Abstract: A power control system for controlling the transmission power of a Base Station (BS) transmitter in a wireless radio network is provided. The BS transmitter transmits a signal to a Mobile Station (MS) in the wireless radio network, wherein the signal is divided into frames, each frame being further divided into Link Transmission Units (LTUs). In an exemplary embodiment the wireless radio network may be a CDMA cellular communication system. The power control systems measures the Frame Error Rate (FER) and the Eb/Nt (energy per bit to total noise density) of the signal received by the MS. In addition, the power control system measures the number of LTU errors in a frame of the signal received by the MS. The power control system then transmits a power control command from the MS to the BS transmitter based on the measured FER, number of LTU errors and Eb/Nt, instructing the BS transmitter to either increase or decrease its transmission power by a certain amount.

Abstract: Communication systems and methods are provided for selecting a channel for transmission of a facsimile utilizing a wireless communication network which has two different channel types available for wireless communications. In particular, systems and methods are provided which preferentially request one of the service types for a transmission of a facsimile but further provides for use of the alternate service type under conditions where a suitable channel is not available for the preferred facsimile support channel. More particularly, in one embodiment, when digital transmission services are not available, but analog services are available, facsimile transmission is provided over the analog channel rather than denying access to the wireless communication network for transmission of the facsimile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for locating a mobile station (5) my means of radio signals between the mobile station (5) and the mobile station network (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a) by forming separate location channels in addition to the communication channels. The location channels are, among others, the location access channel and the location receipt channel. The access channel is used to send a burst, which includes the identification of the mobile station (5), such as the International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI). The location channels can be used in the locating methods based on the angle of arrival, time difference and transition time of the radio transmission, for example.

Abstract: A method for assembling a microsystem neighbor list that defines control channel usage within a common operational band used by the microsystem, the overlying macrosystem and any computer microsystems. Such a method can be implemented by a frequency planning controller within the microsystem, the microsystem itself or, in the case of the computer-controlled microsystem, in a computer program product defining such method. Assembly of the microsystem neighbor list includes defining preferred and non-preferred members, wherein the preferred members of the macrosystem neighbor list include at least one control channel identified within the common operational band which determined to be available for use by the microsystem. The non-preferred members of the microsystem neighbor list will include control channels being used by adjacent macrocells of the overlying microsystem, or any competing microsystems.

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes a plurality of base stations that communicate control information with terminals at a first redundancy level over regular control channels. A subset of the plurality of base stations also communicate control information with terminals at a second redundancy level greater than the first redundancy level over high-penetration control channels. The subset of base stations may be distributed to efficiently provide service without using an inordinate amount of channel capacity. In one embodiment, cells served by the plurality of base stations may be grouped into a plurality of groups, e.g., frequency or code reuse groups, such that a respective group of base stations serves a respective group of cells. The subset of base stations may include at least one base station from each group of base stations. The subset of base stations may be geographically distributed with a greater density than the groups of cells to provide improved service to obstructed locations.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for controlling data transfer using a short data burst mechanism between a mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS). After identifying that a short data burst mechanism is desired to be used for transmitting data between the MS and the BS, the data is transmitted over a common channel used for communication between the MS and the BS without having to establish a communication link between the MS and the BS over a traffic channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides flexible radio access and resource allocation in a Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS). A UMTS Terrestrial access network (UTRAN) in response to a radio access bearer service request, flexibly and efficiently allocates resources necessary to support a communication with a mobile radio. The UTRAN includes plural base stations for communicating with mobile radios over a radio/air interface using radio channel resources allocated by a radio network controller connected to the base stations. External network service nodes interfacing with external networks communicate with the UTRAN over a radio access network interface. The UTRAN provides a radio access bearer service to the external network service nodes, and radio access bearers are dynamically assigned to radio channel resources by the UTRAN.

