Abstract: Systems and methods of increasing paging opportunities when the unlicensed band is used are described. The gNB sends an RRC message that indicates multiple monitoring occasions in a paging occasion of a paging frame. The UE monitors a monitoring occasion of a PO to determine whether a PDCCH with a P-RNTI has been received in an unlicensed band. If such a PDCCH is received, the UE decodes PDSCH information in the PDCCH to determine whether the P-RNTI is a P-RNTI of the UE. If so, the UE avoids monitoring subsequent monitoring occasions of the PO. If the PDCCH does not contain a P-RNTI, the UE continues to monitor other monitoring occasions within the PO.

Abstract: A wireless power receiver of receiving power from a wireless power transmitter, including a receiving part configured to receive wireless power from the wireless power transmitter; and a main controller configured to generate a signal including an FOD status packet, wherein the main controller transmits a signal including the FOD status packet to the wireless power transmitter; wherein the main controller receives a first power from the wireless power transmitter when a NAK response indicating that a foreign object is present in a charging area of the wireless power transmitter is received from the wireless power transmitter, or receives a second power from the wireless power transmitter when an ACK response indicating that the foreign object is not present in the charging area of the wireless power transmitter is received from the wireless power transmitter, in response to the FOD status packet; and wherein the main controller receives a signal including information on a result of determining whether the for

Abstract: A method of transmitting power of a wireless power transmitter, including a reception phase of receiving a signal including an FOD status packet from a wireless power receiver; a first determination phase of determining whether a foreign object is present in a charging area of the wireless power transmitter based on the FOD status packet; a power control phase of controlling power transmission in a first power transfer mode if it is determined in the first determination phase that the foreign object is present in the charging area, or controlling power transmission in a second power transfer mode if it is determined in the first determination phase that the foreign object is not present in the charging area; a phase of receiving a reception power packet including information on a reception power intensity from the wireless power receiver; a phase of determining the reception power intensity of the wireless power receiver based on information on the reception power intensity; a phase of measuring or calculatin

Abstract: A wireless power receiver of receiving power from a wireless power transmitter, including a receiving part configured to receive a wireless power from the wireless power transmitter; and a main controller configured to generate a signal including an FOD status packet, wherein the main controller transmits a signal including the FOD status packet to the wireless power transmitter; wherein the main controller receives a first power from the wireless power transmitter when a NAK response indicating that a foreign object is present in a charging area of the wireless power transmitter is received from the wireless power transmitter, or receives a second power from the wireless power transmitter when an ACK response indicating that the foreign object is not present in the charging area of the wireless power transmitter is received from the wireless power transmitter, in response to the FOD status packet; wherein the main controller transmits a reception power packet including information on reception power intensit

Abstract: A method of transmitting power of a wireless power transmitter, including a reception phase of receiving a signal including an FOD status packet from a wireless power receiver; a first determination phase of determining whether a foreign object is present in a charging area of the wireless power transmitter based on the FOD status packet; a power control phase of controlling power transmission in a first power transfer mode if it is determined in the first determination phase that the foreign object is present in the charging area, or controlling power transmission in a second power transfer mode if it is determined in the first determination phase that the foreign object is not present in the charging area; a phase of receiving a reception power packet including information on a reception power intensity from the wireless power receiver; a phase of determining the reception power intensity of the wireless power receiver based on information on the reception power intensity; a phase of measuring or calculatin

Abstract: A multi-cell battery powered device can include at least one power input, a first power converter coupled between the power input and a battery bus, a second power converter coupled between the battery bus and a system load of the electronic device, a plurality of cells, and a plurality of primary battery protection switches. The primary battery protection switches can be selectively operable to couple the plurality of cells in: (1) a parallel configuration in which the cells are coupled to the battery bus so as to charge or discharge in parallel, (2) a series configuration in which the cells are coupled to the battery bus so as to charge or discharge in series, and (3) an isolated configuration in which at least one of the plurality of cells is coupled to the battery bus and at least one of the plurality of cells is disconnected from the battery bus.

