Abstract: A glass composition substantially comprising silicon oxide, calcium oxide and aluminum oxide, and its use for producing gems.

Abstract: Ultraviolet ray absorbent colored glass for buildings and vehicles, which consists essentially of from 65 to 75 wt % of SiO.sub.2, from 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 , from 10 to 18 wt % of Na.sub.2 O, from 0 to 5 wt % of K.sub.2 O, from 5 to 15 wt % of CaO, from 1 to 6 wt % of MgO, from 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of SO.sub.3, from 0.08 to 0.20 wt % of vanadium as calculated as V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from 0.36 to 0.65 wt % of MnO.sub.2, from 0 to 0.0020 wt % of CoO and from 0.06 to 0.18 wt % of iron as calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein from 0 to 10 wt % of the total iron content is FeO.

Abstract: The invention concerns compositions of colored glasses intended for the manufacture of glazing panes suitable for mounting in an automobile vehicle. The panes are of silico-sodo-calcic glasses having a total energy transmission factor (T.sub.E) less than the light transmission factor under illuminant A (TL.sub.A), the factor T.sub.E being from 10 to 48% and the factor TL.sub.A from 20 to 60 % for a thickness of 3.85 mm; these glasses comprise (in % by weight), as coloring agents, from 0.45 to 2.5% of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (total iron), from 0.001 to 0.02% of CoO, from 0 to 0.0025% of Se and from 0 to 0.1% of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A neutral gray, heat absorbing soda-lime-silica glass having at 4 mm. control thickness a light transmittance using illuminant A of 10.0% to 55.0%, ultra violet transmittance less than 25.0%, and infra red transmittance is less than about 50.0% produced with colorants consisting of 0.90 to 1.90 percent by weight total iron oxide as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.002 to 0.025 percent Co, 0.0010 to 0.0060 percent Se, 0.10 to 1.0 percent MnO.sub.2, and 0 to 1.0 percent TiO.sub.2. The flat glass products having such a composition is particularly suitable for use as a privacy glass or sun roof product in trucks and automobiles.

Abstract: An infrared and ultraviolet absorbing soda-lime-silica glass of a neutral tint containing 0.3% to 0.7% by weight total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, together with amounts of Se, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 and a ferrous iron content to provide a ratio of ferrous iron to total iron in the range of 21 to 34. NiO and TiO.sub.2 may be added to the glass. The resultant glass, in a nominal 4 mm thickness, has a visible light transmission of at least 70% and a direct solar heat transmission at least 12 percentage points below the visible light transmission. The iron in the glass is preferably provided by the inclusion of the mineral wuestite in the glass batch formulation.

Abstract: A color package is disclosed that provides a light ivory tint in potassium fluorrichterite glass-ceramic materials containing a cristobalite secondary crystal phase. The package includes Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiO, Se and, optionally, cobalt oxide within limited ranges.

Abstract: A transparent or translucent inorganic material, especially a glass-ceramic and/or composite material, is provided with a low average thermal longitudinal expansion coefficient, .alpha., of from -1.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1 to +2.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1 in the temperature range of -50.degree.-700.degree. C., with the following composition (in weight percent):Li.sub.2 O, 2.5-6.0; Na.sub.2 O, 0-4.0; K.sub.2 O, 0-4.0; Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, 0.2-4.0; MgO, 0-3.0; ZnO, 0-3.0; BaO, 0-3.5; CaO, 0-1.0; SrO, 0-1.0; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 18-28; SiO.sub.2, 50-70; TiO.sub.2, 1.0-7.0; ZrO.sub.2, 0-3.5; TiO.sub.2 +ZrO.sub.2, 1.0-7.0; and P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-8.0,optionally with coloring components (in weight percent):V.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-2.0; Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2.0; MnO, 0-2.0; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2.0; CoO, 0-2.0; and NiO, 0-2.0,optionally, conventional refining agents, such as As.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, NaCl, and Ce.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A transparent, fixed tint glass lens is provided having a thickness of between about 1.0 mm and about 1.8 mm and which is derived from an alkali silicate composition containing, in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis, at least 6.2% iron oxides, at least 0.03% cobalt oxide and at least 0.12% nickel oxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as arsenic oxide. Preferably, the lenses have a transmittance of not more than 1% of ultraviolet radiation at 380 nm.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of a transparent glass which, in a thickness of 4 mm, exhibits a champagne color as defined by chromaticity coordinates (Illuminant C) within the ranges______________________________________ x 0.3166-0.3281 y 0.3211-0.3305 Y 77-88, ______________________________________said glass consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.05-0.25% iron oxide, expressed in terms of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, >25-175 ppm nickel oxide, expressed in terms of NiO, and >10-100 ppm Se in a soda lime silicate base composition.