Abstract: A more robust error correction capability is provided for the control data passed between a remote handset and its base unit in a DECT digital cordless telephone. According to the DECT standard as implemented in digital cordless telephones, one communication channel is used for control data and another is used for the voice data. While the DECT standard allows proprietary formats to be transmitted in the voice data channel, it fixes the information transmitted in the control data to ensure interoperability. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the data rate of the voice data is reduced from a conventional 32 kb/s to provide bandwidth for error protection information. The error protection information may include, e.g., a redundant copy of the control data to provide the basis for a diversity scheme to improve the reliability of the control data transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the error protection information may include error correction information, e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for increasing data transmission efficiency in an international mobile telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) base station controller includes a) user message determining unit for receiving a user message from an exterior; determining whether the user message is control data or traffic data; and transmitting the control data or the traffic data; b) channel interface unit for receiving the control data or the traffic data from the user message determining unit and transmitting the control data or the traffic data; c) traffic data controlling unit for receiving the traffic data and information about quantity of data and transmitting the traffic data; d) storage unit for storing the control data or the traffic data; and e)storage managing unit for measuring quantity of data stored in the storage means and transmitting measured quantity information.

Abstract: A radio communication system, in which the number of radio channels using between a base station and a mobile station is increased or decreased and non-voice data are transmitted and received efficiently, is provided. The radio communication system provides a controller for controlling the number of the radio channels. The controller provides a measuring means for measuring the amount of data storing in buffer storage in the base station or in buffer storage in the mobile station, and a comparing means for comparing the data measured at the measuring means with a first threshold value and a second threshold value.

Abstract: User equipment is disclosed which is responsive to instructions from an existing base station, to begin transmissions to a second base station specified in the instructions, without waiting for receipt of down link communications from the second base station.

Abstract: Methods of reconfiguring a cell regarding the number of signaling channels in relation to the number of traffic channels. Each signaling channel (SDCCH/8) contains a number of dedicated control channels (SDCCH), wherein a number of dedicated control channels are included in a basic configuration of control channels. If the channel utilization indicates that a basic configuration of control channels is congested for more than a certain percentage of time, a dedicated control channel is added to the basic configuration. If it is determined that the basic configuration, less one control channel, is congested less than a certain percentage of time then a control channel is removed from the basic configuration.

Abstract: A conversation channel allocation method is provided for a mobile communication system of MCA method to perform allocation of conversation channels between base stations and mobile stations. At a congestion state where all of the conversation channels are used for conversations respectively, when a new conversation request is given from a mobile station, a control channel, which is originally used for transmission of a control signal, is allocated to such a mobile station as a new conversation channel. Thus, the mobile station is capable of performing radio communication with the base station by using the control channel, so that a calling party is capable of performing conversation with a called party without interruption. When the conversation completes, the control channel is restored by canceling its function as the new conversation channel.

Abstract: A system for radio communication with mobile stations, the system being of the type enabling one or more network operators to manage respective distinct networks. Each network is constituted by geographical cells and has mobile stations travelling therethrough. Each cell of a given network is associated with a base station through which those mobile stations that are located in the cell and that are subscribers with the operator managing the given network can communicate. In its own network, each operator transmits a pilot data channel supplying each mobile station with pilot data enabling it specifically to log-on to the network. According to the invention, the system further comprises a super-network made up of geographical super-cells each associated with a super-basestation. Each super-basestation transmits a data signal carrying the pilot data channel of the, or each, operator.

