Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a method and system for providing motion biofeedback to a user while the user performs an activity. The biofeedback can occur in real time or after discrete points in time (e.g., after a drive phase or maximum velocity phase). The method includes receiving, from a detection device, first and second motion data corresponding to ground contact force and to force vector angle of the ground contact, respectively; comparing, by a processor, the first motion data to an ideal ground contact force value. The ideal ground contact force value may be an indicator of improved performance. The method includes comparing the second motion data to an ideal force vector angle value. The ideal force vector angle value may be an indicator of improved form. The method includes generating user feedback corresponding to adjustments in ground contact force and force vector angle based on the comparisons.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for generating a 3D avatar or instructions for movement of robotic limbs using a biomechanical analysis of observed actions with a focus on representing actions through computer-generated 3D avatars or instructions for movement of robotic limbs. Physical quantities of biomechanical actions can be measured from the observations, and the system can analyze these values, compare them to target or optimal values, and use the observations and known biomechanical capabilities to generate 3D avatars or instructions for movement of robotic limbs.

Abstract: A system having sensor modules and a computing device. Each sensor module has an inertial measurement unit configured to track its orientation. In a kinematic chain, multiple rigid parts of a user are connected via joints. At least one rigid part is not independently tracked using sensor modules. The computing device computes the estimates of the orientation of the rigid part, separately using an artificial neural network model or using assumed orientation relations. During a sequence of actions performed by the user, orientation estimates produced by one technique can be more accurate than another technique at some time instances, but less accurate at other time instances. An artificial neural network is trained to classify the accuracy the estimates and/or to combine the estimates to provide improved orientation estimates for the duration of the sequence of actions.

Abstract: A putting cup includes an exterior housing configured to be disposed within a putting hole on a putting green and an interior core configured to be inserted into and attached to the exterior housing while the exterior housing is disposed within the putting hole. At least a portion of the interior core is at least partially translucent and defines an interior compartment for housing electronic components for illuminating the interior core. The electronic components include at least one battery electrically coupled to a printed circuit board, at least one light-emitting diode electrically coupled to the PCB and a dimmer circuit for periodically interrupting electrical power to the at least one LED to extend the battery life. A custom tool attaches the interior core to the exterior housing and detaches the interior core from the exterior housing while the exterior housing is disposed within the putting hole on the putting green.

Abstract: A golf hole illumination device is provided which when positioned in an as used position in the bottom of a cup descending below the golf hole, will illuminate the golf hole with light emitters. The light emitters can be positioned within the material forming the transparent body which forms a barrier to protect them from moisture and dirt.

Abstract: A medication confirmation method and apparatus. The method of an embodiment of the invention includes the steps of capturing one or more video sequences of a user administering medication via a medication administration apparatus, storing the captured one or more video sequences, and analyzing at least one of the stored video sequences to confirm that the user has properly administered the medication, and has properly positioned the medication administration apparatus.

Abstract: An evaluation unit is provided for processing images and/or image sequences of measurement areas (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) that are detectable on a crash test vehicle (4). Transmitted images and/or image sequences from at least one measurement sensor are utilizable. Additionally, image fusion apparatus is provided to produce digital image fusion of images and/or image sequences as image data (38, 40) of the same measurement area (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18). An evaluation method, a measurement system for a crash test vehicle measurement and a method for performing a crash test vehicle measurement also are provided.

Abstract: A machine that can be selectively configured to exercise most any muscle group. The exercise machine has a large platform that supports both the elements of the exercise machine and the person exercising. A post extends upwardly from the platform. A hub rides along the length of the vertical post. At least one arm extends from the hub. Receptacles are disposed on the platform and the arms. Gimbaled connectors are provided. Each gimbaled connector is capable of being selectively received by any of the receptacles. Each gimbaled connector holds a free moving anchor post. Elastic resistive elements are provided. The first end of any elastic resistive element in use selectively interconnects with the anchor post within any gimbaled connector. The opposite second end of the elastic resistive element is connected to a garment element that is worn by the person exercising.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a conditioning apparatus for conditioning a user includes a target, and an illumination source spaced apart from the target. The illumination source is configured to project a light upon the target for use in response to movement of the user.