Abstract: A heat absorbing, neutral gray to green, soda-lime-silica glass having at 4 mm. control thickness a light transmittance using illuminant A of 10.0% to 60.0%, ultra violet transmittance less than 25.0%, infra red transmittance is less than about 50.0%, and the purity of excitation is less than 6.0% which is produced from colorants consisting of 0.90 to 1.90 percent by weight total iron oxide as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0,002 to 0.025 percent Co, 0.0010 to 0.0060 percent Se, and 0.1 to 2.0 percent TiO.sub.2. The flat glass products having such a composition is particularly suitable for use as a privacy glass or sun roof product in trucks and automobiles.

Abstract: Marble-like glass ceramic which consists essentially of, by weight percent, 50-75% SiO.sub.2, 1-15% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 6-16.5% CaO, 0.1-5% Li.sub.2 O, 0-1.5% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-17.5% CaO+Li.sub.2 O+B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2.5-12% ZnO, 0-12% BaO, 0.1-15% Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, and 0-10% coloring agents, said ceramic comprising .beta.-wollastonite precipitated as a major crystal. The coloring agents comprises at least one selected from a group of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiO, CoO, MnO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and CuO. The marble-like glass ceramic may further comprises at least one of As.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 of up to 1% as refining agents, at least one of up to 1.5% MgO and up to 1.5% SrO so as to improve meltability of the glass, and at least one of up to 1% TiO.sub.2, up to 1% ZrO.sub.2, and up to 1% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 so as to make the glass stable and less devitrifiable.

Abstract: A transparent glass which, at a thickness of 2 mm, transmits less than 1% of ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 380 nm and exhibits a brown fixed tint bounded by apices A, B, D, F, A of the drawing, a purity between 48-70%, and a dominant wavelength between 580-588 nm, said glass having a composition consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 65-72 CaO 0-5.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 3-8 ZnO 0-4 Na.sub.2 O 6-10 CaO + ZnO 2-5.5 K.sub.2 O 7-12 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 3-5 Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 15-20 Se 0.01-2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-4 NiO 0-0.12.

Abstract: A neutral, dark gray, soda-lime-silica glass having luminous transmittance less than 35 percent, infrared transmittance less than 20 percent, and total solar energy transmittance less than 22 percent (all at 3.9 millimeter thickness) is produced with colorants consisting essentially of 1.0 to 2.2 percent by weight total iron, at least 0.20 percent FeO, 0.01 to 0.03 percent CoO, and 0.0005 to 0.005 percent Se. The flat glass product having such a composition is particularly suitable for use as privacy glazing. The use of the glass as a substrate for a reflectively coated product is also disclosed. A low transmittance, reflective coated article is disclosed comprising a soda-lime-silica glass substrate having luminous transmittance less than 35 percent, infrared transmittance less than 20 percent, and total solar energy transmittance less than 22 percent (all at 3.

Abstract: A green tinted, ultraviolet absorbing glass is disclosed having a standard soda-lime-silica base glass composition and a colorant portion consisting essentially of on a weight basis: less than 2.0% total CeO.sub.2, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, TiO.sub.2 or MoO.sub.3 and greater than 0.7% total iron (expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) with the ratio of FeO/total iron less than 0.35.The glass reduces the amount of costly cerium required to yield low ultraviolet transmittance, viz., no greater than 31 percent (300 to 390 nanometers) at a reference thickness of 3.9 millimeters.