Abstract: A controller (112) performs at least one of (a) alternating (700) first and second SCI frames in a subzone, and (b) identifying (800) private data channels. In alternating the first and second SCI frames, the controller transmits (704), in the first SCI frame, on a plurality of frequencies, a first predetermined number of control channel identifiers and corresponding frequency identifiers; and sends (706), in the second SCI frame, on the plurality of frequencies, a second predetermined number of control channel identifiers and corresponding frequency identifiers, the first and second predetermined numbers different from one another. In identifying private data channels, the controller conveys (804), in the subzone in an SCI frame on ones of a plurality of control channels, a channel identifier and frequency of at least one data-only channel corresponding to the ones of the plurality of control channels. At least some data-only channels corresponding to different control channels occupy different frequencies.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of initiating a reconfiguration of a cell regarding the number of signalling channels in relation to the number of traffic channels. Each signalling channel (SDCCH/8) contains a number of dedicated control channels (SDCCH). The invention can be divided into two parts, an increase condition in which a traffic channel (TCH) is converted to a signalling channel (SDCCH/8) and a decrease condition in which a signalling channel is reconverted to a traffic channel. These two conditions can be performed independently of each other. In the increase condition, the conversion to a signalling channel is done based on three conditions (1,2,3; FIG. 3) depending on the number of idle dedicated channels (SDCCH) and the number of traffic channels (TCH). In the decrease condition, the conversion (FIG. 4; FIG. 5) is based on the number of signalling channels (SDCCH/8) and the dedicated control channels (SDCCH) in the cell.

Abstract: A wireless cellular communicator system and apparatus for telemetry tracking, surveillance, data transmission, identification, and remote monitoring includes a communicator for data encoding and communication which transmits mobile identification numbers and electronic serial numbers through an existing cellular telephone network. The data is manipulated and encrypted to place any meaning upon it depending upon the type of input apparatus which is utilized. The data is then decoded with a decoder and a comparative data base for monitoring, identification, surveillance, and data transmission.

Abstract: A mobile repeater (300) is improved to include a database (303) that allows the mobile repeater to store registrations received from subscriber units. Additionally, the mobile repeater may include a voice on control switching element (309) for use with an extended control channel. Further still, the mobile repeater may include encryption elements (305-308) for the maintenance of encrypted control channels. In this manner, the mobile repeater may provide an improved quality of services to subscriber units.

Abstract: A digital cordless telecommunications unit that serves for communications when paired with a similar unit and connected with a network is disclosed. The unit receives analog receive voice signals and transmits analog transmit voice signals. In addition, the unit transmits digital baseband transmit signals and receives digital formatted baseband receive signals. The unit includes a baseband chip, as well as an audio functions circuit and a system control functions circuit. The audio functions circuit comprises an audio front end for receiving the analog receive voice signals and transmitting the analog transmit voice signals, and an adaptive differential pulse code modulator codec, connected to the audio front end, for converting the analog receive voice signals to the digital transmit signals and converting the digital formatted baseband receive signals to the analog transmit voice signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reuse of a control channel in a distributed cellular radio communication system. At least one physical channel, the so called physical control channel, in the radio communication system is used for transferring logical control channels. According to the present invention the physical uplink control channel can be reused with respect to logical control channels comprising an access request. The physical downlink control channel can be reused with respect to logical control channels comprising a message that access is granted to a mobile station or a message that someone requests contact with a mobile station. According to the invention the physical uplink control channel and/or the physical downlink control channel is reused. This means that more connections per time unit may be established in the radio communication system.

Abstract: A cellular signaling system and method uses modified RCC signals or spread spectrum signals in an existing cellular telephone system for signaling a situation, such as an emergency or other cellular telephone communication, or for tracking, e.g. shipments or packages. The signaling system includes one or more modified signal transmitting devices, such as beacons, that transmit modified RCC signals that comply with the frequency spectrum requirements of standard RCC signals used in cellular telephone systems, but cannot be recognized by the existing cellular telephone system, or transmit a spread spectrum signal spread across a number of existing cellular channels. The signaling system further includes a modified signal receiver located at one or more cell sites in the existing cellular telephone system. When the existing cellular receiving device at a cell site does not recognize or understand the modified RCC signal, the modified signal receiver will decode the modified RCC signal.