Abstract: A data comparison apparatus 1 includes: an image acquisition unit 42 that acquires data of a plurality of motions; an interval identification unit 45 that identifies a predetermined interval that is common in data of the plurality of motions; a time period comparison unit 47 that compares the plurality of motions in the identified predetermined interval; and a notification unit 50 that notifies information corresponding to a comparison result of the time period comparison unit 47.

Abstract: A training device has a base unit configured to provide sensory feedback to a user and a belt unit configured to be worn by the user and emit signals toward the base unit. An electronic system housed in the base unit detects the signals emitted by the belt unit and provides sensory feedback indicating the angular alignment of the belt unit with respect to the base unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a body-worn sensor-based system for evaluating the biomechanics and the motor adaptation characteristics of postural control during a sport activity such as a golf swing. Various embodiments use sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to measure the three-dimensional motion of ankle and hip joints. In several embodiments, additional sensors attached to other body segments are used to improve the accuracy of the data or detect particular instants during the swing (e.g., top of back swing, instant of the maximum speed of arm, and instant of ball impact). In a golf embodiment, the system combines the measured data in conjunction with a biomechanical model of the human body to: (1) estimate the two-dimensional sway of the golfer's center of mass; (2) quantify and evaluate the golfer's balance via his/her postural compensatory strategy; and (3) provide visual feedback to the golfer for improving dynamic postural control.

Abstract: A system for visually superimposing a first image that may be in motion over and/or under a second image that may be in motion, the system including at least one generating device to provide a first image and a second image, a display device to display the first image and second image superimposed with each other, and an adjustment device for reconfiguring the first image and/or the second image to a size in agreement with a non-adjusted first image and/or second image, to a size in agreement with the display device, and/or to a size acceptable by a user. The first image or the second image is displayed in a different media than the other image to allow for a distinction to be made between movements occurring in both images. A method for visually superimposing a first image that may be in motion over and/or under a second image that may be in motion is further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a golf shot set up and aiming aid. The aid comprises a direction sensing means (104) and at least one illumination means (106), whereby the illumination means is capable of projecting a set-up line (200, 202) and aiming line (230, 204) on a playing surface for the user, and, the illumination means is rotatable about a substantially vertical axis (110) in response to feedback from the direction sensing means. In this manner, after acquisition of an intended target by the user along an imaginary target line, the direction sensing means can be used to detect if the aid is moved or rotated in such a manner as to no longer face towards the intended target. If so, the illumination device which is rotatable will be turned to account for any rotation imparted to the aid. Therefore, once the target has been acquired, the user can place the aid onto the ground without worrying about rotating the aid inadvertently as the aid is placed on the ground.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a method for determining the effectiveness of a golfer's swing without the requirement of the club head making contact with a golf ball. More specifically, the present invention relates to a measurement and analysis system comprising a first module that attaches to the club head and captures measurement receiver signal strength data during the entire swing time line and may capture motional data on same time line, further first module wirelessly communicates bi-directionally with a second module that is further connected to a user interface device and computational engine where feedback results are derived and conveyed to the golfer. The system provides comprehensive feedback for a swing characterization time line referenced to the spatial domain using receiver signal strength measurements that may be in combination with motional and dynamics orientation measurements.

Abstract: The system analyses a golf swing, determining individual joint powers generated in a player's body with high levels of accuracy, using inverse dynamics and detailed modelling of the player's body. A depth camera is used to measure body segment shapes and a magnetic motion capture system and 3D force plate system used to measure swing parameters. The system produces an expeditious analysis without the need for highly skilled technical personnel and is suitable for individual coaching and compilation of large golf swing databases.

Abstract: A golf fitting apparatus can comprise a component option analyzer configured to calculate, based on physical characteristic information of an individual: (a) an initial component option group for a plurality of club components, the initial component option group comprising a first initial component option for a first club component, and a second initial component option for a second club component, (b) a first optimal component option for the first club component based on first golf shot data of a first test club having the first initial component option; and (c) a second optimal component option for the second club component based on second golf shot data of a second test club having the first optimal component option and the second initial component option. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention is a golf swing training aid having a takeaway bar, a spine angle alignment guide, a position “A” bar, and a hands placement guide. The takeaway bar may be connected adjacent an end of the spine alignment guide. The apparatus is adjustable, and is suitable for practicing with every club in the bag, from the driver to the putter to improve distance and consistency. The apparatus may be used on the ground or a mat at a driving range.

