Abstract: The concepts and technologies disclosed herein are directed to parallelism for virtual network functions (“VNFs”) in service function chains (“SFCs”). According to one aspect, a packet processing system can receive instructions to process, in parallel, at least a portion of a plurality of data packets associated with an SFC including a plurality of VNFs. The system can create a copy of at least the portion of the data packets. The system can send the copy of at least the portion of the data packets to at least two VNFs. The at least two VNFs can process, in parallel, the copy of at least the portion of the data packets. The system can receive, from the at least two VNFs, processed packets including the copy of at least the portion of the data packets and processed, in parallel, by the at least two VNFs. The system can combine the processed packets.

Abstract: Methods of powering a radio that is mounted on a tower of a cellular base station are provided in which a direct current (“DC”) power signal is provided to the radio over a power cable and a voltage level of the output of the power supply is adjusted so as to provide a substantially constant voltage at a first end of the power cable that is remote from the power supply. Related cellular base stations and programmable power supplies are also provided.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving a first received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a first beacon in an array of beacons and receiving a second RSSI of a second beacon in an array of beacons, calculating a RSSI of the array (r) as a function of the first RSSI and the second RSSI, retrieving a calibrated RSSI value of the array (r?) from a memory, determining whether r>r?, and outputting a signal to a user device responsive to determining that r>r?.

Abstract: A communication device according to one embodiment comprise a transmitter configured to directly transmit a radio signal to another communication device. The transmitter is configured to transmit, when first location information indicating a geographical location of the communication device is acquired, the radio signal, based on a first radio resource associated with a location indicated by the first location information. The transmitter is configured to transmit, when the communication device cannot acquire the first location information, the radio signal, based on a second radio resource. The second radio resource is decided based on a method different from a method of deciding the first radio resource by using the first location information.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments, a communication system includes a transmitter configured to generate a first communication signal conveying data. A first coupler is configured to generate first guided electromagnetic waves in response to the first communication signal, wherein the first guided electromagnetic waves are guided by an external surface of a metallic shield of a underground power cable and propagate, without requiring any electrical return path, via a wave mode having a majority of field strength within the protective jacket of the underground power cable.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for facilitating information and expertise distribution via a communication network. A method at a first computing device may include receiving a request for information from a second computing device, determining at least one third computing device based on an analysis of the request for information, communicating the request for information to the determined at least one third computing device, receiving a response corresponding to the request for information from the determined at least one third computing device, adjusting a credit level of a user associated with the determined at least one third computing device based on the received response, and communicating the response to the second computing device. The credit level of the user may indicate one or more credits earned by the user.

Abstract: A method for beam sweeping in a wireless communication system is described. Beam sweeping includes performing a reduced beam sweep corresponding to a reduced set of beams that are a subset of a full set of beams available for transmitting and/or receiving from an antenna module, without sweeping beams that are not members of the reduced set of beams. The method includes selecting a beam out of the reduced set of beams for transmitting and/or receiving from the antenna module based on the reduced beam sweep without sweeping beams that are not members of the reduced set of beams. Related devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for out-of-band data communication with a base station in a wireless network, the method comprising: determining, at a base station in a cellular access network, the base station configured to use a coordination server and to a first core network for providing network access to user equipments (UEs), an occurrence of an event regarding a communication problem related to the base station; sending an out-of-band message, via an embedded UE module coupled to the base station attached to a second core network, to the coordination server, based on the occurrence of the event at the base station; updating, at the coordination server, a stored status for the base station, thereby enabling a status of the base station to be updated at the coordination server via an out-of-band message.

Abstract: An angle of arrival system is configured to efficiently measure phase differences. The angle of arrival system includes a master receiver for demodulating the signal received at one antenna and for implementing a tracking loop to identify the timing of symbols within the signal. This timing information can be fed back as a synchronization signal to a despreader in the master receiver and to a despreader in each of a number of slave receivers to synchronize the timing at which each signal is despread. Because despreading is synchronized, the outputs of the despreaders can be used to directly calculate phase differences between each pair of signals. In this way, the slave receivers do not need to implement a demodulator or a tracking loop. When the received signal is a non-spread signal, the phase differences between each pair of signals can be calculated directly from the modulated samples of each pair of signals without despreading.