Abstract: An interoffice hand-off processing system and an interoffice hand-off method which ensure the maintenance of a call of a mobile unit making interoffice movement even while an interoffice Map link is congested. When requested to execute an interoffice hand-off, unused channel selecting means of the interoffice hand-off processing system refers to an interoffice control signal link management table to search for an unused channel. If the interoffice control signal link is congested and no unused channel is found, reference is made to an interoffice speech link management table to select an unused channel. Using the channel thus selected, interoffice hand-off executing means executes the interoffice hand-off.

Abstract: A system and method for directing mobile stations from an analog control channel (ACCH) to a digital control channel (DCCH). According to the present invention, a dual-mode mobile station transmits over the ACCH a system access message (e.g., registration access message) to the system. The system recognizes the access to be from a dual-mode mobile station and selects a DCCH based on the subscriber profile and current location of the mobile station. The system then sends over the ACCH a mobile station control message (e.g., registration confirmation message) including data identifying the selected DCCH to the mobile station.

Abstract: Responsive to a received call request, a resource controller (105) assigns a first control channel to the call request (302). When there are no traffic channels available and there is at least one pending call request (303-304), it is determined whether there is a second control channel, combinable with the first control channel, available from a group of un-assigned control channels (305). Alternatively, it is determined whether the second control channel is available from a group of assigned control channels (308). The second control channel, when available, is assigned along with the first control channel as an additional traffic to one of the pending call requests (307).

Abstract: Methods and systems for allocating control channels in a radiocommunication system are disclosed. Control channels are associated with dedicated traffic channels. The allocation history of dedicated traffic channels can be monitored to determine which dedicated traffic channels are allocated most frequently to a base station. A control channel can then be allocated to the base station based on the allocation history of the associated dedicated traffic channels.

Abstract: A method and system that enables a portable station within the personal handy phone system (PHS) to utilize the preamble field of the communication interface to contain extended common access channel field information while optimizing power consumption. The present invention can operate within a cell station of the PHS. The present invention empowers a portable station to identify the type of data contained within the preamble field. A predetermined number of data bits are extracted from the beginning of the preamble field of an incoming data frame received by a portable station. The present invention determines if the extracted data bits are identical to a predetermined data bit pattern. If the extracted data bits are identical to the data bit pattern, the portable station is directed to treat the data contained within the preamble field as the standardized preamble of the PHS by not storing it within memory and not performing a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on it.

Abstract: A base station for a radio communication system suitable for use if a radio data communication network is configured using a mobile radio terminal has a base station apparatus for a radio communication system which communicates with a mobile radio terminal over a radio line. The base station apparatus for a radio communication system has a voice communication processing system for processing voice signals and a data communication processing system for processing data signals. The data communication processing system has a low-speed modulating/demodulating unit for conducting a modulating/demodulating process on data signals at a processing speed lower than a processing speed of the voice communication processing system, thereby dividing a way of use of a communication channel and a control channel into data communication purpose and voice communication purpose upon data communication so as to increase an efficiency of utilization of the line.

Abstract: A subscriber (510) to a radio communication system acquires new neighbor cell information after switching to a new server site (530) during lulls in an ongoing communication session. In one embodiment, the new server site (530) broadcasts neighbor cell list information during lulls in the communication activity on the communication channel in an unsolicited manner (710, 720). In an alternative embodiment, the subscriber (510) first transmits a request to the server site for neighbor cell list information during a lull in communication activity (810, 820). The server site (530) responds by transmitting neighbor cell list information during one or more lulls in communication activity on the communication channel (830, 840).

Abstract: An adaptive constant false alarm rate system provides a method and apparatus for reliably detecting burst information by minimizing the effects of noise levels and signal quality on the detection decision. In particular, the adaptive constant false alarm rate system of the present invention acquires an accurate estimate of the noise floor during a time when no signals information is present on the channel. Accordingly, any activity on the channel during this idle time is a relatively accurate indication of the channel's noise activity. This noise floor estimate is incorporated into a constant false alarm detection scheme to thereby minimize the effects of both the noise level and signal quality on the detection scheme.