Abstract: An infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass suitable for use in building and vehicle windows, which comprises, on a weight basis, 68-74% of SiO.sub.2, 0.1-3.0% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 8-11% of CaO, 2.0-4.5% of MgO, 11.5-16.0% of Na.sub.2 O, 0.5-3.0% of K.sub.2 O, 0.1-0.4% of SO.sub.3, 0.10-0.55% of total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.2-0.6% of CeO.sub.2, 0.3-14 ppm of CoO and 5-20 ppm of Se. In the glass the ratio of ferrous iron to ferric iron is in the range from 0.17 to 0.55. The glass has a bronzy tint and is well balanced in visible light transmittance, infrared radiation absorption and ultraviolet radiation absorption, and a sheet of the glass can be easily tempered by a conventional method.

Abstract: A transparent, fixed tint glass lens is provided having a thickness of between about 1.0 mm and about 1.8 mm and which is derived from an alkali silicate composition containing, in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis, at least 6.2% iron oxides, at least 0.03% cobalt oxide and at least 0.12% nickel oxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as arsenic oxide. Preferably, the lenses have a transmittance of not more than 1% of ultraviolet radiation at 380 nm.

Abstract: An infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass suitable for use in building and vehicle windows, which comprises, on a weight basis, 68-74% of SiO.sub.2, 0.1-3.0% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 8-11% of CaO, 2-4.5% of MgO, 11.5-16% of Na.sub.2 O, 0.5-3.0% of K.sub.2 O, 0.1-0.4% of SO.sub.3, 0.10-0.55% of total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.2-0.6% of CeO.sub.2, 15-35 ppm of CoO and 2-18 ppm of Se. In the glass the ratio of ferrous iron to ferric iron is in the range from 0.17 to 0.55. The glass has a neutral grayish tint and is well balanced in visible light transmittance, infrared radiation absorption and ultraviolet radiation absorption, and a sheet of the glass can be easily tempered by a conventional method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a colored glass composition for producing glazings for use, e.g., as automobile sunroofs. The colored glass according to the invention is a soda-lime-silica glass comprising, as coloring agents, 1.4 to 4% iron oxide expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0 to 0.05% cobalt oxide, with the cobalt oxide exceeding about 0.02% when the Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is below about 2% and, optionally, selenium and chromium oxide, whereby the sum of the CoO+Se+Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 is preferably less than about 0.24% by weight. The glass of the invention has a total light transmission factor under illuminant A equal to or below approximately 20% and a total energy transmission factor equal to or below approximately 12% for a thickness of 3.85 mm.

Abstract: A soda-lime glass containing vanadium which can be produced by the float process with high UV absorption for wavelengths below 350 nm. The glass comprises 70 to 74 weight % SiO.sub.2, 0 to 2 weight % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.1 weight % or less Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 0.15 weight % TiO.sub.2, 7.5 to 10 weight % CaO, 3.5 to 5.4 weight % MgO, 12 to 15 weight % Na.sub.2 O, 0 to 1 weight % K.sub.2 O, 0 to 0.02 weight % BaO, 0.1 to 0.3 weight % SO.sub.3, 3 to 7 weight ppm CoO and 0.1 to 0.3 weight % V.sub.2 O.sub.5.

Abstract: A neutral gray, heat absorbing soda-lime-silica glass having at 4 mm. control thickness a light transmittance using illuminant A of 10.0% to 55.0%, ultra violet transmittance less than 25.0%, and infra red transmittance is less than about 50.0% produced with colorants consisting of 0.90 to 1.90 percent by weight total iron oxide as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.002 to 0.025 percent Co, 0.0010 to 0.0060 percent Se, 0.10 to 1.0 percent MnO.sub.2, and 0 to 1.0 percent TiO.sub.2. The flat glass products having such a composition is particularly suitable for use as a privacy glass or sun roof product in trucks and automobiles.