Abstract: A wireless optical power network for power distribution to a plurality of devices includes a power source to generate electrical power; the one or more master power stations configured to receive the electrical power and to generate a plurality of power laser light beams based at least in part on the electrical power; one or more optical distribution devices, the one or more optical distribution devices to receive the plurality of laser light beams; one or more sink power substations optically coupled to the one or more optical distribution devices, the one or sink power substations configured to receive the plurality of laser beams via the one or more optical distribution devices, to convert the plurality of laser beams to substation electrical power and to transfer the substation electrical power; and a plurality of end user devices to receive the substation electrical power for charging.

Abstract: A method of coordinating wireless power transfer and data communication between a transmitter and a receiver comprising recognizing at the receiver that an energy store electrically coupled to the receiver requires an electrical charge, emitting from the receiver a beacon signal to the transmitter, the beacon signal including information about the receiver and a state of charge of the energy store, recognizing at the receiver first and second localization signals from the transmitter, establishing low-power and high-power laser beam connections between the receiver and the transmitter in response to the localization signals, and communicating further information via the low-power beam on a periodic basis while optical power is being transferred via the high-power beam. The low-power beam connection includes further information about the receiver and the state of charge of the energy store. Optical power is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver via the high-power beam.

Abstract: Systems and methods for seamless pairing of wireless devices in hoteling environments are described. In an embodiment, an Information Handling System (IHS), may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution, cause the IHS to: in response to a temporary reservation of one of a plurality of workspaces, receive data associated with a peripheral device located in the workspace; pre-pair the peripheral device to the IHS based upon the data in anticipation of the IHS having reached the workspace; and in response to a determination that the IHS has reached the workspace, complete a pairing of the peripheral device to the IHS.

Abstract: Intelligent thermal and power management in a wireless communications device in a wireless communications system (WCS) is disclosed. In a non-limiting example, the wireless communications device can be a base station (e.g., eNB) in the WCS. The wireless communications device includes a number of sensor circuits each configured to perform a sensory measurement (e.g., temperature measurement) in a specific circuit or at a specific location of the wireless communications device. A control circuit is provided in the wireless communications device support intelligent thermal and power management in the wireless communications device. Specifically, the control circuit determines that the sensory measurement is above an abnormal threshold(s) and performs one or more corrective actions accordingly to reduce the sensory measurement to a desirable threshold.

Abstract: A power supply comprising a hardware interface having conductive contacts and conforming to a power supply design standard comprising a pin-out definition specifying that a first conductive contact is to be dedicated to communicating first information of a first type. The power supply comprises first, second, and third circuitry. The first circuitry is to determine the first information. The second circuitry is to determine second information of a second type, wherein the second type of information is other than the first type. The third circuitry is to send, via the first conductive contact, a communication comprising the first information and the second information. In embodiments, a PCB comprises a connector to couple the PCB to the power supply via an interconnect to be coupled to the hardware interface, and an IC to receive the communication, and identify the first and second information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rechargeable power bank, comprising a charging system comprising a controller coupled to a receiving system in electrical communication with an electrical storage device; configured to harvest energy from one or more directional electromagnetic energy beams provided by an external wireless charging system over a distance of greater than about 50 cm, convert the harvested energy into electrical energy, and direct the electrical energy into the electrical storage device, wherein the controller is configurable to direct or not direct the electrical energy from the electrical storage device into an attached electronic device to power and/or recharge the attached electronic device based on one or more authorization criteria. A method of utilizing the power bank is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicle comprises a battery management system (2) including an electronical control unit (3), a battery system (6) and an electronic battery controller (4). The battery controller (4) includes an acquisition device (43) for acquiring values of at least one electrical parameter of the battery system (6) and a memory (42) storing a battery profile (44) representative of properties of the battery system (6). The electronical control unit (3) includes: —a storage space (34) including a plurality of additional battery profiles (35), —a selection interface (33) for selecting a replacement battery profile among the plurality of additional battery profiles (35). and is programmed to replace the battery profile (44) stored in the memory (42) with the replacement battery profile selected by the selection interface (33).