Abstract: A device, computer-readable medium, and method for activating antennas based upon a location and a movement of a group of mobile endpoint devices are disclosed. For example, a method may include a processor of a cellular network detecting a group of mobile endpoint devices associated with a first location and activating a first antenna at a first cell site of the cellular network associated with the first location, in response to detecting the group of mobile endpoint devices. The processor may further detect a movement of the group of mobile endpoint devices toward a second location, and activate a second antenna at a second cell site of the cellular network associated with the second location and deactivate the first antenna, in response to detecting the movement of the group of mobile endpoint devices toward the second location.

Abstract: Blind selection of a multi-frequency band indicator (MFBI) channel is disclosed. The crowded wireless spectrum can comprise overlapping bands, e.g., LTE bands 17 and 12. Whereas current standards allow setting the E-UTRA frequency to only one absolute radio-frequency channel number, alternative channel information can be distributed via SIB message. However, where a UE cannot read the MFBI information in a SIB message, the UE can be ignorant of a channel in an alternative band. Channel information for an alternative band can be sent to the UE as part of a radio resource control RRC message, for example, comprising a dEUTRACarrierFreqInfo value. The RRC connection release message can cause the UE to release a connection and then reestablish a new connection based on the channel information for then alternative band. This can allow mobile devices that do not support MFBI via SIB, to access channels in MFBI-type bands.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed generally to systems and methods for dynamically selecting a retransmission rate for communication between two devices. The retransmission rate may be selected after a transmission has failed between the devices. In some embodiments, the retransmission rate may be selected based on relative velocity of the devices. In some embodiments, the retransmission rate may be selected based on transmission channel characteristics. The retransmission rate may be selected such that the retransmission will be less than an allowable transmission rate based on a distance between the two devices.

Abstract: Provided is a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system supporting a Circuit Switched FallBack (CSFB) service. The UE includes a transceiver for transmitting and receiving a signal to/from a first or second communication system that uses a different frequency; a receiver for receiving a signal from the second communication system; and a controller for controlling an operation of receiving signaling information for the CSFB service from the first communication system through the transceiver, and simultaneously measuring channel status of the second communication system using the signal received from the receiver.

Abstract: This invention presents methods for MU-MIMO wireless communication systems comprising a BS with plural of antennas, either closely located or distributed; A plural of AFRs deployed over a coverage area, each AFR has N_BF?1 BF antennas with a beam pattern facing the MU-BFer and N_UF?1 UF antennas with a beam pattern facing UEs or downstream AFR(s); A channel estimation module for estimating the Total Channels between a plural of UEs and the BS with the AFRs in place; and, A MU-BFer that uses the estimates of the Total Channels to perform beamforming computations for transmitting and/or receiving multiple spatially multiplexed streams of signals to or from a plural of UEs using the same frequency resource.

Abstract: Methods of powering a radio that is mounted on a tower of a cellular base station are provided in which a direct current (“DC”) power signal is provided to the radio over a power cable and a voltage level of the output of the power supply is adjusted so as to provide a substantially constant voltage at a first end of the power cable that is remote from the power supply. Related cellular base stations and programmable power supplies are also provided.

Abstract: A method for dynamically adjusting a scan pattern and electronic device to perform the same. The method includes obtaining a data packet of a communication session on a first communication channel. The method further includes analyzing the data packet to determine a priority associated with the communication session and determining that the priority associated with the communication session exceeds a threshold. In response to the determination, the method includes adjusting one or more parameters of a scan algorithm implemented by a wireless driver. The method further includes determining that a signal quality for the first communication channel is below the threshold quality level and executing the scan algorithm in accordance with the adjusted one or more parameters.

