access technology-specific blocks each holding channel acquisition data specific to one of the plurality of access technologies for setting up the communication mode.

Abstract: Cellular receivers, in the form of portable radiotelephones are commonplace, and their design and operation is well understood. Such portable radiotelephones can be used for making and receiving telephone calls, sending and receiving messages, and even browsing world-wide computer network such as the Internet. Many standards exist for portable radiotelephones, including global system for mobile communications (GSM), general radio packet service (GPRS). Receivers capable of receiving digital television signals; such as signals according to the terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T) standard are also commonplace. The present invention provides a method and apparatus for receiving and transmitting signals via multiple communication channels.

Abstract: A system and electronic device supporting wireless deployment of communication services to a plurality of electronic devices.

Abstract: An intermediary system that seamlessly evolves the 2G/2.5G storage mediums to the 3G entities (e.g., a logical HSS) and provides subscriber data to 3G services such as IMS, from legacy data sources. An Intermediary Query Manager (IQM) is provided that functions as intermediary/broker system, and supports defined standard 3GPP interfaces specific to the IMS system (utilizing the existing storage medium servicing the PS domain) and also allows the continued support of the 2G/2.5G interfaces to 2G HLRs (servicing the CS domain). The IQM provides the capability to leverage usage of the current subscriber databases without requiring extraordinary efforts to migrate subscriber information to a new dedicated HSS element. The IQM provides data from multiple sources and processes requests necessary to fulfill these requests. The IQM can look like a MSC (Mobile Switching Center), VLR (Visitor Location Register), and/or SCP (Service Control Point) to the HLRs depending on the type of queries.

Abstract: Methods and systems for IMEI registration are provided. In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, when an IMEI registration fails due to a network failure, the mobile station implements a back-off algorithm for future IMEI registration attempts. Specifically, the present invention provides a back-off algorithm which determines a different amount of time for the time period between each unsuccessful IMEI registration.

Abstract: A wireless network communications system comprises an electronic device having a generic wireless card disposed therein, the electronic device configured to receive at least one of a plurality of different types of identity modules therein, the generic wireless card automatically configured to communicate using one of a plurality of network service providers based on a particular identity module loaded into the electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mobile communication system including an IP (Internet Protocol) core network, a mobile communication network, a switching center server and a mobile terminal, wherein a plurality of services in each of the IP network and the mobile communication network are provided for the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A terminal and method and system for processing SUPL are discussed. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of processing a SUPL request for a terminal that has performed roaming, the method comprising: receiving a SUPL INIT message from a home SLP entity, the SUPL INIT message including an indicator that indicates whether a home SLP entity uses a proxy mode or a non-proxy mode; checking the indicator to determine whether a first message or a second message should be transmitted to the home SLP entity; and transmitting the first message or the second message to the home SLP entity according to a result of the checking step.

Abstract: A device, method, and system for routing communications to an output of a communications device, such as a mobile telephone, based on the format of an incoming communication and an output mode of the communications device is disclosed. An incoming speech communication can be delivered to a speaker output or forwarded to a format converter to create a text communication that can be delivered to a display output. An incoming text communication can be delivered to a display output or forwarded to a format converter to create a speech communication for delivery to a speaker output. The output mode of the communication device can be set according to device settings, application settings, or location of the device, or a combination thereof. The invention provides new delivery options for communications which can be more appropriate for a location or current use of the communication device than those previously available.

Abstract: A system for selectively providing an updated PRL to a remote wireless device reduces airtime requirements by determining the PRL to be loaded based on a collection of information relating to the wireless device. Depending upon the nature, connectivity and location of the device, the system loads a partial or full PRL, and may in certain circumstances decline to load any PRL, instead flagging the existing PRL as out-of-date.

Abstract: A method of packet switched handover in a mobile communication system comprising a terminal, a source node and a destination node comprises negotiating protocol parameters for the destination node on behalf of a new network entity, by communicating with an old network entity whilst the terminal is still connected to the source node; and completing the packet switched handover, such that service interruption on handover is reduced.

Abstract: A telecommunications subscriber profile management method for a telecommunications subscriber profile management system including a customer service representative (“CSR”) terminal. The terminal presents subscriber profile data in a common user interface format. The terminal receives input in a common format, the input representing commands for management of said subscriber profile data. The system includes at least two disparate network elements, each element having a common function. Each of the elements for stores respective portions of subscriber profile data, in disparate formats.

Abstract: A dual-mode mobile terminal, which can access synchronous and asynchronous mobile communication systems, includes a key input panel and a controller. The key input panel includes a call switching key for switching between calls from the two systems and a call end key for ending calls from the two systems. While the terminal performs communication of one call received from one of the two systems in a general communication mode over a communication channel currently established by the one system, the controller determines whether an incoming call is received from the other system. If the incoming call is received, the controller notifies the user of receipt of the incoming call. If the call switching key is pressed, the controller prepares a communication environment for communication of the incoming call, allowing the user to perform the communication of the incoming call while maintaining the currently established communication channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a message in a mobile, telecommunications device. The method comprises: receiving a Cell Update Confirm (CUC) message; determining whether the device has an empty C_RNTI variable; when the device has an empty C_RNTI variable, determining whether the CUC message includes a new C_RNTI; when the CUC message includes a new C_RNTI and the CUC message would cause the device to enter a state which requires the UE to respond to the message before entering the state, carrying out at least one further step prior to entering the state.