Abstract: A vehicular driving assistance system includes an exterior viewing camera disposed at a vehicle and viewing exterior of the vehicle. Image data captured by the camera is provided to and processed at an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU performs processing tasks for multiple vehicle systems. The vehicular driving assistance system is operable to wirelessly upload captured image data to the cloud for processing at a remote processor. Processing tasks with a higher priority are determined at the ECU to be higher priority tasks. Responsive to determination at the ECU of a higher priority task, the vehicular driving assistance system (i) processes captured image data at the ECU for the higher priority task and (ii) uploads captured image data to the cloud for processing at the remote processor of processing at the remote processor.

Abstract: Fodder mixing wagon with a mixing container and at least one mixing member arranged rotatable therein for fodder components and a sensor system arranged to co-rotate on the mixing member for examining at least one of the fodder components and/or a fodder mixture formed therefrom. A data transmission system with a transmitter a receiver which are associated with one another in a co-rotating and not co-rotating arrangement for wireless data transmission to and/or from the sensor system; and/or an electrical generator for supplying power to the sensor system. The transmitter and receiver are arranged such that the wireless data transmission is within the mixing container; and the generator is arranged on the stator side to co-rotate with the mixing member and on the rotor side is coupled not to co-rotate. Data transmission is provided with a low transmission power. Inductive data and power transmission may be used.

Abstract: A charging system of an electric vehicle battery is provided. The charging system has a charging station and at least one charging cable connectable to a battery to be charged. The charging station has at least one power unit provided with a power card adapted to charge the battery and a female-type connector adapted to connect to a male-type connector of the at least one charging cable. The at least one charging cable and the charging station have respective authentication circuits configured to implement a cable authentication algorithm which, in case of positive outcome, enables charging the battery. The charging system allows charging batteries of different types and working voltages. A method for charging an electric vehicle battery is also provided.

Abstract: A system for wireless power transmission, preferably including one or more power transmitters, detectors, and/or processing modules, and optionally including one or more power receivers and/or auxiliary sensors. A method for field detection, preferably including transmitting power, receiving latent scattering signals, analyzing the scattering signals, and/or acting based on the analysis.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to detect failure of a diode that is connected in series with a battery and a contactor or other switch configured to connect the battery to a load when the contactor or other switch is in a closed position and to isolate the battery from the load when the contactor or other switch is in an open position. In various embodiments, the system includes a high value resistor connected between the anode terminal of the diode and ground, the connection to the anode terminal being on a load side of the contactor or other switch; and a voltage meter configured to measure a voltage across the high value resistor at least during a test in which a voltage is applied to a bus associated with the load while the contactor or other switch is in the open position.

Abstract: Power supply efficiency may be provided. First, a total power supply capacity may be determined comprising a sum of a plurality of supply capacities respectively corresponding to a plurality of power supplies serving a plurality of components. Next, a load value corresponding to the plurality of components may be determined. A number of the plurality of power supplies may then be powered down. The number of power supplies powered down may comprise a value that may cause a remaining number of the plurality of power supplies serving the plurality of components to operate within an efficiency range.

Abstract: A system and method for power distribution are disclosed. A processor detects a storage device having a scalable interface, where the scalable interface is for transferring data between a host device and the storage device. The processor determines power requirement of the storage device based on a signal from the scalable interface. At least one power supply unit coupled to the processor provides power to the storage device based on the determined power requirement.

Abstract: A system includes one or more assets loaded into and/or removed from a vehicle. Each asset is coupled to a wireless tag, and each wireless tag wirelessly transmits beacon signals at predetermined intervals. The system includes a gateway disposed within the vehicle. The gateway is configured to receive power from a vehicle power source when the vehicle is operating, and the gateway is configured to receive power from an internal battery source when the vehicle is not operating. The gateway is configured to scan an area of the vehicle at a duty cycle to identify beacon signals transmitted by the wireless tags and receive the beacon signals from the wireless tags.