Abstract: An infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass suitable for use in building and vehicle windows, which comprises, on a weight basis, 68.0-73.0% SiO.sub.2, 0.1-3.0% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 7.0-11.0% CaO, 2.0-4.2% MgO, 12.0-16.0% Na.sub.2 O, 0.5-3.0% K.sub.2 O, 0.02-0.30% SO.sub.3, 0.30-0.90% total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.10-0.80% CeO.sub.2, 0-1.0% TiO.sub.2, 0-0.5% ZnO, 0-0.1% MnO and 0-0.01% CoO. In the glass the ratio of ferrous iron to ferric iron is from 0.8 to 2.5. The glass has a bluish tint and is well balanced in visible light transmittance, infrared radiation absorption and ultraviolet radiation absorption, and a sheet of the glass can easily be tempered by a conventional method. In producing this glass, it is favorable to use cullet of a frit glass in which the ratio of ferrous iron to ferric iron is from 2.0 to 5.0 as a part of a batch of glass compostion to be melted.

Abstract: Glass for vehicles comprising from 65 to 80% by weight of SiO.sub.2, from 0 to 5% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 5% by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 10% by weight of MgO, from 5 to 15% by weight of CaO, from 10 to 18% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, from 0 to 5% by weight of K.sub.2 O, from 5 to 15% by weight in total of MgO and CaO, from 10 to 20% by weight in total of Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O, from 0.1 to 1% by weight of cerium oxide in terms of CeO.sub.2, from 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of iron oxide in terms of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 0.005% by weight of CoO, from 0 to 0.01% by weight of NiO, and from 0.0005 to 0.005% by weight of Se, and glass for vehicles comprising from 65 to 80% by weight of SiO.sub.2, from 0 to 5% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 5% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, from to 10% by weight of MgO, from 5 to 15% by weight of CaO, from 10 to 18% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, from 0 to 5% by weight of K.sub.

Abstract: A neutral, generally green-gray low transmittance (no more than 25 luminous transmittance) soda-lime-silica glass has reduced solar energy transmittance when provided with the following colorant constituents in percent by weight:______________________________________ Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (total iron) 1.3-2 NiO 0.01-0.05 CoO 0.02-0.04 Se 0.0002-0.003 ______________________________________The glass has a ferrous value in the range of 18 to 30.

Abstract: A neutral, gray colored, nickel having a medium visible light transmittance between about 30 and percent, and low total solar energy and ultraviolet radiation transmittance, is produced with colorants comprising 0.40 to 0.58 percent by weight total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (22 to 26 percent reduced to FeO), 0.006 to 0.018 Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, and 0.0006 to 0.0015 percent Se. The glass product having such a composition is particularly suitable for architectural applications.

Abstract: A crystallized glass article having a surface pattern like granite, marble or other natural stones with a line pattern of a desired color or colors, which is formed by fusion bonding small masses of a crystallizable glass material mixed with inorganic pigment powder at a heat-treating temperature higher than the softening point. The surface pattern comprises crystallized glass areas defined by the small masses in the surface layer of the article and the colored line pattern defined by the pigment dispersed in the interfaces between adjacent ones of the small masses in the surface layer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of transparent glasses which can be chemically strengthened within a period of time not exceeding four hours to develop a surface compression layer having a sufficient depth to survive the Drop Ball Test after abrasion, the glasses consisting essentially, in weight percent, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 55-65 CaO 0-1.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-20 MgO 0-4 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-10 TiO.sub.2 0-4 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 14-26 ZrO.sub.2 0-7 Li.sub.2 O 0-3 MgO + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 0-10 Na.sub.2 O 6-18 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-0.5 K.sub.2 O 2-10 ZnO 0-1.5 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 13-22. ______________________________________Where desired, 3.5-5.5% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 may be included to yield glasses which, at a thickness of 2 mm, will not transmit more than 1% of ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm. Where an ultraviolet absorbing glass exhibiting a neutral gray, fixed tint is desired, 0.02-0.035% Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 and 0.08-0.

Abstract: Glass for vehicles comprising from 65 to 80% by weight of SiO.sub.2, from 0 to 5% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 5% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 10% by weight of MgO, from 5 to 15% by weight of CaO, from 10 to 18% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, from 0 to 5% by weight of K.sub.2 O, from 5 to 15% by weight in total of MgO and CaO, from 10 to 20% by weight in total of Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O, from 0.1 to 1% by weight of cerium oxide in terms of CeO.sub.2, from 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of iron oxide in terms of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 0.005% by weight of CoO, from 0 to 0.01% by weight of NiO, from 0.2 to 3% by weight of Er.sub.2 O.sub.3, and from 0.0003 to 0.005% by weight of Se. The glass assumes bronze while exhibiting excellent ultraviolet and heat absorption.