Abstract: A system and method for communicating between a plurality of remote transceivers and a network is discussed including multiple types of serially-connected communication links, upon which data flows are established to communicate information between the remote transceivers and network. A hub is coupled to one end of a hardwired communication link while an access unit is coupled to the other end. In addition to supporting communications on the hardwired link, the hub supports communication with the plurality of remote transceivers over a wireless link of a first type. The access unit at the other end of the hardwired link is in further communication with a base station over a wireless communication link of a second type, while the base station is in further communication with the network. Based on this topology, data flows over this string of interconnected communication media support information transfers between the plurality of remote transceivers and the network.

Abstract: In a communications network, a network access point address is determined that is currently associated with at least one of a plurality of subscriber mobile devices associated with a subscription to an information service. Content associated with the information service is formatted to provide subscriber content that is configured to be used by the plurality of subscriber mobile devices, but is configured to prevent at least some use thereof by devices that are not associated with the subscription to the information service. The subscriber content is broadcast from a transmitter at the determined network access point address to the at least one subscriber mobile device over a wireless network.

Abstract: An I-CSCF and an S-CSCF are included in a single call controlling apparatus. A message from a terminal directed to one of a plurality of degenerate-call controlling apparatuses. The I-CSCF in that apparatus receives the message and forwards the message to an S-CSCF that serves as the storing destination, which is specified for each subscriber in advance. The I-CSCF is configured to receive a message that has been forwarded from the same call controlling apparatus or another call controlling apparatus and to control sessions of the terminal based on the received messages.

Abstract: A reception quality notifying method improves upstream-line throughput by reducing the data amount of reception quality data of downstream multicarrier signals to be transmitted in the upstream line. A low-power consumption base station apparatus and a wireless communication terminal apparatus may employ the reception quality notifying method. When a wireless communication terminal apparatus receives a downstream multicarrier signal and then notifies a base station apparatus of a subcarrier having a desirable reception quality for the downstream multicarrier signal, the wireless communication terminal apparatus produces reception quality data of a plurality of formats, then selects, from among the produced reception quality data, one having the lowest data mount. The selected reception quality data is transmitted to the base station apparatus by use of an upstream multicarrier signal subcarrier designated by the base station apparatus.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for encapsulating upper layers of CDMA signaling messages between a multi-mode device and a signaling gateway. In an exemplary embodiment, a multi-mode device has a CDMA mode and a Wi-Fi mode. In Wi-Fi mode, the device generates an upper-layer portion of a CDMA signaling message. The device then encapsulates the first upper-layer portion in at least one packet-switched-protocol, such as SIP. The device then transmits the encapsulated upper-layer portion of the CDMA signaling message via a Wi-Fi network and a packet-switched network to a signaling gateway, which then translates the upper-layer portion into an SS7 message, and transmits the SS7 message over an SS7 network.

Abstract: A method for communication in an environment including a circuit-switched network and a packet-switched network, both of which include a respective connectivity layer including one or more switching elements and a respective service layer including one or more service platforms. A request is accepted to set up a call for a communication terminal associated with one or more of the networks. The call is established responsively to the request via one or more of the switching elements. At least one service platform in the service layer of the circuit-switched network is invoked to provide a first ancillary call service to the call, and at least one second service platform in the service layer of the packet-switched network is invoked to provide a second ancillary call service to the call.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a mobile universal communication gateway are provided. The mobile universal communication gateway can bridge a mobile station located in a personal area network with one or more wide area networks. The mobile universal communication gateway can select one or more backhaul communication links to the one or more wide area networks based on a variety of factors such as available bandwidth, access cost, traffic loads and the like. The mobile universal communication gateway can also include a non-volatile storage area to store information for mobile stations of the personal area network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining whether attach procedures between a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a network should proceed based on whether the internet protocol (IP) version, (i.e., packet data protocol (PDP) type), of the WTRU is compatible with the network. In one embodiment, the WTRU receives a network compatibility message from the network which indicates the network's IP version. If the network's IP version is determined by the WTRU to be compatible, the WTRU and the network proceed with the attach procedures. In another embodiment, the network receives an attach request message from the WTRU which indicates the IP version of the WTRU. If the IP version of the WTRU is determined by the network to be compatible, the network and the WTRU proceed with the attach procedures. For both embodiments, another network is selected if the IP versions of the WTRU and the network are not compatible.