Abstract: A powering patch panel system includes a patch panel device coupled to a power source, and including a first port that is coupled to a networking device via a first cable and a second port that is coupled to the powered device via a second cable. The patch panel device receives data that is directed to the powered device from the networking device through the first port and via the first cable, and receives power from the power source. The patch panel device then transmits both the data and a subset of the power through the second port and via the second cable to the powered device. The first port may be provided by optical-fiber-based port and the first cable may be provided by an optical-fiber-based cable, while the second port may be provided by a hybrid conductive-material/optical-fiber-based port and the second cable may be provided by a hybrid conductive-material/optical-fiber-based cable.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to polarization adaptive wireless power transmission systems. In an implementation, a wireless power transmission system is described. The wireless power transmission system includes an antenna array and control circuitry operatively coupled to the antenna array. The control circuitry is configured to determine polarization information of a beacon signal received from a client device at multiple antennas of the antenna array. The beacon signal is transmitted by a client device in a wireless power delivery environment. The control circuitry is further configured to configure polarization information associated with each of the multiple antennas to match the polarization information determined at respective antennas of the multiple antennas. The present technology enables different wireless power receiver clients to have different polarizations. The wireless power transmission system can efficiently send power to the client devices by matching their polarization.

Abstract: A communication apparatus of the present disclosure comprises a first receiver which, in operation, receives a downlink data frame from a base station; a decoder which, in operation, decodes data included in the received downlink data frame; a signal generator which, when the decoded data indicates that there is no buffered traffic for the communication apparatus, generates an uplink frame that includes acknowledgement information and a wake-up radio (WUR) mode request indicating a request to transit to the WUR mode from a primary connectivity radio (PCR) mode; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits the uplink frame to the base station.

Abstract: A method of power control for mobile devices, comprising providing a power management application in a first mobile device of a plurality of mobile devices, and wirelessly sharing power among the plurality of mobile devices according to at least one of the user-selectable power sharing templates. The power management application may include a plurality of user-selectable power sharing templates that define how the plurality of mobile devices will share power between themselves. The power management application may recommend one of the plurality of power sharing templates for activities by a user of the first mobile device.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can cause an electronic device to charge or be remotely powered via a device. The device comprises multiple software enabled wireless transceivers. The device is constructed to: identify an electronic device in proximity to the device's wireless AdHoc Meshed Network; automatically add, hand off or remove the electronic device to/across/from the network; and automatically determine a charge or remote power level of the electronic device.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, a system includes a plurality of network devices comprising a plurality of ports, a power bus connecting the network devices, wherein power is shared between the network devices over the power bus, and a controller for identifying available power and allocating power to the ports. The ports include a plurality of PSE (Power Sourcing Equipment) PoE (Power over Ethernet) ports each operable to transmit power to a device connected to one of the PSE PoE ports, a plurality of PD (Powered Device) PoE ports each operable to receive power from a device connected to one of the PD PoE ports, and a plurality of bi-directional PoE ports each configurable to operate as a PSE PoE port to transmit power to a device connected to one of the bi-directional PoE ports or as a PD PoE port to receive power from the connected device.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, which comprises base and auxiliary multi point power chargers. The base multi point power charger is coupleable to an electrical energy source. The multi point power chargers are constructed to emit a plurality of directional beams. Each of the plurality of directional beams is directable toward a determined direction of an electronic device that is chargeable via the multi point power charger. The electronic device is comprised of the auxiliary multi point power charger.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can cause an electronic device to charge or be remotely powered via a device. The device comprises a wireless transceiver. The device is constructed to: identify an electronic device in proximity to the device; automatically add, hand off or remove the electronic device to/across/from the network; and automatically determine a charge or remote power level of the electronic device.

Abstract: A battery in a mobile phone cover may be selectively charged according to a user-selectable parameter. When charged, the battery in the mobile phone cover may be used to charge a battery in a mobile phone.

Abstract: Provided is device linked context identification and notification. Context data of a user profile of a user is retrieved from an external storage. The context data is analyzed to place user activities of the user and surrounding activities around the user in activity categories and to assign tags for the user activities and the surrounding activities. In response to receiving a notification that shutdown of a first device being used by the user is about to occur, current context data and historical context data are compared to determine whether the current context data for the user is one of typical and unusual and to predict a future action of the user. A device shutdown notice is sent to a second device with the current context data, the determination of whether the current context data for the user is one of typical and unusual, and the prediction of the future action.