Abstract: A broadcasting system for broadcasting images with augmented motion data, which includes at least one camera, a computer and a wireless communication interface. The system obtains data from motion capture elements, analyzes data and optionally stores data in database for use in broadcasting applications, virtual reality applications and/or data mining. The system also recognizes at least one motion capture data element associated with a user or piece of equipment, and receives data associated with the motion capture element via the wireless communication interface. The system also enables unique displays associated with the user, such as 3D overlays onto images of the user to visually depict the captured motion data. Ratings, compliance, ball flight path data can be calculated and displayed, for example on a map or timeline or both. Furthermore, the system enables performance related equipment fitting and purchase.

Abstract: The present invention is a golf swing training aid having a takeaway bar, a spine angle alignment guide, a position “A” bar, and a hands placement guide. The takeaway bar may be connected adjacent an end of the spine alignment guide. The apparatus is adjustable, and is suitable for practicing with every club in the bag, from the driver to the putter to improve distance and consistency. The apparatus may be used on the ground or a mat at a driving range.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for measuring and analyzing movements of a body and for communicating information related to such body movements over a network. In certain embodiments, a system gathers biometric and biomechanical data relating to positions, orientations, and movements of various body parts of a user performed during sports activities, physical rehabilitation, or military or law enforcement activities. The biometric and biomechanical data can be communicated to a local and/or remote interface, which uses digital performance assessment tools to provide a performance evaluation to the user. The performance evaluation may include a graphical representation (e.g., a video), statistical information, and/or a comparison to another user and/or instructor. In some embodiments, the biometric and biomechanical data is communicated wirelessly to one or more devices including a processor, display, and/or data storage medium for further analysis, archiving, and data mining.

Abstract: A golf training device may include a base having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface for placing on a surface; a ball positioning sensor positioned adjacent to the top surface; and a light source for transmitting visible light from the base, the light source being in operable communication with the ball positioning sensor to respond to a signal from the ball positioning sensor that a ball has been moved from a resting position to transmit light for a finite predetermined period of time after the ball is moved from the resting position. A method of training may include receiving a ball on a training device in a resting position; detecting the presence of the ball on the top surface; detecting that the ball has been moved; transmitting light from a light source for a predetermined period of time in response to detecting that the ball has been moved.

Abstract: A golf training apparatus which aids golfers in perfecting their swing and associated body movements comprises a cushion and posts mounted to a frame which restricts a golfer's movement while in a golf stance and during a golf swing in order to develop a proper golf swing technique. A set of bars help the user to feel the proper rotation of their hips during a swing while avoiding unwanted lateral movement. The apparatus also comprises adjustable rods which extend sideways and forwardly from the frame to help a golfer to practice their swing path by keeping the swing within the rods. A golf ball alignment bar is located at a middle location at the base of the frame to help the golfer to consistently place the ball in the proper position prior to the golf swing.

Abstract: A protruding device is used to encumber a user's ability to maneuver his/her hips beyond its position while executing/simulating a golf swing. The protruding device comprises a telescopic beam, having a ball affixed to one end and a pointed, coaxial, coned tip affixed to the other. Additionally, options exist for attachment to a weighted base, specifically designed for indoor application or operability on non-penetrable surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention is a golf training aid designed to completely and effectively instruct a golfer how to setup for a successful golf shot. The golf training aid includes a substrate having a predetermined geometrical shape, preferably rectangular, having visual indices, preferably imprinted on a top surface of the substrate, to aid the golfer in addressing a golf ball or setting up to execute a golf shot. The visual indices include a plurality of club head/ball alignment indices, a hand alignment indicator, a feet alignment indicator, an eye alignment indicator, a stance width indicator, and a directional indicator.