Abstract: A system for dynamically routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System includes a plurality of Digital Access Units (DAUs). The plurality of DAUs are coupled and operable to route signals between the plurality of DAUs. The system also includes a plurality of Digital Remote Units (DRUs) coupled to the plurality of DAUs and operable to transport signals between DRUs and DAUs and a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). The system further includes a plurality of traffic monitoring modules and a network optimization goal and optimization algorithm.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a transmitter (TX) antenna array and a TX signal absorber. The TX antenna array is configured to output a first RF signal. The receiver includes a receiver (RX) antenna array and a RX signal absorber. The RX antenna array is configured to receive a second RF signal. The TX signal absorber and the RX signal absorber are each configured to absorb energy induced by the RF signal thereby mitigating electrical co-site interference between the transmitter and the receiver.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a control device and at least one communication device. The control device includes a scheduler configured to generate control information for a process of a physical layer in wireless communication between the communication device and a terminal, an encoding unit configured to generate encoded data by performing encoding on data to be transmitted to the terminal on the basis of the control information, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the control information to the communication device when the control information is generated and transmits the encoded data to the communication device when the encoded data is generated.

Abstract: Tower systems suitable for use at cellular base stations include a tower, an antenna mounted on the tower, a remote radio head mounted on the tower and a power supply. A power cable having a power supply conductor and a return conductor is connected between the power supply and the remote radio head. A shunt capacitance unit that is separate from the remote radio head that is electrically coupled between the power supply conductor and the return conductor of the power cable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting status report applied for a receiver is provided, the method comprises: determining a format of a RLC status report; transmitting the RLC status report to a sender, according to the format of the RLC status report; wherein the receiver is a receiver of a service data, and the sender is a sender of a service data. By this method and apparatus, the transmission efficiency of the status report transmitting method can be improved.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a plurality of wireless stations. Each of at least two of the plurality of wireless stations includes, a first antenna transmitting a radio wave in a first frequency band, a second antenna transmitting a radio wave in a second frequency band lower in frequency than the first frequency band, a first transceiver transmitting and receiving a main signal in the first frequency band, and a second transceiver transmitting and receiving a control signal in the second frequency band. At least one of the at least two wireless stations includes, a variable beam antenna making a beam direction variable as the first antenna, a wide angle antenna having a radiation range equal to or wider than a variable range of the beam direction as the second antenna, and a controller controlling the beam direction of the variable beam antenna according to the control signal.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and system for supporting a beamforming antenna system in a mobile broadband communication network with an improved beam pattern, beam sweep pattern, pilot channel design with feedback and reporting rules, and control signaling design. Specifically, the improved beam pattern includes a method of supporting wireless communications in a wireless network forming at least two spatial beams within a cell segment where the at least two spatial beams are associated with different power levels, and separately, where at least two spatial beams can be moved across the cell segment according to a unique sweep pattern. The pilot channel design improves network bandwidth performance and improves user mobility tracking. Feedback and reporting rules can be established using a particular field designator, CQI, in the preferred embodiment.

Abstract: A method for communication beam transition in a communication system includes sending beam information on a first communication beam, receiving a beam switch command on the first communication beam, the beam switch command requesting a transition from the first communication beam to a second communication beam, simultaneously sending and receiving information on the first communication beam and the second communication beam, and ceasing sending and receiving information on the first communication beam when transition to the second communication beam is completed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating a signal for low latency in a wireless communication system. The method, according to one embodiment of the present invention, for a communication device generating a situation-reporting signal for low latency and transmitting the signal to a base station in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: generating the situation-reporting signal on the basis of a pre-set, specific situation recognized by the communication device; and transmitting the generated situation-reporting signal to the base station, wherein the situation-reporting signal may be generated so as to have a subcarrier spacing which is a pre-set number of times larger than a subcarrier spacing of a legacy communication system, the pre-set number being an integer.