Abstract: A system and method for directing mobile stations from an analog control channel (ACCH) to a digital control channel (DCCH). According to the present invention, a dual-mode mobile station transmits over the ACCH a system access message (e.g., registration access message) to the system. The system recognizes the access to be from a dual-mode mobile station and selects a DCCH based on the subscriber profile and current location of the mobile station. The system then sends over the ACCH a mobile station control message (e.g., registration confirmation message) including data identifying the selected DCCH to the mobile station.

Abstract: In a combined time-division multiple access and frequency-division multiple access multilayer cellular mobile radio network comprising macrocells and microcells, each macrocell being associated with at least one control frequency and at least one traffic frequency and each microcell being associated with at least one control frequency, a method of optimizing frequency use when adding any microcell base station defining a given microcell that is part of a coverage area of a given macrocell includes the step of allocating to said microcell a control frequency identical to a traffic frequency used in a macrocell immediately adjacent said given macrocell.

Abstract: In a base station controller of a cellular communication system, a center-to-base time-division multiplexed (TDM) signal from a mobile switching center is demultiplexed into multiple downlink TDM signals and forwarded via transmission lines to a cell-site base station and multiple uplink TDM signals from the base station are multiplexed into a base-to-center TDM signal and transmitted to the mobile switching center. One of the downlink TDM signals contains downlink cellular control data and one of the uplink TDM signals contains uplink cellular control data. In the base station, the downlink TDM signals are multiplexed into a base-to-mobile TDM signal for transmission to mobile stations and a mobile-to-base TDM signal is demultiplexed into multiple uplink TDM signals and transmitted to the base station controller.

Abstract: A first mobile station within a particular service area is initially allocated with a full-rate traffic channel. When congestion occurs within the serving base station controller (BSC) and no traffic channel is available for further allocation, the full-rate traffic channel previously allocated to the first mobile station is divided into two half-rate channels. The first mobile station is thereafter re-allocated to one of the two half-rate channels by an intra-cell handover or mode modify procedure. The other half-rate traffic channel then becomes available to effectuate a new call connection with a second mobile station and increases the call capacity associated with the serving BSC.

Abstract: A system for providing interpretive information about objects or exhibits located in a facility employs a plurality of object identification devices, each disposed at an object or exhibit of interest, and each transmitting a signal identifying the object there located, and any number of personal interpretive devices that receive the signal and retrieve information from a storage device about the object identified by the received signal. The retrieved information includes text data, graphic data, and audio data, which is a recording of the text data. The text data is output on a display and the audio data is output by an audio output circuit in synchronism with the text display. The data is stored in a compressed format to increase the overall amount of information available. Information comparing an object with previous objects is retrieved when the object is one of predetermined set of objects, and others in the set having already been viewed.

Abstract: A multi-host subscriber loop (10, 70) includes N central office terminals (22-26, 78) coupled to a local exchange (20, 76), where one of the N central office terminals (22, 110) is directly coupled to all other central office terminals (24-26, 112-114). M remote terminals (40-46, 100-104) are coupled to a plurality of telephone service subscribers. A single network facility (16, 76) is coupled between the M remote terminals and N central office terminals. The single network facility concentrates subscriber traffic, control information and associated signaling onto one message structure (60, 140). Messages in this message structure are transmitted between the remote terminals and central office terminals. The message structure includes a plurality of time slots, a first predetermined number of the time slots being allocated to N control channels, at least one time slot being allocated to associated signaling, and remaining time slots being allocated to subscriber traffic.

Abstract: The present invention describes a system and a method for distributing channel port loading functionality in a radio base station. The radio base station has a plurality of transceivers and at least one frequency agile combiner. The transceivers have a plurality of channel ports each able to transceive either one of at least two channel functions each having corresponding higher or lower loading averages. The method has steps of averaging loading of each channel port over a predetermined period of time, identifying and seizing the channel port having lower average loading, reconfiguring the identified and seized channel port to the channel function having the higher loading average, letting adjust the frequency agile combiner accordingly and transferring the communication having higher loading average on the reconfigured channel port.