Abstract: A computing device embodiment includes a processor, memory coupled to the processor, and computer executable instructions executable by the processor. Computer executable instructions are provided to the memory and executable by the processor to access a first provider's communications computing device, having a user's information thereon, through a data lookup utility used by the first carrier. The computer executable instructions can also retrieve the user's information from the first provider's communications computing device and transfer the retrieved information to a second provider's communications computing device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing proxy registration on behalf of a node with a Home Agent supporting Mobile IP are disclosed. A first registration request is composed on behalf of the node and transmitted to the Home Agent via a first Local Mobility Anchor, wherein the first Local Mobility Anchor is a regional controller via which registration is performed when the node moves within a region associated with the first Local Mobility Anchor. When the node moves within a region or between regions, the node is re-registered. Specifically, a second registration request is composed and transmitted to the first Local Mobility Anchor when the node moves within the region associated with the first Local Mobility Anchor.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to allow global roaming between different devices in different networks, using different protocols. A system may contain one or more protocol dependent logic servers (PDLSs), in which each PDLS is associated with a particular network/network protocol. The networks may comprise one or more wired telecommunications networks, wireless communications networks, or Internet-based networks. When a first PDLS receives an incoming, protocol-dependent message comprising a first protocol from a first network intended for a user currently registered on another network, the first PDLS converts the protocol-dependent message into an incoming, protocol-independent message and forwards it to another network element, such as a core logic server (CLS). The CLS processes the incoming, protocol-independent message, generates an appropriate outgoing protocol-independent message and forwards this message to a second PDLS.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for updating in at least a first mobile communication apparatus (48) of a network, in particular of the GSM type, a personal data file concerning at least a correspondent of the user of the first communication apparatus, said correspondent being equipped with a second mobile communication apparatus (60) and having modified at least one personal information concerning him. The invention is characterized in that it comprises the following main steps which consist in: (a) detecting in said second mobile communication apparatus (60) the call number of said first mobile communication apparatus (48), and (b) transmitting to at least said first mobile communication apparatus (48) said modified personal information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mapping a newly assigned Universal Fleet Member Identifier (UFMI) to a previously assigned UFMI is disclosed. In an embodiment, an Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) routing request message is received from a dispatch application processor (DAP) associated with a calling party at a serving home location register (HLR) of a called party. The routing request message includes a previously assigned UFMI of the called party. A newly assigned UFMI of the called party is obtained by the HLR by consulting a subscriber table stored in the HLR. An iDEN routing response message is transmitted to the DAP by the HLR, where the routing response message includes the newly assigned UFMI associated with the called party.

Abstract: A wireless communication system facilitates communication with subscribing units within a respective service area that supports at least one communication protocol revision. The system communicates with a subscribing unit operating within a respective service area to determine the communication protocol revisions supported by the subscribing unit. Subsequently, the subscribing unit and base station communicate according to a supported communication protocol revision. The base station and subscribing unit further communicate to indicate extended services supported by the subscribing unit and the methods of delivering the extended services to the subscribing unit. The extended services include caller line ID, message waiting indications and short message services among other extended services. In addition to a base station, the wireless communication system may include a mobile switching center that is in communication with the base station.

Abstract: A new master application definition is installed at a server. Responsively, the server determines the identity of a user associated with the server-side application related to the master application definition. The server may then generate an application definition file specific to the application and to the remote wireless device associated with the identified user. The application definition file may contain definitions for: a user interface format; a format for network messages; and a format for storing data. Using these definitions, the wireless device may receive data generated by the server-side application and formatted in accordance with the definitions. The wireless device may then present a user interface for the application. Preferably, the application definition file is an XML file. Advantageously, when changes occur to previously established server-side applications, automatic updating of devices is efficiently accomplished.

Abstract: A communication system comprising: at least one first communication device configured to communicate in half duplex mode using a first encoding-decoding format; at least one second communication device configured to communicate in half duplex mode using a second encoding-decoding format; a third communication device configured to communicate in half duplex mode using the first format; a fourth communication device configured to communicate in half duplex mode using the second format; wherein the third and fourth communication devices are configured to communicate with each other in half duplex mode using a third encoding decoding format.

Abstract: A database correlating a specific set of linecard criteria, out of a plurality of sets of linecard criteria, to a template code is loaded into a linecard during manufacturing. A template code based on country-specific criteria is sent to the linecard at startup, whenever otherwise desired. The template code may also be periodically refreshed from a central authority that recognizes the address of a particular linecard.

Abstract: Provided are a forward link rain attenuation compensating apparatus using an adaptive transmission scheme in an interactive satellite communication system and a method thereof. The apparatus separates the mobile stations into clear-sky mobile stations and mobile stations in the state of rain attenuation and makes the clear-sky mobile stations receive data having a high data transmission efficiency at a high-speed while making the rain attenuation mobile stations receive the data continuously although the data transmit rate is low by making each of the two kinds of mobile stations receive data frames of a different transmission method, and provides a method therefor. The apparatus includes: a resource manager, a transmitting data format converter, a forward modulator, a backward demodulator, a receiving data format converter.