Abstract: A simple, low-cost circuit is disclosed that provides the requisite triple redundancy for a spark protection circuit for a battery-operated device having an on-board battery charger that is intended for use in hazardous atmospheres. The circuit complies with the IEC standard for intrinsically safe products.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter includes an antenna and a processor configured to control the antenna to respectively transmit detection powers in a plurality of directions, the detection powers including a first detection power and a second detection power, the first detection power including a first direction information and identification information of the wireless power transmitter, the first detection power being transmitted in a first direction, the second detection power including a second direction information and the identification information of the wireless power transmitter, the second detection power being transmitted in a second direction different from the first direction; control to receive a communication signal including the first direction information and the identification information of the wireless power transmitter from an electronic device which received the first detection power; and based on receiving the communication signal, control the antenna to transmit power for charging in the f

Abstract: A method of coordinating wireless power transfer and data communication between a transmitter and a receiver comprising recognizing at the receiver that an energy store electrically coupled to the receiver requires an electrical charge, emitting from the receiver a beacon signal to the transmitter, the beacon signal including information about the receiver and a state of charge of the energy store, recognizing at the receiver first and second localization signals from the transmitter, establishing low-power and high-power laser beam connections between the receiver and the transmitter in response to the localization signals, and communicating further information via the low-power beam on a periodic basis while optical power is being transferred via the high-power beam. The low-power beam connection includes further information about the receiver and the state of charge of the energy store. Optical power is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver via the high-power beam.

Abstract: A self-contained disaster condition monitoring system to alert a user of one or more disaster conditions at a location via a personal electronic device includes a self-contained housing assembly having a housing unit, wherein the self-contained housing assembly is equipped with a self-contained monitoring assembly comprising at least a disaster condition sensor or a disaster condition detector. A user interface assembly is provided and is operable by a user to configure at least the sensor or the detector of the self-contained monitoring assembly. A communication assembly includes an SMS communication module configured to transmit a direct SMS alarm message to the personal electronic device upon detection of at least one disaster condition by the self-contained monitoring assembly. The system also includes a power supply assembly to provide power to at least the self-contained monitoring assembly and the communication assembly, wherein the power supply assembly includes a backup power supply.

Abstract: A communication module in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery unit; a receiving unit for receiving power from the battery unit and operating by a predetermined period in a reception standby state; and a control unit configured to accumulatively calculate an amount of current consumed according to an operation time of the receiving unit, and generate a control message for controlling a turn-off of the communication module or controlling an operation period of the receiving unit when the accumulatively calculated value exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A wireless charging system is provided. The wireless charging system includes: a wireless charging device and a wireless powered device. The wireless charging device includes a light emitter configured to emit infrared light. The wireless powered device includes a surface with a light receiver disposed thereon, where the light receiver is configured to receive the infrared light emitted from the light emitter. The light receiver is further configured to convert light energy of the received infrared light into electrical energy and supply the electrical energy to power the wireless powered device.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of determining an energy state of a system, generating a wireless energy transfer request based on the energy state, transmitting the wireless energy transfer request to another system, receiving wireless energy transfer information from the other system, performing a wireless energy exchange with the other system based on the wireless energy transfer information, and receiving a data block associated with the wireless energy exchange from the other system.

Abstract: A system includes a memory storing a battery profile corresponding to a battery identifier of a high-voltage battery of a vehicle and a processor. The processor is programmed to periodically send the battery profile to a server, and, responsive to detecting a change in the battery identifier, request the server to send a battery profile corresponding to the battery identifier as changed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method comprises: setting a first voltage level provided to a cable; operating a radio, coupled to the cable, with constant power consumption; measuring a first current level provided to the cable; setting a second voltage level provided to the cable; measuring a second current level provided to the cable; and determining a first resistance of the cable using the first and second voltage and current levels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing updates of a plurality of networked devices are disclosed. A system includes a plurality of wireless devices configured to operate using battery power, and a computing device remote from the plurality of wireless devices. The computing device is configured to wirelessly communicate with one or more of the plurality of wireless devices, determine a device list ranking the plurality of wireless devices based on respective remaining battery life of each wireless device, and sequentially update the plurality of wireless devices based on the device list.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tracking resources used by triggers such as alarms and timers that are used by mobile applications to schedule tasks and intelligently manipulating the timing of the triggers to optimize usage of resources such as, but not limited to: network, battery, CPU and/or memory are disclosed. In one embodiment, an intelligent alarm manipulator and resource tracker tracks triggers from multiple applications on a mobile device and corresponding use of resources resulting from the triggers on a mobile device. The intelligent alarm manipulator and resource tracker further determines correlations between the triggers and the corresponding use of the resources on the mobile device and manipulates, based on the correlations, timing or frequency of some or all of the triggers to optimize the use of the resources on the mobile device.