Abstract: A method for handoff of an analog connection within a cellular communication system which relies upon mobile station synchronization to a system time is disclosed herein. In order to reduce the acquisition time for a mobile station commencing operation in a digital mode, an estimate of master system time is transferred to the mobile station in analog mode before entering digital mode. The alignment operates within the protocols of existing analog systems, and hence requires only minimal changes in the mobile station. Time alignment may be initiated upon the base station sending to the mobile station a command to continually transmit a periodic signaling tone. The base station compares the phase of the signaling tone from the mobile station to a master system clock and determines an error signal. The base station notifies the mobile station to delay or advance in time the transmitted signaling tones based on the error signal.

Abstract: A communication system includes a central unit (18), a plurality of remote units and a plurality of uplink and downlink communication resources (10, 12) for communication between the central unit (18) and the plurality of remote units. A signaling channel is provided on one of the plurality of downlink communication resources (10) and traffic channels are provided on the plurality of uplink communication resource (12). Signaling information is provided on the downlink signaling channel indicating positively which of one or more of the plurality of uplink communication resources (12) is to be used for temporary transmission of message data by at least one of the plurality of remote units, independent of downlink communication resource (10) allocation.

Abstract: A mobile radio telephone apparatus operating in a plurality of zones, where each user operates said apparatus from a mobile terminal in one of said zones. The apparatus comprises P number of mobile terminals in each zone, Q number of communications connecting devices in each zone, and a management connecting device in each zone for recognizing which zone a mobile terminal is located in. The mobile radio telephone apparatus also comprises a controlling unit for controlling the management connecting device so that it operates as an additional communications connecting device in one zone, if one of the P mobile terminals generates a connecting request in the one zone and all Q of the communications connecting devices are already assigned to the other P mobile terminals.

Abstract: A radio system and a method of transmitting data in a radio system, in which each base station has a radio channel operating as a call channel for signalling between the base station and mobile radio stations. User data can be transmitted on control channels among the actual control signalling, but the data transmission may block the control channel and prevent the normal operation of the control channel. The radio system includes for the user data transmission at least one radio channel operating like a control channel, but transmitting signalling that prevents the mobile stations from selecting the radio channel as a control channel.

Abstract: A method for allocating control channels in a radio system having base stations and subscriber stations communicating with respective ones of the base stations on control and traffic channels. To make the control channel operation more efficient and to avoid interference, traffic channels are allocated for control channel use so as to distribute the control channel operation between a greater number of channels, the channels allocated for control channel use being indicated to the subscriber stations and control channel operation is performed on the control channels allocated in a distributed manner.

Abstract: A two-way paging system (10) includes a plurality of personal paging units (16). The personal paging units (16) receive pages (18), and generate radio signals (28) in response to the pages. The system includes a transmitter (12) for generating the pages, and a receiver (14). The receiver includes first and second receiving circuitry (30) and (34). The first receiving circuitry receives radio signals from the personal paging units. The second receiving circuitry receives radio signals from a source other than the personal paging units. The receiver further includes a data processor (32) electronically linked with the first and second receiving circuitry in the receiver. The data processor determines the time period during which radio signals are received from the personal paging units by the first receiving circuitry, based on radio signals received from the other source by the second receiving circuitry. In a preferred embodiment, the second receiving circuitry receives radio signals from the transmitter.

Abstract: The invention involves a method of transmitting a control signal that is synchronized in time with a radio program signal. The control signal may be used, for example, in a receiver to restore dynamic range reduction that occurred at the transmitter. The method includes the steps of forming a first supplemented signal by inserting the control signal and a first time-reference signal into a data stream of a radio data signal such as an RDS signal. A second supplemented signal is formed by adding a second time-reference signal to the radio program signal. The first and second time-reference signals are correlated in time. The first and second supplemented signals are transmitted.