Abstract: An X-factor feedback apparatus senses three-dimensional direction information of the shoulder and the pelvis in a golf swing motion of a user, collects, synchronizes and stores the sensed three-dimensional direction information, analyzes the change of angle in the three-dimensional direction information based on the stored data information, extracts a backswing top point in the swing motion, evaluates the degree of twist of the shoulder and the pelvis based on the angle in the three-dimensional direction information of the shoulder and the pelvis at the backswing top point, and provides a feedback to the user.

Abstract: This swing trainer is a full swing trainer designed to produce what is known in golf vernacular as “the classic swing”. Its attributes are as follows: It trains both the back swing and the forward swing. The golfer can hit balls with it at a driving range, or practice his swing in his garage or yard without actually hitting balls. It assembles in less than one minute and can be broken down and transported in a canvas “chair-type” bag. It adjusts for the skill and the height of the golfer, and for right or left-handed golfers. When the golf club is properly gripped and swung along the paths dictated by the guidelines of this swing trainer, an ideal ball flight is produced. Its most effective feature is the visual images provided for the golfer of the proper paths for the club head.

Abstract: A portable golf alignment training aid comprises a pair of telescoping sticks that can be extended to different lengths and optionally connected together. The telescoping sticks can be easily stored and transported in a pocket of a conventional golf bag.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method for measuring or analyzing a golf swing. Measurement or analysis is made relative to energy generation and transfer through a player's body and club. The measurement or analysis data is principally obtained from the player's ground-reaction forces. Processed signals are analyzed with an artificial intelligence system. Ground-reaction forces relate to reaction forces which occur between a standing surface and the player's feet. The apparatus and method measures or analyses a golf swing in an automatic manner or in an automatic and interactive manner.

Abstract: A golf swing instruction device is provided that includes first and second members, each being moveable with respect to one another by way of coupling arms coupled there between. Positioning members, for a golfer's feet and the golf ball, may be moved along a length of the first and second members to help position the golfer with respect to the ball. The first and second members may be positioned next to one another, may be moved away from each other on a first end or on an opposing second end, or may be moved away from one another on both ends such that first and second members are spaced apart from one another. In these configurations, the device assists the golfer in shaping a golf shot, such as a straight shot, fade, draw or putt.

Abstract: A infrared method and apparatus for the kinematic analysis of a golfer is disclosed. The method includes selectively positioning a plurality of infrared markers on a golfer, and optionally on a golf club. Images of the golfer may be acquired before, during, and after he/she swings the golf club. The images may be analyzed to determine the kinematic characteristics of the movement of the golfer's body parts. A kinematic analysis of the golfer's body parts may then be correlated with a kinematic analysis of the golf club. The method and apparatus disclosed herein provide the advantage of allowing a golfer's movement to be correlated with a kinematic analysis of their golf swing while minimizing the physical restrictions on the golfer's movement.

Abstract: A training device used by a golfer to visually analyze their body position during their golf swing. The device generally includes a base with a first indicator, and a front plate with a second indicator. In use, the device is positioned in front of the golfer with the first and second indicators being visually aligned. The golfer visually watches the relative positions of the indicators during the course of the swing. By observing the degree of sway in real time, the golfer can limit sway in the back swing and control it on the downswing enabling the golfer to stay behind the ball thus making proper impact possible. Some sway during the golf swing is inevitable. The device enables the golfer to have awareness of the degree and direction of sway and the dynamic timing of sway position at impact.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for matching a test golfer with a particular golf club selected from a group of golf clubs having a plurality of styles. The method utilizes data set derived in an initial procedure in which the club style preferences for each of a large number of pre-test golfers is recorded and correlated with a set of performance parameters for the golf swings of such pre-test golfers. This data enables the pre-test golfers to be classified into subgroups, in which golfers within the same subgroup generally prefer the same club style and golfers in different subgroups generally prefer different club styles. After this data set has been established, the test golfer takes a golf swing with a golf club, while performance parameters for the swing are measured. Based on the measured performance parameters and the previously established data set, the test golfer is classified according to swing type, and the optimum golf-club is then selected from the plurality of styles of golf clubs.

Abstract: This disclosure relates a system and method for posture correcting, which will provide intuitive correction information so that a user can correct a posture when exercising golf swing. The posture correcting system photographs successive sports swing postures of a user to form swing image data, forms a swing image for a specific posture of the user by using the swing image data, stores a reference swing image corresponding to the swing image, compares the swing image with the reference swing image to produce a correction image showing whether the swing image is in agreement with the reference swing image, and displays the correction image.