Abstract: A transparent glass which, at a thickness of 2 mm, does not transmit more than about 1% of ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm and exhibits a neutral gray, fixed tint bounded by apices A, B, C, D, A of the drawing, a purity no higher than 6, and a luminous transmittance between 10-16, said glass having a composition consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 65-72 CaO 0-1.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 2-6 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 + CaO 0.2-2.25 Na.sub.2 O 6-10 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-0.3 K.sub.2 O 10-16 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 4.8-6.2 Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 17-23 Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 0.012-0.02 K.sub.2 O:Na.sub.2 O 1.25-2.25 NiO 0.16-0.21 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-2.25 ZnO 0-1.5.

Abstract: A method of varying the color in a glass-ceramic material having a beta-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase which comprises controlling the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 level between 19 and 20% by weight, the Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 level between 700 and 900 ppm and the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 level between not over 15 ppm and 140 ppm. An amber color is obtained with 20-40 ppm Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 and a burgundy color with 120-140 ppm Co.sub.3 O.sub.4. Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 in a compatible carrier may be added to molten glass as a forehearth additive.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass-ceramic articles containing lithium disilicate crystals as the predominant crystal phase and consisting essentially, in weight percent, of 8-19% Li.sub.2 O, 0-5% Na.sub.2 O, 0-7% K.sub.2 O, 0-8% Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, 0-10% CaO, 0-6% SrO, 0-6% BaO, 2-12% Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O+CaO+SrO+BaO, 0-7% ZnO, 0-11% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1.5-11% ZnO+Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, with a molar ratio (Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O) (ZnO+Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) between 0.075-1.25, 65-80% SiO.sub.2, and as a nucleating agent 1.5-7% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and/or 0.0001-0.1% Pd. Glass-ceramics having certain compositions within those ranges are self-glazing.

Abstract: A transparent, colored glass ceramic containing high-quartz solid solution crystals, whose transmission in the IR range between 800 nm and 2.6 microns can be variably adjusted, and which has the composition (in weight percent) of 62-68% SiO.sub.2, 19.5-22.5% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3.0-4.0 Li.sub.2 O, 1.5-3.5% BaO, 0.5-2.5% ZnO and 1.5-5.0% TiO.sub.2 in addition to other possible oxides, which are present in small quantities, the color being produced by MnO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, CoO, NiO, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.This glass ceramic is transformed from the starting glass by a heat treatment between 680.degree. C. and 920.degree. C.

Abstract: A transparent glass exhibiting a burgundy color, and glassware molded therefrom, the glass consisting essentially of 0.3 to 2.2% by weight of manganese oxide, calculated as MnO.sub.2, in a soda lime silicate base glass, exhibiting chromaticity coordinates (Illuminant C) falling within the rangesx=0.3200 to 0.3700y=0.3300 to 0.3080Cap Y=25 to 72 and having impurity levels for NiO and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 not exceeding 100 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively.

Abstract: A glass flux composition consisting essentially by weight of 30-70% SiO.sub.2, 10-30% CaO, 0-20% ZnO, 3-8% MoO.sub.3, 0-20% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-25% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-10% K.sub.2 O, 0-10% Na.sub.2 O, 0-10% MgO, 0-15% BaO, 0-7% Li.sub.2 O, 0-10% PbO, 014 5% SrO, 0-10% CeO, 0-0.1% CoO and 0-5% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is a useful opacifying composition for preparing a glaze composition for ceramics.

Abstract: A method of preparing colored crystallized glass is disclosed, comprising the steps of:(a) adding to a crystallized glass material from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a coloring agent per 100 parts by weight of the crystallized glass material, said coloring agent having been prepared by preliminarily burning in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of from 1,000.degree. to 1,400.degree. C. for at least 1 hour from 0.05 to 7 parts by weight of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.03 to 5 parts by weight of CoO, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of from 0.01 to 2.5 parts by weight of NiO and from 0.01 to 2.5 parts by weight of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, the amounts of the components of the coloring agent being given in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the crystallized glass material;(b) molding the resulting mixture under a pressure of from 500 to 3,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; and(c) calcining the molded mixture to effect crystallization heat treatment.