Abstract: A modem apparatus is configured to provide wireless network access in accordance with an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing communications scheme. The apparatus comprises a hardware subsystem comprising baseband processing components (302), Radio Frequency processing components (304) and a digital interface. The Radio Frequency processing components (304) comprise a converter component arranged to convert between time and frequency domains in accordance with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing communications scheme; a subcarrier processing component operably coupled to the converter component, the subcarrier processing component being arranged to implement conversion between a collapsed space of subcarriers and an expanded space of subcarriers in accordance with resource assignment data; a cyclic prefix processing component responsive to control information. The baseband processing components (302) comprise a channel estimation component.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for allocating resources in a wireless communication system using multiple antennas. The method for allocating resources comprising: transmitting a reference signal to first-type terminals based on type information of a plurality of terminals; receiving channel estimation information from the first-type terminals that have received the reference signal; generating beams based on the received channel estimation information; and allocating resources for the generated beams. First-type beams for the first-type terminals are primarily generated and allocated, and on the basis of the generated first-type beams, second-type beams for second-type terminals may be non-orthogonally generated and allocated when the resources for the beams are allocated.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a signal processing circuit and a transmission circuit. The signal processing circuit generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal by performing a precoding process on a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, and generates a second reversed signal by performing an order reversion process on a symbol sequence forming the second precoded signal thereby generating a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal from the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal. The transmission circuit transmits the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal respectively from different antennas.

Abstract: A method of providing an optimal transmission or reception (Tx/Rx) beam in a beamforming system. The method includes receiving a reference signal and selecting an optimal Tx/Rx beam that guarantees an optimal channel environment based on the received reference signal determining a possibility of occurrence of a Tx/Rx beam mismatch between the selected optimal Tx/Rx beam and a Tx/Rx beam used for transmitting information on the selected optimal Tx/Rx beam; and when there is the possibility of the occurrence of the Tx/Rx beam mismatch, performing at least one of widening a beam width of the Tx/Rx beam, increasing a number of Tx/Rx beams, reducing a period of a beam selection operation for selecting the optimal Tx/Rx beam, and reducing a transmission period of the reference signal. Other embodiments including a beamforming system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a LP-WUR (low-power wake-up radio) wake-up packet acknowledgement procedure are generally described herein. A first wireless device encodes for transmission of a wake-up packet of a LP-WUR to a second wireless device, the wake-up packet to wake up a WLAN (wireless local area network) radio of the second wireless device. Upon decoding a response frame from the second wireless device received during a predefined time period: the first wireless device encodes for transmission of a data packet to the WLAN radio of the second wireless device. Upon failing to receive the response frame from the second wireless device during the predefined time period: the first wireless device encodes for retransmission of the wake-up packet to the second wireless device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and processing nodes for selecting a relay wireless device for beamforming with a beamforming-capable access node. In certain instances, the relay wireless device may be prioritized over end-user wireless devices for beamform activation, particularly when there are more wireless devices meeting the beamforming criteria of a donor access node than available beamform seats.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a beamforming method, a receiver, a transmitter, and a system. The beamforming method includes: controlling, according to a preset rule, connection or disconnection of N analog channels corresponding to N antenna array elements, to obtain an independently received equivalent signal at each of the N antenna array elements, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; obtaining, based on the independently received equivalent signal at each of the N antenna array elements, a beamforming weight; and sending the beamforming weight to a transmitter. According to the embodiments of the present invention, costs can be reduced, and relatively good interference suppression performance can be obtained.

Abstract: Example radio frequency front ends, terminal devices, and carrier aggregation methods are provided. In one example, the radio frequency front end includes: P transmit branches, each transmit branch includes at least one transmit filter, N receive branches, where each receive branch includes at least one receive filter, and a switch circuit having L input ports and at least one output port, where the at least one output port is connected to an antenna or a back end circuit of an antenna, and where the L input ports are used to simultaneously connect a transmit branch of the P transmit branches and a receive branch of the N receive branches, where the transmit branch and the receive branch are corresponding to a same frequency band.