Abstract: A method of golf instruction utilizing a schematic represented by a plurality of vertical, diagonal and circular lines which demonstrate a preferred golf swing. A video recorder, processor and monitor can be used to record the golf swing of a student aligned within the schematic. Corrections to the students swing can be made based on the deviation from the schematic. Additionally, the flight path of the ball can be determined based upon the deviation from the schematic and the adjusted flight path can be displayed.

Abstract: A broadcasting system for broadcasting images with augmented motion data, which includes at least one camera, a computer and a wireless communication interface. The system obtains data from motion capture elements, analyzes data and optionally stores data in database for use in broadcasting applications, virtual reality applications and/or data mining. The system also recognizes at least one motion capture data element associated with a user or piece of equipment, and receives data associated with the motion capture element via the wireless communication interface. The system also enables unique displays associated with the user, such as 3D overlays onto images of the user to visually depict the captured motion data. Ratings, compliance, ball flight path data can be calculated and displayed, for example on a map or timeline or both. Furthermore, the system enables performance related equipment fitting and purchase.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method, apparatus, system and computer program product for analysing video images of a sports motion and, in particular, to identification of key motion positions within a video and automatic extraction of segments of a video containing a sports motion. Video data displaying a sports motion comprises data representative of a number of image frames. For a number of image frames, one or more frame difference measures are calculated between the image frame and another image frame. The frame difference measures are analysed to identify a plurality of image frames that each show a key position of the sports motion. The segment of the video containing the sports motion showing the sports motion is between two of the image frames showing the key positions. Frame difference measures may be calculated based on pixel difference measures or optical flow techniques.

Abstract: A golf swing monitoring and feedback system uses an adjustable support and foam ball that are variably positionable in contact with or closely spaced from a body part whose proper positioning is important in developing a proper swing. The support apparatus includes a main vertically adjustable tubular body, the lower end of which can be supported in a stand-up golf bag or can be pressed into the ground by the use of a spike on the lower end of the body.

Abstract: A putting training device includes a base having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface for placing on a putting surface. The top surface is a tapered surface tapering to the putting surface. A ball receiving recess can be defined on the top surface. The device also includes a ball positioning sensor positioned adjacent to the ball receiving recess and a light source for transmitting light visible from the top surface of the base. The light source is in operable communication with the ball positioning sensor to respond to a signal from the ball positioning sensor that a ball has been impacted from the ball receiving recess. When the light source receives the signal from the ball positioning sensor, the light source will transmit light for a finite predetermined period of time after the ball is impacted from the ball receiving recess.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a method for determining the effectiveness of a golfer's swing without the requirement of the club head making contact with a golf ball. More specifically, the present invention relates to a measurement and analysis system comprising a first module that attaches to the club head and captures measurement receiver signal strength data during the entire swing time line and may capture motional data on same time line, further first module wirelessly communicates bi-directionally with a second module that is further connected to a user interface device and computational engine where feedback results are derived and conveyed to the golfer. The system provides comprehensive feedback for a swing characterization time line referenced to the spatial domain using receiver signal strength measurements that may be in combination with motional and dynamics orientation measurements.

Abstract: A training device for detecting improper or proper form for batting and pitching. The present invention makes use of two sensors that will detect the positioning of the user during the pitching or batting motion. The invention helps detect whether the user is “lunging” or “rushing” and encourages users to keep their upper body back during the motion of pitching or batting. The present invention can also be used for other sports that require users to perform similar body mechanics.

Abstract: A portable, expandable golf training device that can be placed on the ground to provide alignment. The present invention can supply a plurality of light beams produced by lasers or other light sources or a plurality of extendable tapes or tubes or rods to provide alignment both in the direction of play and perpendicular to it. The device can be used by placing it on the ground in front of the golfer (between the golfer's feet and the ball. Two lines can project outward perpendicular to the direction of play, and two or four lines can project into and away from the direction of play. These lines provide alignment for the golfer. The tapes can be a flat, elongated flexible tape similar to a measuring tape. The rods or tubes can be extendable and/or telescoping.