Abstract: A system for testing telecommunications equipment located at two sites includes a set of test instruments located at each site, a local test controller located at each site for controlling the test instrument at that site, and a master test controller connected to the local test controller by data links. Each test controller is provided with a clock and the clocks are synchronized by a common timing signal. The master test controller is arranged to transmit test instructions to, and receive test results from, the local test controllers.

Abstract: An integrated communication system supporting multiple TDMA or TDD communication protocols whereby both protocols are supported within the same geographic region. Each protocol defines time frames and/or time slots of a different duration, from which is derived a composite time frame having a predefined timing structure. A first base station unit communicates in a first set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a first TDMA or TDD protocol, and a second base station unit (which may be collocated with the first base station unit) communicates in a second set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a second TDMA or TDD protocol. Coordinating electronics (such as a GPS receiver in one or both base station units) are provided so as to prevent collisions between communications occurring between each base station unit and its respective users. In a particular embodiment, a first protocol is a GSM protocol, and a second protocol is a TDD protocol utilizing spread spectrum techniques.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radio frequency (RF) link establishment is disclosed. The method and apparatus uses messages with a set data field containing N-bit channel markers and synchronization words for link establishment and monitoring. The present invention allows for correct detection of the initial channel marker even if less than N bits are received correctly.

Abstract: In a mobile radio communication system, a mobile station has a field level decision section which outputs a decision signal when the electric field level of a received signal exceeds a threshold level. A controller sequentially sets a plurality of different threshold levels. In response to the decision signal from the decision section, synchronization to the received control signal begins. When the mobile station receives down-going control signals from a plurality of base stations, it selects the one having the highest field level, and then sets up synchronization to the signal selected.

Abstract: In direct communications between PHS terminals, each terminal detects an intermittent timing signal from a predetermined control channel of the base station. Based on the intermittent timing signal, a terminal intermittently exchanges signaling information with another terminal through an idle channel to establish synchronization therebetween. A calling-party terminal searches for an idle channel and intermittently transmits a control signal to a called-party terminal through the idle channel with intermittently supplying power to a transmitter. A called-party terminal intermittently transmits a response signal to the calling-party terminal through the idle channel. When receiving the response signal from the called-party terminal, synchronization of the calling-party terminal with the called-party terminal is established.

Abstract: A network hub switching center routes communications from and to a plurality of RTUs. CTSs transmit data to the RTUs dispersed over a predetermined CTS geographic area and the RTUs present multiplexed digital data which is synchronously related to the CTS broadcast signal for communication with identified individual RTUs within designated geographic areas. A number of intermediate receivers are provided with each CTS for receiving messages from low-powered local RTUs. The intermediate receivers are located at a set of cell subdivision sites, which are partitioned from the CTS geographic area and are dispersed over the CTS geographic area. The CTS data processing and transmission facilities provides for synchronizing the transmission facilities with a precision clock signal derived from an independent precision clock source. The clock source is independent of the radio broadcast signals when the interactive radio network operates in conjunction with a source of radio broadcast signals.

Abstract: A frequency standard generator includes a voltage controlled crystal oscillator for generating high stability output signal to be used as a standard frequency signal, a satellite wave receiver which receives a radio wave from a satellite which includes a highly accurate satellite time signal and reproduces the satellite time signal to be used as a reference for the voltage controlled crystal oscillator, a frequency divider which divides the output signal of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator by a dividing ratio arranged to generate a crystal time signal which is identical in frequency to the satellite time signal, a time interval measuring circuit which measures a time interval which is a phase difference between the satellite time signal and the crystal time signal and generates a digital signal indicating the phase difference, a frequency control processor which arithmetically determines control data based on the digital signal from the time interval measuring circuit such that the phase difference m