Abstract: A method for control-plane and user-plane transmissions in a customized C-RAN is disclosed. The method includes providing control-plane (CP) signaling using a first beam in a radio resource, and providing user-plane (UP) content using a second beam in the radio resource based on the CP signaling, wherein the first beam provides wider access coverage than the second beam. The radio resource is a licensed band or an unlicensed band. The first beam and the second beam are millimeter-wave beams. The first beam has an omni-directional beam pattern. The second beam has a directional beam pattern.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for a virtual base station migration in a BBU pool which has multiple baseband units. The migration method comprises the following steps performed by a first virtual base station: measuring an available bandwidth between the first virtual base station and a second virtual base station, wherein the first virtual base station and the second virtual base station belong to different baseband units in the BBU pool; estimating a service interruption time of the first virtual base station; selecting a migration mechanism of the first virtual base station according to the estimated service interruption time. The migration mechanism comprises configuring a common measurement gap for user devices of the first virtual base station, or configuring random access time slots for user devices of the first virtual base station, or configuring a discontinuous receiving cycle for user devices of the first virtual base station.

Abstract: Detection of a confusion caused by scrambling code reuse is provided herein. Timing measurements, as observed by a mobile device, and an identification of primary scrambling codes associated with the timing measurements are captured. The timing measurements are identified by the primary scrambling codes for the particular radio measured. The mobile device also reports its location information. Radios for which timing measurements have been received are paired. Based on the paired radios and a history of observed time difference reference values for radio pairs, comparisons are made between paired radios having at least one common radio. Radios, exhibiting a set of values that is near an expected range, are removed from the analysis. Radios, exhibiting two sets of values that are distinct, are isolated in order to identify the radio that is causing the scrambling code confusion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a protocol conversion method and apparatus. The method includes: implementing frequency synchronization and time synchronization with a baseband unit (BBU) using an Ethernet protocol; obtaining frequency synchronization information and time synchronization information in a first format from an Ethernet interface; converting the frequency synchronization information and the time synchronization information in the first format into frequency synchronization information and time synchronization information that are in a second format, where the second format is a common public radio interface CPRI protocol format; and sending the frequency synchronization information and time synchronization information in the second format to a remote radio unit (RRU) using a CPRI interface, where the RRU supports a CPRI protocol.

Abstract: A system for dynamically routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System includes a plurality of Digital Access Units (DAUs). The plurality of DAUs are coupled and operable to route signals between the plurality of DAUs. The system also includes a plurality of Digital Remote Units (DRUs) coupled to the plurality of DAUs and operable to transport signals between DRUs and DAUs and a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). The system further includes a plurality of traffic monitoring modules and a network optimization goal and optimization algorithm.

Abstract: Provided is a method for estimating a timing advance (TA) for each beam in a wireless communication system. First, a terminal transmits K preambles, to which K mutually different beam formings are applied, to a base station. The base station estimates the TA for each of the K received preambles. The base station can determine the final TA value of the terminal on the basis of the TAs estimated for each of the K preambles.

Abstract: Example aspects of the present disclosure are directed to front end modules for use in communication systems. In one example aspect, a front end module can include a receive path. The receive path can include a low noise amplifier. The receive path can include an analog to digital converter (ADC) circuit operable to receive an analog signal from the low noise amplifier and convert the analog signal to a digital RF receive signal. The receive path can include an ADC post processing circuit operable to process the digital RF receive signal in the digital domain. The front end module can include a transmit path. The transmit path can include a digital to analog converter circuit operable to convert the digital RF transmit signal to an analog RF transmit signal. The transmit path can include a power amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are front-end modules that support carrier aggregation. Wireless communication configurations are disclosed that include a plurality of such front-end modules to support uplink and/or downlink carrier aggregation. Individual front end modules include a power amplifier module to amplify signals received at a transceiver port and an envelope tracker to increase efficiency of the power amplifier module. The front-end modules include a multiplexer and an antenna switch module with a plurality of duplexers between them along a corresponding plurality of paths. One path includes a first duplexer configured to process frequency division duplex (FDD) signals and another path includes a second duplexer configured to process time division duplex (TDD) signals. The front-end modules also include a low noise amplifier module coupled to the second duplexer to amplify TDD signals while received FDD signals are directed off module for amplification.