Abstract: A power transmitting unit (PTU) for wireless power transmission (WPT) includes a communication transceiver and a power controller. The communication transceiver connects a communication link with at least one power receiving unit (PRU) through legacy communication and exchanges parameters necessary for the WPT through the connected communication link. The power controller is configured to transmit, to the PRU, a PTU beacon containing information about a dedicated power slot (DPS) allocated to the PRU in a super frame including a plurality of DPSs, to receive a PRU beacon from the PRU, to extract a phase difference between a plurality of antennas by analyzing a continuous wave (CW) of the PRU beacon, and to transmit power to the PRU in the allocated DPS in consideration of the phase difference.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter performs a method for supplying power for wireless charging from the wireless power transmitter to a plurality of wireless power receivers. The wireless charging method includes allocating priorities to one or more electronic devices that connect for wireless charging, and supplying wireless power to the one or more electronic devices based on the priorities. Other embodiments may be implemented.

Abstract: A circuit for identifying a power supply may include a voltage divider to divide an identification voltage from the power supply. The output of the voltage divider is electrically coupled to an adapter identification pin of a controller to identify the power supply.

Abstract: A field device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a first processor configured to perform a process of communicating first information used for process control and a process of generating second information including a diagnosis result obtained by performing self-diagnosis of the field device, a second processor including a first wireless unit configured to perform wireless communication, the second processor being configured to request the first processor to read at least the second information and to perform a process of transmitting, from the first wireless unit, the second information obtained through the read request as a wireless signal, and a security unit configured to permit or reject a request made to the first processor by the second processor in accordance with a rule which is specified in advance.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a communications device is provided that includes a normal internal energy storage configured to supply energy to the communications device during normal operations, and a backup internal energy storage configured to supply energy to the communications device during emergency operations. The communications device is configured to, in response to detecting that a state of charge of the normal internal energy storage has reached a predetermined level, switch from the normal operations mode to the emergency operations mode and switch from consuming power from the normal internal energy storage to consuming power from the backup internal energy storage.

Abstract: A repeater system includes a first RF repeater device arranged in a first topology of a network of RF repeater devices, to communicate with one or more second RF repeater devices in the network of RF repeater devices to service a source node and destination nodes in a wireless network. The first RF repeater device detects a change in a network condition in wireless network between source node and the destination nodes. Based on the detected change in network condition, the one or more second RF repeater devices are controlled in network of RF repeater devices to re-configure the first topology of network of RF repeater devices to a second topology. The re-configuration of first topology of network of RF repeater devices to second topology is executed to continue to service source node and the destination nodes in the wireless network in the changed network condition.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, a wireless communications device of an information handling system may receive wireless power from a wireless charging unit, coupled to a wireless docking device; in response to receiving the wireless power from the wireless charging unit, the wireless communications device of the information handling system may establish wireless communications with a wireless communications device of the wireless charging unit; the wireless communications device of the information handling system may wirelessly receive information from the wireless communications device of the wireless charging unit; the wireless communications device of the information handling system may provide the information to an embedded controller of the information handling system; and the embedded controller may perform an action associated with the information handling system.

Abstract: A process and system allowing mobile users to initiate a two-way text message (SMS) conversation with a subscriber's computer. The steps consist of using a mobile user's mobile device to send a SMS containing a keyword and short code to a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), receiving an SMS reply containing an Individual Identification Code Numbers (IICN) which establishes two-way SMS communication between mobile user and business/subscriber. The invention further establishes IICN network which allows businesses to create-a SMS network, previously only available with voice phone networks, providing the Mobile User with the options of auto SMS replay, SMS conversation transfer, or interactive two-way SMS communication with a live SMS operator.