Abstract: A blue glass composition comprises conventional soda-lime-silica glass ingredients and specific amounts of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, NiO, and optionally Se, resulting in an Illuminant C transmittance of 54% .+-.3% at one quarter inch thickness, a dominant wavelength of 482 nm.+-.1 nm, and a color purity of 13% .+-.1%.

Abstract: A color package is disclosed that provides a light beige tint in potassium fluorrichterite glass-ceramic materials containing a cristobalite secondary crystal phase. The package includes Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiO, Se and, optionally, cobalt oxide within limited ranges.

Abstract: A clear glass, with the substantial absence of color in transmittance, and with an attractive, bright, edge coloration compatible with wood tone surroundings is achieved in a glass having greater than 85 percent, preferably greater than 87 percent, luminous transmittance by minimizing the amount of iron oxide present in the glass and including very small amounts of selenium and (optionally) cobalt oxide. Various warm, wood tone compatible colors at the edge can be attained, including a "honey" color and almost neutral grays.

Abstract: A clear glass, with the substantial absence of color in transmittance, and with an attractive, bright, pure azure edge coloration is achieved in a glass having greater than 87 percent, preferably greater than 90 percent, luminous transmittance by using very small amounts of iron oxide as the sole essential colorant, with the ratio of iron in the ferrous state to total iron being at least 0.4.

Abstract: A neutral gray, low transmittance (less than 20 percent luminous transmittance) soda-lime-silica glass has reduced solar energy transmittance, and in particular exceptionally low ultraviolet transmittance (less than 20 percent total solar ultraviolet transmittance) when provided with the following colorant constituents:Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (total iron) 0.4-0.7 percent by weightFeO 0.08-0.15Se 0.003-0.008CoO 0.003-0.025Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.022-0.050The glass avoids the use of nickel compounds as colorants. Parameters for melting such a glass in a commercial furnace are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous, silica-rich shapes have improved strength and abrasion resistance by leaching the precursor glass shape in preconditioned acid having silica ion and at least one common ion that is also present in the precursor glass shape. The precursor glass shapes have shapes such as fibers, hollow fibers, tubes, rods, beads, hollow spheres and plates and compositions having 30-75 volume percent silica and at least 10-65 volume percent nonsiliceous acid extractable components. Preconditioning of the acid solution results from a pretreatment of the acid with compounds that dissociate into the ions when added to the acid solution or with shapes, particles or fragments of glass compositions different from or similar to the glass shape to be leached so long as the glass composition has extractable material to provide the silica ion and at least one common ion.

Abstract: A fibre-reinforced ceramic material is made by making a melt of glass of specified composition, cooling the melt rapidly enough for it to solidify as a glass, crushing the glass to a particle size not exceeding 70 .mu.m but preferably not exceeding 50 .mu.m mixing the powder with reinforcing fibres and heat-treating the mixture, preferably under pressure. The glass composition is: 100 parts by weight of base glass (0-30 CaO, 0-30 MgO, 5-35 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 35-75 SiO.sub.2) plus 1/2-3 parts Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 plus 1/2-10 parts of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or the equivalent.This ensures the ceramic contains both surface-nucleated and internally-nucleated crystals, enhancing its properties.

Abstract: A neutral, dark gray, nickel-free, soda-lime-silica glass having luminous transmittance less than 20 percent is produced with colorants consisting essentially of 0.55 to 1.0 percent by weight total iron (at least 15 percent in the ferrous state), 0.005 to 0.02 percent CoO, and 0.003 to 0.02 percent Se. The flat glass product having such a composition is particularly suitable for use in sun roofs.

Abstract: A blue glass composition is disclosed. This blue glass composition is based on a standard formulation for soda/lime silica glass, except that neither the basic glass composition nor the coloring components therefor contains nickel. The blue glass color is developed by using coloring components consisting essentially of 0.3-0.6% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.004-0.008% Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, and 0.0001-001% Se. The particular blue color of the glass is a neutral blue having a dominant wavelength of 482 nm.+-.1 nm, color purity of 13%.+-.1% and transmission (T) equal to at least 54%.+-.1% using Illuminant C (corrected to 0.25 inch glass thickness).