Abstract: An electronic device that provides modified electrical signals is described. An interface circuit in the electronic device may provide electrical signals for an antenna module, which may be coupled to the interface circuit by a cable, and the electrical signals may correspond to or may specify an output transmit-power level at the interface circuit. Then, the interface circuit may receive feedback about an input transmit-power level at the antenna module. Based on the feedback, a data rate and/or a modulation and coding scheme, the interface circuit may provide the modified electrical signals for the antenna module, where the modified electrical signals correspond to a modified output transmit-power level at the interface circuit. In some embodiments, the feedback is provided by repurposing, during a different operating mode, signal lines that otherwise specify an antenna pattern.

Abstract: A base station includes a control unit that controls one or more identifiers to be installed on a plurality of transmission points in accordance with the number of control signals transmitted from the transmission points to one or more wireless terminals or the number of radio resources used to transmit the control signals to the one or more wireless terminals.

Abstract: A mount for attaching an access point (AP) device to a surface is described. The mount includes a housing, a tension member for securing the AP within a compartment of the housing, a retention device for securing the tension member to or about the housing with adjustable tension, and attachment means for securing the mount to or in the ceiling or wall. The tension member can be a cable and the retention device can be a cable retention device. The cable can include first and second ends attached to first and second ends of a spring that maintains tension on the cable even if the cable begins to relax over time while securing the AP within the compartment. The mount can also include a cover for concealing the AP within the housing. The cover, the housing, or both can include magnets for securing the cover to the housing.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including an acquisition unit configured to acquire measurement information or position-related information for each of one or more wireless communication devices capable of operating as a mobile station and a base station, the measurement information indicating a result of measurement for a cell by a wireless communication device, the position-related information being related to a position of a wireless communication device; and a selector confirmed to select a wireless communication device to operate as a base station from among the one or more wireless communication devices based on the measurement information or the position-related information for each of the one or more wireless communication devices.

Abstract: A switching-on method for implementing automatic switching-on of base station, which is applied on a base station, includes: establishing, by the base station, an interactive link with a base station controller; transmitting, by the base station, an identifier uniquely identifying the base station; and receiving, by the base station, switching-on parameters corresponding to the identifier and executing the switching-on parameters.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for modulating a first electrical signal to generate first modulated electromagnetic waves, and transmitting the first modulated electromagnetic waves on a waveguide located in proximity to a transmission medium. In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic waves can induce second electromagnetic waves that propagate on an outer surface of the transmission medium. The second electromagnetic waves can have a first spectral range that is divided into, contains or otherwise includes a first control channel and a first plurality of bands. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a management unit for a communication device. The management unit is configured to communicate via a plurality of various types of communication networks. The management unit comprises a first attachment surface, comprising first organs for removably attaching a first external module, and a second attachment surface comprising second organs for removably attaching a second external module.

Abstract: A test system for over-the-air testing is described, the test system comprising a measurement antenna, a power combiner, and a mixer. The measurement antenna is a multiple polarization antenna that is configured to measure signals with at least two different polarizations. The measurement antenna has a first measurement port and a second measurement port via which a first signal portion and a second signal portion are provided, respectively. The power combiner has a first input port and a second input port. The power combiner is directly connected via its first input port with the first measurement port of the measurement antenna unit. The mixer is connected with the measurement antenna via the second measurement port. The mixer has an output port via which the mixer is connected with the second input port of the power combiner. Further, a method for over-the-air testing is described.

Abstract: A method for configuring transmission order of uplink data, performed by an REC of an access node. The REC has an interface to an RE of the access node. The method comprises providing instructions to the RE how to prioritize transmission order of uplink data. The uplink data is received by the RE on a radio interface and is to be transmitted from the RE to the REC on the interface. The REC thereby configures the transmission order.