Abstract: Disclosed is a golf tee that is adapted to support a golf ball atop a perch and provide a ground stake for entering the ground, while further providing an elongated alignment arm that extends from a shank section below the tapering perch region. The arm is a perpendicular member that the golfer directs down range and toward a target location. Upon addressing a ball perched on the tee, the golfer utilizes the alignment arm as a means to establish a correct body alignment with respect to the intended target, wherein the golfer aligns his or her shoulders with the alignment arm to ensure proper setup and alignment prior to the golf swing movement. Proper body alignment is a critical first step to enabling a directed tee shot. The alignment arm further comprises a direction arrow to assist positioning the arm in the correct orientation with respect to the course layout.

Abstract: A golf putter comprising a body including a front face, and a rearward member joined to and extending rearwardly from the body and comprising a lower region, and a first cleat and a second cleat extending downwardly from the lower region. The first and second cleats may be positioned to extend downwardly along first and second cleat axes, such that a line segment extending between the cleat axes is parallel to the front face of the club body. The putter may be further comprised of a shaft joined to a top portion of the body and having a central axis which intersects a line segment extending from a junction of the first cleat with the lower region of the rearward member to a junction of the second cleat with the lower region of the rearward member. The central axis of the shaft may be substantially perpendicular to the line segment.

Abstract: A golf training device comprising a cylindrical body having a proximal end and a distal end, a groove formed in the cylindrical body, and a roll ring configured to circumscribe the cylindrical body by releasably engaging the groove.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for training a user to improve their ability to perform complex athletic movements, such as are involved in a golf swing. A plurality of sensing modules are each effective to detect movement of associated body parts of the user and to generate an output signal representative of the detected movement. A controller is linked to each of the sensing modules so as to receive the output signals from the plurality of sensing modules and is further configured to detect movement combinations of the plurality of output signals, compare the detected movement combinations with a predetermined one or more expected movement combinations associated with a complex athletic movement, and generate an output signal such as an audible signal or vibration to the user in substantially real time based on the comparison and a predetermined output mode.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for substantially real time disengaging of undesirable conscious brain influence during a complex athletic movement such as for example a golf swing. A plurality of sensing modules detect movements of an associated body part of a user. A controller is linked to each of the sensing modules and configured to identify a predetermined movement combination with respect to each of the plurality of sensing modules, such as in the golfing example a downswing. Upon identifying the predetermined movement combination, a timer is triggered for tolling of a predetermined time period, and upon lapsing of the time period, a sensory output signal is generated to the user in substantially real time. Through repetition, the conscious brain becomes trained to focus on the desired time period for completion of the complex movement and is disengaged from further interference with other aspects of the movement.

Abstract: The disclosure sets forth an apparatus and method for use in training a golf player in the proper stance for swinging in full rotation, as well as for teaching direction putting skills. Specifically, the invention focuses upon training a golf player to assume a correct stance and posture from the point of addressing the ball through the swing and follow-through by employing a positioning item for a golf player's lower posterior, back, and head.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a method for determining the effectiveness of a golfer's swing without the requirement of the club head making contact with a golf ball. More specifically, the present invention relates to a measurement and analysis system comprising a first module that attaches to the club head and captures measurement data and relative position data during the entire swing, further first module wirelessly communicates bi-directionally with a second module that is further connected to a user interface device and computational engine where feedback results are calculated and conveyed to the golfer. The system provides comprehensive feedback for swing characterization including detailed swing timing metrics, dynamic club head orientation and motion metrics and dynamics shaft action metrics all referenced to the spatial domain.

Abstract: A golf stance training device is provided for preventing lateral movement of a golfer during a golf swing. Structurally, the device includes a platform for supporting a foot or the golfer and a support for contacting and preventing lateral movement of the golfer's leg. When used on the golfer's rearward leg, the device abuts the forward side of the golfer's foot and the rearward side of the golfer's leg to prevent rearward movement of the rearward leg. When used on the golfer's forward leg, the device abuts the forward side of the golfer's foot and the forward side of the golfer's leg to prevent forward movement of the forward leg.