Abstract: Whisker-reinforced ceramic matrix composites comprising a principal crystal phase selected from the group of anorthite, barium-stuffed cordierite, and mixed cordierite/anorthite are prepared by extrusion of extrudable ceramic batches comprising an extrusion vehicle and a solids component consisting essentially of inorganic whiskers and powdered glass, the glass being a thermally crystallizable glass containing an internal nucleant and capable of being consolidated at ambient pressures or above to a dense consolidated preform which may be converted to a substantially glass-free whisker-reinforced ceramic matrix composite by thermal treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glass compositions suitable for cathode ray tube faceplates which are essentially free from readily reducible metal oxides, MgO, and fluorine, and which consist essentially, in weight percent on the oxide basis, of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 60-63 BaO 5.5-8.5 ZrO.sub.2 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 >4-6.25 Li.sub.2 O 0.25-0.8 CaO 1.5-4.0 Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.25-0.55 Na.sub.2 O 7.25-9.25 TiO.sub.2 0.25-0.75 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-0.25 K.sub.2 O 6-8.25 ZrO.sub.2 4-6.25 Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 + As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.35-0.75 SrO 5.5-8.5 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-<2 CeO.sub.2 0.15-0.5.

Abstract: Method and composition for protecting an electrical grounding device having a generally vertically disposed metal tubular electrode buried in the ground. Near the lower end of the tube, slots are provided in the sidewalls through which a special viscous fluid composition is injected into the surrounding soil to fix the tube in place and provide electrical contact with the earth. The composition surrounds and prevents excessive corrosion of buried metallic bodies and particularly those metallic bodies which are intended to provide electrical contact with the earth. The composition surrounding the metallic body contains primarily metallic oxides such as silicon dioxide. The oxidation activity of the metallic component should have a single electrode potential (standard or formal) at 25.degree. C. of from -0.4 to -2.90. The composition may also contain other metallic oxides in admixture with the primary oxide.

Abstract: Dark blue dyed furnace sight glass of soda-lime-silica further containing carbon and oxides of iron and cobalt with substantially no infrared transmission and which sight glass affords a view of details in the melting operation. Other ingredients may include K.sub.2 O, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or ZrO.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of transparent, translucent, and opaque glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase exhibiting colors ranging from black to brown to red, and opaque glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-spodumene solid solution as the predominant crystal phase exhibiting colors ranging from gray to brown to almond to beige to yellow to blue. Both types of articles can be prepared by heat treating precursor glass articles essentially free from MgO and consisting essentially, in weight percent, of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 63.5-69 BaO 0-5 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 15-25 TiO.sub.2 >2.5-6 Li.sub.2 O 2.5-4 ZrO.sub.2 0-2 Na.sub.2 O 0.1-0.6 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.4-0.8 K.sub.2 O 0.1-0.6 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.05-0.2 ZnO 0-2 ______________________________________and 0.3-3% total of at least two oxides in the indicated proportions selected from the group of 0-2% CaO, 0-3% CeO.sub.2, 0-1% NiO, 0-1.5% SnO.sub.2, 0-0.3% V.sub.

Abstract: A blue glass composition is disclosed. This blue glass composition is based on a standard formulation for soda/lime silica glass, except that neither the basic glass composition nor the coloring components therefor contains nickel. The blue glass color is developed by using coloring components consisting essentially of 0.3-0.6% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.004-0.008% .[.Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 .]. .Iadd.Co, .Iaddend.and is a neutral blue having a dominant wavelength of 482 nm.+-.1 nm, color purity of 13%.+-.1% and transmission (T) equal to at least 54%.+-.1% using Illuminant C (corrected to 0.25 inch glass thickness).

Abstract: A blue glass composition comprises conventional soda-lime-silica glass ingredients and specific amounts of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, NiO, and optionally Se, resulting in an Illuminant C transmittance of 54%.+-.3% at one quarter inch thickness, a dominant wavelength of 482 nm.+-.1 nm, and a color purity of 13%.+-.1%.